The Journal of Plant Genetic Resources is a bimonthly academic journal co-sponsored by the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and China Association of Agricultural Science Societies .Tt is the only journal in China that mainly introduces plant genetic resources. Founded in 2000, officially launched in 2003, quarterly from 2000 to 2009, and bimonthly in 2010.

The contents of the report are field, horticultural crops, ornamental and medicinal plants, basic research on plant genetic resources, research results in applied research, innovative academic papers, and high-level reviews or reviews of forest plants, grass plants and all their economic plants. For example, the investigation, collection, preservation, evaluation, utilization, innovation, Informatics, management, etc. of germplasm resources; Systems of origin, evolution, classification, etc.; Gene excavation, identification, cloning, establishment of gene libraries, and research on genetic diversity.

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    Review
    Advances on the Taxonomy of Sage Plants （Salvia L.）
    HUANG Yanbo, LIN Chuhang, LIU Fengluan
    2024,25(4):843-854, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231115001
    [Abstract] (8) [HTML] (4) [PDF 3.36 M] (3)
    Abstract:
    There are about 1000 species of Salvia L. in the world， and a large number of species have been developed in many aspects of medicine， ornamental， edible as well as essential oils and health care. In China， there are abundant germplasm resources including 84 species and 24 varieties， while only one native species， Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge， is widely cultivated and used for medicinal purpose. It is urgent to investigate and classify their growth habits， morphological characteristics and horticultural characteristics， in order to promote their efficient development and popularization. Based on classical taxonomy and solid data obtained from field investigation and cultivation observation in the past 13 years， this article focuses on the classification and characterization of the horticultural characteristics of Salvia L.， including six aspects， such as end-use， flowering period， flower color， flower size， stem characteristics and garden shape. Spring-flowered （April-June）， summer-flowered （July-August）， and autumn-flowered （September-November） types were classified according to flowering periods， while purple， blue， red， pink， yellow and white flower styles were categorized based on flower colors. There were four levels for flower sizes： small （<1.5 cm）， medium （1.5-3.0 cm）， medium-large （3.0-4.5 cm）， and large （＞4.5 cm）， and three forms for stem types： trailing， cespitose， and erect. Notable flexibility were displayed in garden shape by a number of germplasms. The majority of domestic sage resources are the cespitose herbs with medium-sized （large） purple and blue flowers that bloom in the spring. This study improved the applied classification system of Salvia L.， and provided reference for further development and extensive application of Salvia L. species in China.
    Progress on Innovative Research and Utilization of Rice Germplasm Resources in China
    YANG Dewei, ZHANG Haifeng, YU Wenquan
    2024,25(4):855-868, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231029001
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (1) [PDF 1009.78 K] (0)
    Abstract:
    Agricultural germplasm resources mainly include crops， livestock and poultry， agricultural microorganisms and medicinal plants. There are 134，000 crop germplasm resources preserved in China， among which 74，000 are rice germplasm resources. How to accurately evaluate and utilize such huge rice germplasm resources is of great significance in rice germplasm innovation and breeding. In this paper， we reviewed the progress in collection， evaluation and accurate identification of rice germplasm resources， creation of new strains of rice， utilization of heterosis of rice， new techniques and methods of rice germplasm creation， and exploration and utilization of excellent genetic resources of rice， and summarized a new model of rice germplasm resource creation and utilization. Finally， this article discussed the current problems of rice core germplasm construction， germplasm resources identification and mining， and germplasm resources sharing and win-win mechanism. At the same time， we analyzed and prospeced how to strengthen the construction of specialized core seed resources， the accurate identification of germplasm resources， the innovative research of germplasm resources， the sharing mechanism of germplasm resources and the cooperation and exchange of germplasm resources， in order to provide some reference and help for further development of the identification， evaluation and innovative utilization of rice germplasm resources.
    Research Articles
    Molecular Detection of Puroindoline and HMW-GS and Quality Traits Analysis in 94 Wheat Germplasms
    ZHANG Xiao, JIANG Wei, GAO Derong, GUO Yanling, LIU Datong, JIANG Zhengning, LI Man, LIU Jian, YUAN Bo, LU Chengbin
    2024,25(4):869-881, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230905002
    [Abstract] (4) [HTML] (1) [PDF 1.23 M] (5)
    Abstract:
    Grain hardness and HMW-GS play a key role in wheat quality. In order to explore and utilize favorable allelic variants of wheat hardness Puroindoline gene and HMW-GS to improve the quality of medium-strong gluten， molecular detection of both genes and quality traits were analyzed in 94 wheat germplasms which mainly include varieties in the Low and Middle Yangtze River Valley Wheat Zone， as well as high quality wheat varieties or landraces in other wheat zones. The results showed that the grain hardness was ranged from 7.21 to 72.91. There were 42 soft wheat accounting for 44.68%， 42 hard wheat accounting for 44.68%， and 10 mixed wheat accounting for 10.64%. Five alleles at the Puroindoline locus were detected， including Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a，Pina-D1r/Pinb-D1a，Pina-D1s/Pinb-D1a，Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b and Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p， with quantity of 8， 3， 1， 29 and 9 respectively. The hardness of different Puroindoline alleles ranked in the order： Pina-D1r/Pinb-D1a＞Pina-D1s/Pinb-D1a＞Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a＞Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p＞Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b. HMW-GS subunits 1 and Null accounted for 53.33% and 45.56% respectively at Glu-A1 locus and one with 1G330E. 7+8 and 7+9 subunits accounted for 47.78% and 46.67% respectively at Glu-B1 locus. Furthermore， there were three wheat varieties carrying 14+15 subunits， one carrying 7OE+8* and one carrying 6+8 at Glu-B1 locus. 2+12 and 5+10 subunits accounted for 61.11% and 38.89% respectively. For SDS sedimentation value， there were no significant difference between 1 and Null subunits at Glu-A1 locus and 7+8 and 7+9 at Glu-B1 locus. The SDS sedimentation value of 5+10 subunits was higher than 2+12 subunits at Glu-D1 locus. A significant positive correlation between hardness and SDS sedimentation value was detected. The SDS sedimentation value was contributed by grain hardness， greater than that of HMW-GS. The genotypes of Puroindoline and HMW-GS and phenotypes of wheat germplasms were analyzed in this study， which provided a reference for the genetic improvement of wheat quality， especially for medium-strong gluten wheat.
    Analysis of Phenotypic Characteristics， Physiological Responses， and Immune Signaling Pathways in Wheat in Response to Blumeria graminis f. sp. Tritici
    BAI Shuangyu, CUI Yuanyuan, WANG Zhaoyi, HE Juntao, LIU Caixia, LIU Fenglou, WANG Zhangjun, LI Qingfeng
    2024,25(4):882-892, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230822001
    [Abstract] (4) [HTML] (1) [PDF 2.25 M] (3)
    Abstract:
    Understanding plant responses to pathogen invasion is important for identifying resistance genes. In this experiment， the seedlings of wheat variety Zhongzuo 9504 were inoculated by powdery mildew， in order to observe the changes of growth， physiological metabolism-related indexes and gene expression in wheat leaves at 0 h， 6 h， 1 d， 4 d and 7 d after infestation. This study attempted to reveal the response mechanism of powdery mildew inoculation on the growth， osmoregulatory substances and reactive oxygen species in wheat. The results showed that with the increase of inoculation time， the number of dead cells， and the activity of peroxidase and superoxide anion in wheat leaves tended to increase. The powdery mildew produced mature secondary conidia 7 days post inoculation. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase functioned at different infestation times. Soluble protein content basically showed an increasing trend， chlorophyll content decreased significantly at 7 d， which in turn affected plant growth. No significant changes on hydrogen peroxide content was observed throughout the inoculation period. Transcriptome analysis revealed that PTI signaling was partially inhibited and down-regulated at the initial stage of inoculation （0 h to 6 h）. PTI signaling responded positively in the early and middle stages （6 h to1 d and 1 d to 4 d）， while ETI appeared in the early stage. In the late stage of infestation （4 d to 7 d）， there was a down-regulation tendency on both the PTI and ETI signaling pathways， as powdery mildew had colonized the surface of the leaf completely， thus compromising photosynthesis in wheat.
    Genome-wide Association Analysis of Radicle Growth and Morphological Traits in Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）
    YANG Jian, LIANG Wenxian, WANG Chunyan, ZHOU Sumei, HU Naiyue, XIE Songxin, YANG Xiwen, HE Dexian
    2024,25(4):893-903, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231008001
    [Abstract] (4) [HTML] (1) [PDF 2.48 M] (1)
    Abstract:
    In order to explore the genetic mechanism of wheat seminal root formation and growth， 198 wheat natural cultivars growing in the Huang-Huai Area were investigated in this study. The total first grade branch number， branch density， length， surface area， volume and average diameter of the radicle were examined using 21 days old seedlings in the hydroponic culture. Q+K mixed linear model， in conjugation with the genotyping results by the 660K gene chip， was used to conduct genome-wide association analysis （GWAS） at radicle traits， followed by functional annotation and candidate gene mining of significant and repeatedly-detected association sites. At the six radicle growth traits， a continuous and normal or nearly normal distribution were observed， with coefficient of variation of 5.56%-22.10%. A total of 136 significant association sites were detected. They were distributed on the chromosomes except 7B， each of which could explain 5.10%-13.60% of phenotypic variation. Thirteen significant pleiotropic sites were identified from those 136 sites. Based on the annotation， 16 candidate genes that may be related to radicle growth were found， such as TraesCS4A01G023100， TraesCS1B01G294400， TraesCS4A01G006200. These genes were proposed to be involved in the formation of wheat radicle root system by regulating DNA topoisomerase， ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2， phosphoinositide phosphatase family protein and so on. The results of this study provided a reference for the construction of wheat root regulation network， as well as the optimization of root architecture and function.
    Evaluation of Agronomic and Quality Traits in Four Famous Landraces Groups of Foxtail Millet and Relationship Analysis
    XUE Yapeng, WANG Rong, CHAI Xiaojiao, WANG Ruonan, WANG Qian, LIU Shaoxiong, WANG Ruiyun, LIU Minxuan
    2024,25(4):904-921, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230609004
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (1) [PDF 2.45 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    A two-year field trials and agronomic performance analysis were conducted in 179 foxtail millet accessions which are homonyms of the four famous landraces （Qinzhouhuang， Taohuami， Longshanxiaomi and Jinmi），as well as exploring the genetic relationships between the materials. Fifty-one accessions including the four original varieties were subjected for nutritional quality analysis. The significant differences on quantitative traits were detected in 179 accessions， while the quality traits were detected without much differences. Through the correlation analysis， a highly significant positive correlation between kernel weight of single ear and ear weight， as well as stalk weight and ear weight， were found. Principal component analysis showed that the first three principal components contributed to 89.414% of the cumulative variation. Gained from the composite score F-value calculated based on the results of principal component analysis， we observed the highest and lowest composite scores in Bocaigen-30 （F=7.42） and Yintianhan-27 （F=-9.17）， respectively. Cluster analysis based on agronomic traits revealed that the 179 accessions were classified into four clusters with relatively concentrated clustering within homonyms varieties and greater similarity of agronomic traits. The results of phylogenetic relationships indicate that there are diverse evolutionary relationships among different varieties with the same name， and there may be gene exchange between different varieties with different names. The differences in nutritional quality among the four categories of famous foxtail millet were small， and the differences in all nutritional quality indexes except crude fiber were not significant. The crude protein and crude fat was positively correlated， while starch negatively correlated with protein and fat. The first six major components explained 88.414% of the cumulative variation and could basically cover the information of the 10 nutritional qualities. Based on the principal component analysis of nutritional qualities， the top ranked varieties were Bocaigen-77， Bocaigen-33， Bocaigen-44， Papocao-15， Jugenqi-25 and Yintianhan-13， combined with the comprehensive scores of different accessions.This study identifies and studies the agronomic traits， quality traits， and phylogenetic relationships of the four famous foxtail millet groups， which is of great significance for the protection and utilization of germplasm resources， as well as the excavation of excellent resources.
    Genetic Diversity and Comprehensive Evaluation of Sorghum Germplasm Based on Phenotypic Traits
    NIU Xuejing, WANG Xindong, WANG Jinping, SUN Juan, QIE Yanmin, WANG Lina, GENG Lige
    2024,25(4):922-935, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230919001
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (1) [PDF 1.85 M] (3)
    Abstract:
    Based on "The Third National Campaign of Crop Germplasm Census and Collection"， genetic diversity analysis， correlation analysis， cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to study and evaluate 136 sorghum germplasm resources collected from 2020 to 2021 in Hebei province. The results showed that there were abundant phenotypic variations in the collection. The diversity index of 15 phenotypic traits ranged from 0.0844 to 1.9926， and the coefficient of variation ranged from 4.69% to 68.00%. The genetic diversity of 1000-grain weight and the coefficient of variation of panicle shape were the highest. A significant positive correlation between plant height and panicle traits was detected. These germplasms were divided into three groups by cluster analysis， while three clusters didn’t correlate with the geographic collection sites. Cluster I showed the best performance in panicle traits and could be used in breeding for technical purposes. The plant height of cluster II was low， which can be used as dwarf resources in germplasm innovation. Cluster III showed the best yield traits which can be used in breeding for higher grain production. Principal component analysis simplified phenotypic trait factors into 5 principal components， with the cumulative contribution rate of 60.182%. The plant height， the panicle and grain traits were the main factors contributing to the phenotypic differences. Based on the comprehensive scores of 136 sorghum germplasms that ranged from 0.107 to 1.147， the top 10 elite germplasm resources such as Suning sorghum， Changsui sorghum， Tiaozhou sorghum and Luoshu were selected. Collectively， based on the evaluation of these newly collected sorghum germplasm resources in Hebei province， this study provided insights for the mining of elite sorghum germplasm and the innovative utilization of germplasm.
    Genetic Diversity Analysis of 305 Registered Sweetpotato Varieties in China Based on InDel Markers
    TANG Fen, ZHAO Lukuan, SU Yijun, XIAO Shizhuo, YUAN Rui, WENG Zongkuan, DAI Xibin, ZHOU Zhilin, CHEN Yanli, CAO Qinghe
    2024,25(4):936-945, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230928002
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (1) [PDF 2.02 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    Evaluating the genetic relationship of sweetpotato varieties is an important prerequisite for understanding their genetic background and effectively utilizing germplasm resources. Using 23 pairs of InDel primers developed by our research group， genotype analysis was conducted on 305 registered sweetpotato varieties in China. A total of 56 bands were amplified， of which 53 bands were polymorphic， with a polymorphism rate of 94.6%. The average values of polymorphic information content （PIC）， Nei's genetic diversity index （H）， observed heterozygosity （Ho）， and expected heterozygosity （He） are 0.4098， 0.4451， 0.6003 and 0.4460， respectively. Group structure analysis indicates that ΔK reaches maximum at the number of groups K=2， with a small peak at K=4. The northern and Yangtze River sweetpotato zone are evenly distributed within the two groups， while the majority （72.97%） of the southern sweetpotato zone converge in group 2. The principal coordinate analysis （PCoA） shows that there is some convergence in the southern sweetpotato zone， but there is no clear cluster division overall. The clustering results divided the population into four main groups. The varieties in the northern sweetpotato zone and the Yangtze River sweetpotato zone were evenly distributed in groups I， II， III and IV， while the southern sweetpotato zone （77.03%） was mainly concentrated in group IV. This clustering result is basically consistent with population structure research and principal coordinate analysis. Genealogy analysis identified the main parental materials of 13 registered varieties， and there was a situation of repeated use of parents for forward and reverse breeding in each breeding unit. This article combines molecular marker results with pedigree information， preliminarily indicating that the registered varieties of sweetpotatoes in China have close genetic relationships and narrow genetic backgrounds， providing reference for germplasm innovation and new variety selection of sweetpotatoes.
    Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Fingerprint Construction of 96 Cymbidium Based on ISSR Markers
    WEI Xiaoyu, LIU Hong, MA Hui, BIE Tongde, SUN Ye
    2024,25(4):946-959, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230810003
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (1) [PDF 3.91 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    In order to strengthen the protection and utilization of Cymbidium resources in China， ISSR markers were deployed to conduct the genetic diversity and fingerprint construction in this study. A total of 67 bands were detected with 11 primers in 96 samples， and the average of polymorphic bands rate is 73.63%， the number of alleles （Na） is 1.925， the number of effective alleles （Ne） is 1.450， the genetic diversity of Nei's is 0.277， and the Shannon index （I） is 0.427， the percentage of polymorphic loci （PPL） is 92.54%， the genetic diversity within populations （Hs） is 0.1934， the genetic differentiation coefficient （Gst） is 0.3009， the total genetic diversity （Ht） was 0.2767， and the average gene flow among populations（Nm） of Cymbidium is 1.1619， the fixation index of pairwise genetic differentiation among populations ranged from 0.002 to 0.527， with an average of 0.325. The systematic clustering results indicate that Cymbidium has high degree of genetic differentiation， which was divided into three groups by systematic clustering analysis， Cymbidium. goeringii and C. sinense were assigned to one category， while C. kanran， C. goeringii var. longibracteatum， C. faberi， C. tortisepalum and C. ensifolium were in the second category， the hybrids were in a unique category， which has a large genetic distance from the other two categories. Principal coordinate analysis indicated that C. tortisepalum and C. goeringii showed a distant genetic relationship. 6 pairs of primers were selected to construct fingerprint QR codes for 96 species. Collectively， this study provided an important basis for the breeding and variety identification of Cymbidium in the future.
    Analysis of Flower Color Difference Between Camellia reticulata ‘Shizitou’ and its Bud Mutant ‘Damanao’
    ZHOU Lin, YONG Qingqing, YAO Xiang, CHEN Xiaojuan, HUANG Shunman, QU Yan
    2024,25(4):960-971, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230906003
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (1) [PDF 2.39 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    Camellia reticulata is a famous ornamental flower in the world， and its flower color is an important ornamental character. The flower color of Camellia reticulata ‘Shizitou’ is deep red， while its bud mutant ‘Damanao’ showing white-red mixed flower is rare with great ornamental value. In this study， both varieties were analyzed at the flower traits by RHSCC colorimetric method， and their metabolites and transcriptional profiles were examined based on transcriptome and metabolome methodologies. Anthocyanin targeted metabolic analysis detected 28 anthocyanin metabolites. There were no different metabolites between the petals of ‘Shizitou’ and ‘Damanao’ in the red region， while the main different metabolites between the white region of the petals of ‘Shizitou’ and ‘Damanao’ were centaurin-3-O-sambudigoside， proanthocyanidin B2， proanthocyanidin B3 and afotoside. The main different metabolites between white and red region of ‘Damanao’ petals were centaurin-3-O-sambuloside， proanthocyanidin B2 and afoside. Transcriptomic KEGG analysis showed that the genes in phenylpropanol biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were related to the formation of red and white bicolor petals of ‘Damanao’. Plant hormone signal transduction and circadian rhythm-plant pathway were associated with flower color bud change of Camellia reticulata. Transcriptional and metabolic joint analysis identified 17 differentially expressed genes highly related to the color of Camellia reticulata， including 4 CHS， 3 HCT， 2 F3'H， 1 LAR， 5 MYB and 2 bHLH. This study provided a reference for future breeding based on the flower color bud mutation.
    Identification of Nuclear Male Sterile Material GMS702AB in Pepper
    WANG Sheng, JIA Li, TANG Jing, LI Haoyu, SONG Tingting, YUAN Juanwei, YAN Congsheng, FANG Ling, ZHANG Qian, SUN Yujun, JIANG Haikun, SUN Xueliang, ZHANG Tao
    2024,25(4):972-981, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230923001
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (1) [PDF 1.56 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    This study identified a nuclear male sterile pepper line showing male sterility and parthenocarpy characteristics， and the agronomic traits and parthenocarpy fruit setting rate of the material were determined， and the parthenocarpy of the sterile line at different developmental stages and the parthenocarpy of the fertile line were determined for endogenous hormones. In addition， the genetic segregation of F2 population was analyzed by field identification and microscopic examination， and the fertility segregation ratio of the population was analyzed by using the molecular markers developed by pepper nuclear male sterile genes ms-3， msw， ms， msms and msc-1.The results showed the vertical and horizontal diameters of the parthenocarpy fruit of the sterile line were larger， and the fruit setting rate of the fertile line and the sterile line was significantly different. The fruit setting rate of the fertile line was 22 %， and the fruit setting rate of the sterile line was 43%. The GA4 （gibberellin） content in the parthenocarpic fruit of the sterile line in different periods was significantly higher than that of the fertile line. There are 97 fertile lines and 30 sterile lines in the F2 population，with a separation ratio of 3.23 ： 1，which is consistent with the Mendelian inheritance law. It showsd that its fertility was controlled by a recessive single gene. We named the nuclear male sterile line of pepper as GMS702AB. This study provides a new nuclear male sterile line valuable in pepper breeding and seed production.
    Location of Resistance to Leaf Rust in Wheat Line Derived from Hussar
    ZHAO Xinyu, WANG Yu, LI Yanyan, GAO Weifang, LI Xing, KANG Zhanhai
    2024,25(4):982-988, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230708002
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (1) [PDF 1021.29 K] (1)
    Abstract:
    This study used the derivative line H103P of the wheat line Hussar， which has resistance to leaf rust， as the resistant parent and Zhengzhou 5389 as the susceptible parent to hybridize and obtain 234 F4 family populations as materials for leaf rust resistance gene mapping analysis. Identification of leaf rust resistance during seedling stage using 16 physiological races of leaf rust fungus with different virulence. The results showed that Zhoumai 22 and vector varieties carrying Lr13， Lr23 and Lr16 single gene were susceptible to 16 physiological races of leaf rust. Except for one race （PHKT）， H103P showed resistance to all other races. The resistance of H103P is different from the vector varieties corresponding to these three genes （Lr13，Lr23 and Lr16）. Use 5 highly virulent mixed strains （THTT， PHTT②， FHJS②， PHKS， PHTT①） for field identification of leaf rust resistance. The results showed that H103P， SAAR， Zhoumai 22 and Lr13 vector variety exhibited high resistance in the field. 234 F4 family populations are distributed continuously and exhibit good resistance during the mature stage in the field. The results of leaf rust resistance gene mapping analysis indicate that H103P is located as a disease resistance gene on the 2BS chromosome of wheat， temporarily named LrHu. Using specific primers containing Lr13 for specific cleavage of H103P and amplification products of Zhengzhou 5389， it is showed that the wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr13 is contained in H103P. The relationship between the wheat leaf rust resistance gene LrHu and Lr13 is needed to verify by the further research.
    Genome-wide Identification and Bioinformatics Aanalysis of WRKY Gene Family in Wild Rice Species， Oryza granulata
    RUAN Sunmei, ZHANG Pan, ZHANG Min, ZENG Qianchun, ZHANG Hui, LUO Qiong
    2024,25(4):989-1006, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230904001
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (1) [PDF 4.42 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    WRKY transcription factor is one of the most abundant transcription factors in higher plants， and play an important role in plant growth and development， senescence， abiotic and biological stress. O. granulata （Oryza meyeriana subsp. Granulata）， which serves as a closely related wild species of cultivated rice， represents the characteristics of shade tolerance， drought tolerance and high resistance to bacterial blight， becoming an important germplasm resources for cultivated rice improvement. In this study， using HMMER， Pfam， SMART， TBtools， NCBI software and website， 94 genes encoding WRKY transcription factors （OgWRKYs） were identified in O. granulata， which were unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes. According to the number of WRKY domains and the characteristics of zinc finger structure， they were divided into groups Ⅰ， Ⅱ， Ⅲ and Ⅳ. Group II had the most members （52）， which was similar to other species. In addition to the conserved WRKYGQK heptaeptides， six variants were identified， among which WRKYGHK， WRRYGQK， WRKYAKK and WRKYSQK were new variants reported for the first time in plants. According to conserved domain analysis， OgWRKY61， OgWRKY71 and OgWRKY77a may be associated with plant disease resistance.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that 14 OgWRKY transcription factors were enriched in plant-pathogen interaction pathways， and 10 of them were simultaneously enriched in MAPK signaling pathways. Further analysis of cis-acting elements suggested that OgWRKY30b， OgWRKY53， OgWRKY88， OgWRKY96 and OgWRKY111 might play important roles in response to biological and abiotic stresses in O. granulata. The results of qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of OgWRKY30b， OgWRKY53， OgWRKY88 and OgWRKY111 genes were induced by PXO99， while the expression of OgWRKY96 was inhibited by infection. The results of this study provided important reference for future mining of OgWRKYs genes in O. granulata.
    Sequencing Analysis of Transcriptome in Different Parts of Nymphaea ‘Paul Stetson’ Flower
    MAO Liyan, TAN Xiaohui, LONG Lingyun, HUANG Qiuwei, DENG Youzhan, YU Yanping, DING Liqiong, WEI Yongjie
    2024,25(4):1007-1019, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230807001
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (1) [PDF 3.44 M] (1)
    Abstract:
    To investigate the floral aroma metabolism pathways and differentially expressed genes （DEGs） involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid aroma compounds in tropical waterlily organs， the transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the flower organs including the petal （PE）， stamen （ST） and pistil （PI） of N. ‘Paul Stetson’. The number of differentially expressed genes in PE-vs-PI， ST-vs-PI， and ST-vs-PE were 7853， 7501， and 2526， respectively. GO classification and enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly involved in biological regulation， cellular processes， metabolic processes， and stimulus response biological processes. KEGG annotation revealed abundant pathways with significantly enriched DEGs in PE-vs-PI， followed by ST-vs-PI， and ST-vs-PE. Ninety-eight of 794 DEGs that shared in three comparative groups were enriched in four terpenoid floral aroma synthesis pathways， and DEGs in PE-vs-PI and ST-vs-PI was higher than that in ST-vs-PE. In petals and stamens， the genes responsible for synthesis of acacia aldehyde and diterpenoid kaurene， were expressed at higher levels than in pistils. Six of 98 DEGs were randomly selected and subjected for qRT-PCR analysis， confirming the trend on transcriptional expression as revealed by transcriptome sequencing. The results provided a scientific reference for future deciphering the molecular mechanism of terpenoid aroma compounds biosynthesis in tropical waterlilies.
    Host Plant Species Identification and Distribution Areas Analysis of Cistanche salsa
    SHEN Liang, ZHANG Piao, XU Rong, TAN Shixin, ZHU Jun, LI Xiaojin, LIU Yongping, CHEN Jun
    2024,25(4):1020-1027, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231009003
    [Abstract] (6) [HTML] (1) [PDF 1.35 M] (1)
    Abstract:
    Cistanche salsa （C. A. Mey.） G. Beck is a parasitic herb of the genus Cistanche in the family Orobanchaceae， which has the largest number of host plant species identified. It is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in northwest China. To clarify the distribution of C. salsa resources and the identify host plants， 66 samples of C. salsa with parasitic roots were analyzed using DNA barcoding and morphological characters. The results indicated that C. salsa was widely distributed in regions of Xinjiang and Ningxia municipality， at the elevation ranging from 400 to 2000 meters. Specifically， the host plants in Yumin County， Tacheng City， Xinjiang Municipality including Seriphidium compactum （Fisch. ex DC.） Poljakov （Seriphidium genus， Asteraceae） and Atriplex verrucifera Marsch. von Bieb. （Atriplex genus， Amaranthaceae）， the host plants in Tacheng County of Tacheng City including Kalidium cuspidatum Ung.-Sternb. （Kalidium genus， Amaranthaceae）， A. verrucifera and Krascheninnikovia ceratoides （L.） Gueldenst. （Krascheninnikovia genus， Amaranthaceae）， among which A. verrucifera was the dominant host. The host plants in Habahe County， Altay City， Xinjiang Municipality including S. compactum， Krascheninnikovia ewersmanniana （Stschegl. ex Losinsk.） Grubov （Krascheninnikovia genus， Amaranthaceae） and K. ceratoides， the host plants in Jimunai County of Altay City including K. ceratoides and S. compactum. In Yiwu County， Hami City， Xinjiang Municipality， Iljinia regelii （Bunge） Korovin （Iljinia genus， Amaranthaceae） served as the dominant host plant， and the host plants in Barkol County of Hami City including K. cuspidatum. Besides， Suaeda physophora Pall （Suaeda genus， Amaranthaceae） was host plant in the plantation of Jumisar of Changji City in Xinjiang Municipality. Kalidium gracile Fenzl （Kalidium genus， Amaranthaceae） and Sympegma regelii Bunge （Sympegma genus， Amaranthaceae） were both host plants in Yanchi County of Ningxia Wuzhong region， with S. regelii being the dominant host. And S. compactum is a new recorded host plant of C. salsa. Collectively， this study provided scientific basis for protection and breeding of C. salsa and its cultivated host plants in future.
    Research on Grape Rootstock Leaf Recognition Based on Deep Learning
    PAN Bowen, WEI Bingxin, SU Baofeng, JU Yanlun, LIU Chonghuai, FAN Xiucai, ZHANG Ying, SUN Lei, JIANG Jianfu, FANG Yulin
    2024,25(4):1028-1037, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231024001
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (1) [PDF 2.22 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    Grafting is beneficial in enhancing the adaptability to biotic and abiotic stresses， and improving the yield and quality of grapes. There are varieties of grape rootstocks， while their precise clarification become complex and difficult. Deep learning， capable of rapidly capturing deep features from images， has been extensively applied in the field of plant image classification and recognition. In this study， the mature leaf images of 30 grape rootstocks were deployed to construct a dataset， comprising 13547 grape rootstock leaf images. Four convolutional neural networks， GoogleNet， ResNet-50， ResNet-101 and VGG-16， were used for image recognition. The results show that the classification network with the highest accuracy is ResNet-101， and the accuracy reaches 97.5 % under the optimal model parameters （learning rate：0.005， mini-batch size：32， Max epochs：50）. Among the 30 varieties， the average prediction precision rate was 92.59%， and the prediction precision reaching 100% was observed in seven varieties. The recall rate of eight varieties reached 100%， and the average recall rate was 91.08 %. The leaf surface texture， leaf vein and leaf margin were major factors that influence variety classification. This study confirmed the application capacity of deep learning network models in real-time automatic identification of grape rootstocks， thus providing reference for the protection， utilization， clasification research of grape rootstock varieties and the variety recognition of other crops.
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    The biosynthesis and regulation of floral volatile organic compounds and pigments in Freesia hybrida
    佳 张, Liyueqing, Shanxiaotong, Wangli, Gaoxiang
    Available online:  April 17, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231229002
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.70 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: Floral fragrance and flower color are important ornamental traits of flower crops, which are key factors that determine flower quality and affect flower economic values. Therefore, cultivating new flower varieties with rich floral colors and pleasant flowers has long been the main breeding goal of horticulturists. As a representative of bulb cut flower varieties, Freesia hybrida has bright flowers and pleasant aroma. This paper reviews the metabolic pathways and transcriptional regulation networks of the floral pigments and volatile organic compounds, and the potential applications of anthocyanin and terpenoids synthesis is also prospected.
    Detection of Anthocyanins in Rose and its effect on Petals Color
    LIU Ran, KOU Yaping, CHEN Qingyang, NIU Pengfei, WANG Xiaofei, GE Hong, JIA Ruidong, ZHAO Xin, YANG Shuhua
    Available online:  April 01, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231220002
    [Abstract] (11) [HTML] (0) [PDF 983.33 K] (51)
    Abstract:
    In this study, eight roses with different flower colours were selected as research materials according phenotypic observation. The CIELab colour measurement system was used for the determination of flower colour phenotypes, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) techniques were used for detection of anthocyanins, and multifaceted analyse were carried out to explore the relationship between flower colours and anthocyanins in the roses. The results showed that a total of eight anthocyanins components were first detected in the eight roses, they were Cyanidin-3-（caffeoyl)-glucoside (Cy3CafG), Cyanidin-3-O-galactopyranoside (Cy3Gal), Peonidin-3-(caffeoyl)-glucoside (Pn3CafG), Cyanidin-3-(cis-caffeoyl)-dimethyl-glucoside (Cy3(cisCaf)DmG), Cyanidin-3-(trans-caffeoyl)-dimethyl-glucoside (Cy3(transCaf)DmG), Cyanidin-3-dimethyl-glucoside (Cy3DmG), Peonidin-3-(cis-caffeoyl)-rutinoside (Pn3(cisCaf)Ru), Peonidin-3-(trans-caffeoyl)-rutinoside (Pn3(transCaf)Ru)）, respectively. Eight new anthocyanins had three modification types , Galactosylation modification, methylation modification and coffee acylation modification were all first reported in Rosa genus. The correlation analysis between anthocyanins and CIElab parameters showed that Cy3CafG and Cy3(cisCaf）DmG were positively correlated with petal redness (a*), Cy3Gal and Cy3(transCaf)DmG were significantly positively correlated with petal yellowness (b*) and luminance (L*), and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.5. This study provides a theoretical reference for the precise identification of anthocyanins in Rosa plants and the study of the mechanism of flower color formation, and provides a theoretical basis for molecular breeding of Rosa plants
    Research progress on oil-bearing roses
    Zhang Lei, KOU Yaping, DUAN Mingao, WANG Xiaofei, JIA Ruidong, ZHAO Xin, Li Qiuxiang, GE Hong, YANG Shuhua
    Available online:  March 08, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231231002
    [Abstract] (8) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.06 M] (104)
    Abstract:
    As an important woody spice resource in the world and medicinal edible plant in China, oil-bearing Rose has a long history in cultivation and industrial application. Rose essential oil extracted from rose petals are widely used as supplementary in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food processing fields. Its yield and quality rely on various factors, such as varieties, cultivation area, cultivation condition, extraction methods. The Rosa genus plant resources are abundant in China, but the deep processing technology of rose essential oil lagged behind. There is a need of summary on the characteristics of domestic oil-bearing roses and the current application status of rose essential oil. This study summarized the cultivation types and current situation of oil-bearing roses, the extraction technology of rose essential oils, relevant industry standards, chemical composition, and pharmacological effects. We also proposed recommendations on exploration and utilization of oil rose resources, establishment and optimization of extraction methodologies, improvement of relevant standards, expansion of production application field, and establishment of bioactivity research system. We aim to provide reference for the future development of China''s rose industry and provide theoretical guidance for the innovative utilization of Rosa genus plant resources in China.
    Cloning and functional analysis of nonspecific lipid transfer proteins nsLTP2-1 and nsLTP2-2 in lavender
    Zhang Xiaxia, Chen Lingna, Yang Yang, Zhao Jingru, Chen Yongkun
    Available online:  March 04, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231220007
    [Abstract] (25) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.78 M] (155)
    Abstract:
    Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) play a crucial role in the transport and secretion of lipids in plants. In this study, two type II nsLTP genes were cloned, namely nsLTP2-1 and nsLTP2-2, from Lavandula angustifolia. The analysis of sequence characteristics revealed that the nsLTP2-1 and nsLTP2-2 genes encode 119 and 117 amino acids, respectively, which exhibit conserved lipid transfer proteins (LTP) domains and 8 highly conserved cysteine residues. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genes are located in separate branches and share the closest genetic relationship with Perilla frutescens, a member of the Labiatae family. The analysis of gene expression showed that both genes exhibit high expression levels in flower buds, while exhibiting comparatively reduced levels. However, notable disparities in expression were observed in the calyx, with nsLTP2-1 and nsLTP2-2 demonstrating higher expression levels in mature and young calyxes, respectively. The expression of two genes in flower buds and leaves was significantly inhibited by the treatment involving gibberellin and methyl jasmonate. Specifically,Dark treatment and gibberellin treatment significantly inhibited the expression of the two genes in bud and leaf. In the buds, abscisic acid and light treatment induced their expression, In the leaf, methyl jasmonate and ethylene induced the expression of nsLTP2-1 and nsLTP2-2, respectively. The subcellular localization of the yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) fusion protein demonstrated that both nsLTPs were localized on the cell membrane and cell wall, indicating they may be related to the transport of secondary metabolites. These findings provide a fundamental basis for elucidating the role of lavender lipid transfer protein in lipid and terpenoid transportation.
    Identification and GWAS Analysis of Soybean Germplasm with High Content of Four Free Amino Acids
    xiongyawen
    Available online:  March 01, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240108002
    [Abstract] (32) [HTML] (0) [PDF 959.64 K] (139)
    Abstract:
    Soybean grains are rich in amino acids and are important components of soybean quality, with high nutritional value and physiological functions. Therefore, breeding soybean varieties with high levels of free amino acids can assist in high-quality soybean breeding and is of significant practical importance for innovative development of the soybean industry. In this study, 264 soybean varieties were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the levels of four free amino acids: arginine, glycine, glutamic acid, and lysine in dried soybean grains. The results showed that arginine had the highest content among the free amino acids, followed by glutamic acid, and glycine had the lowest content. Three soybean varieties with high levels of these four free amino acids were selected: Haimen Yang 104, Liaoxian Bean 12, and Guanyun Dasiyu. Whole-genome association analysis was performed combining the phenotype and genotype data of the natural soybean population for the four amino acids, and significant SNP loci associated with the four amino acids in soybean were identified. This provides a basis for subsequent identification of candidate genes related to high levels of amino acids in soybeans, thereby accelerating soybean variety improvement and facilitating molecular breeding of soybeans.
    Advances in Research on UDP-Glycosyltransferases in Ornamental Plants
    Wei Guo, Gu Yuqing, Feng Liguo
    Available online:  February 23, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231007003
    [Abstract] (31) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.28 M] (170)
    Abstract:
    The vast diversity of secondary metabolic compounds in plants arises from the myriad of molecular modifications they undergo. One such modification that is vital for plant growth and development is glycosylation. Glycosyltransferase (GT), as the enzyme central to catalyzing the synthesis of glycosylation products, includes the UGT family, which primarily utilizes Uridine diphosphate (UDP) as the glycosyl donor. Plant glycosylation reactions play a pivotal role in regulating the solubility, stability and bioactivity of various plant metabolisms. They are closely associated with plant quality traits and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Glycosyltransferases, the key enzymes that facilitate glycosylation product biosynthesis, have garnered significate attention in recent years as a trending topic. In this paper, we review the structural and catalytic features, reaction types, functional classifications of glycosyltransferases in ornamental plants. Additionally, we also summarize current research progress on modifying hormones, terpenoids, and flavonoids in ornamental plants using UDP-glycosyltransferases. This modification affects. flower color, leaf color, leaf shape, and plant adversity as well as functional compound composition. This summary can serve as a reference for further investigation into the metabolic regulation of ornamental plants. It also provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing the floral quality of ornamental plants, strengthening their ability to cope with stress . Additionally, it will aid in the cultivation of new plant varieties with special functions and the development of functional plant-based compounds from the same source of food and medicine.
    Characterization of three ms3 mutants in soybean (Glycine max)
    (Yuxue Zhu, Yuanyuan Huang, Yan Xu, Aigen Fu, Min Xu, Junping Yu
    Available online:  February 20, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231231004
    [Abstract] (30) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.47 M] (249)
    Abstract:
    Soybean male sterile lines play vital value for developing soybean heterosis, but the three-line hybridization has some problems such as limited source of restorer lines, while environmental sensitive genic males sterile (EGMS) can change fertility under different conditions, which is a good solution to this problem. Based on previous reports that ms3 may be an EGMS material, the phenotypes and mutation sites of three independent mutants of ms3 (Washington), ms3 (Flanagan) and ms3 (Plainview) were further studied in this paper. The results showed that only sporadic black pollen grains with irregular shape were stained by I2-KI dye in the anthers of these three mutants. High-through sequencing results showed that the mutated site of ms3 (Washington) and ms3 (Flanagan) were consistent with previous reports named ms3-1, with a large fragment insertion occurred in the PHD coding region of the third exon of MS3, leading to the destruction of the PHD domain of MS3 protein. ms3 (Plainview) is missing an A in the first exon of MS3, resulting in frameshift mutation with an open read frame encoding only 40 amino acids, complete loss of protein function, this allele is named ms3-2. semi-thin section analysis also showed that the tapetum layer and pollen development of ms3 (Plainview) were abnormal in the middle and late anther development. In addition, we designed molecular markers for the detection of ms3-1 and ms3-2 genotypes. In summary, the results of this study provide tools and materials for the application and transformation of ms3.
    Progress on Studies of Resistance Genes and Molecular Markers of Soybean Mosaic Virus
    WANG Dagang, HUANG Zhiping, YANG Yong, LI Jiekun, WU Qian
    Available online:  February 01, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231222004
    [Abstract] (31) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.39 M] (262)
    Abstract:
    Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) occurs in nearly all soybean-growing areas worldwide and it causes severe yield loss and seed quality reduction in soybean. This review summarizes the progress of recent studies regarding molecular markers discovery for SMV resistance, and discusses how the pyramiding of multiple molecular markers has been utilized to facilitate breeding of soybean varieties resistant to SMV. Many recent studies focus the identification of physical position of SMV resistance genes, and further propose many candidate genes based on sequence variation, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats) /Cas9 etc. In addition, this study highlights the understanding of the molecular mechanism of SMV–soybean interactions and the genes conferring SMV resistance, and further provides perspectives for future studies, which will be helpful for applying the markers or mechanism for SMV resistance breeding.
    Genetic Basis and Breeding Application of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Soybean
    ZHANG Chun-bao, SUN Yan-yan, ZHAO Li-mei
    Available online:  January 26, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240113001
    [Abstract] (98) [HTML] (0) [PDF 467.12 K] (324)
    Abstract:
    Heterosis utilization is the main way to improve crop yield, which helps to solve the contradiction between the increasing population and limited arable land.The "three line" hybrid breeding system based on cytoplasmic male sterility is the main way to utilize crop heterosis.The "three line" hybrid breeding system has been carried out in soybean for nearly 30 years, and more than 40 hybrid soybean varieties have been approved and applied in production. This paper systematically elaborates the discovery and utilization of soybean cytoplasmic male sterility line, the genetic and molecular mechanisms of sterility and fertility recovery.Based on the analysis of the current situation, the problems and solutions in the "three line" hybrid soybean breeding are put forward, aiming to provide new ideas for the research and application of soybean heterosis.
    Research progress of functional genes in wild soybean
    ZHI Jian-yi, GAO Chao-sheng, YUAN Jia-zhi, SUN Ming-ming, DONG Li-dong
    Available online:  January 26, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231208002
    [Abstract] (51) [HTML] (0) [PDF 706.21 K] (309)
    Abstract:
    Wild soybean (G. soja Sieb. Zucc.) is a close ancestor species of cultivated soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), which has lost a large number of genes or allelic variants in the process of domestication, leading to genetic bottlenecks in variety selection and improvement in current cultivated soybean. Wild soybean is widely distributed in China and rich in germplasm resources, harboring potential genes for high protein, resistance to diseases and pests, drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance, etc. Reintroducing these excellent allelic variants into modern cultivated soybean varieties using molecular design breeding techniques, can not only promote human understanding of soybean evolution and development history, but also effectively broaden soybean genetic diversity. In recent years, a large number of scientists have invested in the research of exploring excellent allelic variants in wild soybean. This paper reviews the favorable traits of wild soybean resources and the progress of research on the discovery of the corresponding genes, and discusses the potential application of these genes in future cultivated soybean breeding, and provide a new breeding idea and strategy for breeding and improving new varieties in soybean.
    Cloning and Expression Pattern Analysis of GmSBPC Associated with Soybean Cyst Nematodes
    SONG Gengchen, QU Shuo, HU Shihao, LIU Fang, SUN Haowen, ZHAO Xue, HAN Yingpeng
    Available online:  January 15, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231211003
    [Abstract] (41) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.27 M] (324)
    Abstract:
    SBPC transcription factors are mainly involved in many aspects of plant growth and development, signal mediation, and adversity stress, etc. In this study, we screened the differentially expressed gene GmSBPC with RNA-seq data of physiological microspecies stress of soybean cyst nematode No. 3 of Black Agro37 (sensing) and Dongnong L10 (resisting), and carried out bioinformatics on the spatial structure of the protein encoded by the gene, the physicochemical properties of the protein and the affinity of the gene Bioinformatics analysis. GmSBPC was cloned from disease-resistant Dongnong L10 cDNA and constructed by overexpressing pCAMBIA3300-GmSBPC in Agrobacterium tumefaciens K599 for soybean hairy root infestation. Recombinant pCAMBIA1302-GmSBPC was analysed for subcellular localisation. Nematode soils were planted with Dongnong L10 (resistant) and Dongnong 50 (susceptible), and roots, stems, and leaves were taken from SCN stress treatments on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15, respectively, to analyse gene expression patterns by qRT-PCR. The results showed that GmSBPC protein encoded 146 amino acids, an insoluble protein, with 28.08% of α-helical region; 15.75% of elongated structure and 56.16% of irregular curls. Overexpression of hairy roots reduced the number of nematodes per unit area compared with wild-type soybean; subcellular localisation results showed that the gene was localised in the nucleus of the cell, the Under SCN stress, the expression patterns of Dongnong 50 and Dongnong L10 roots were firstly increased and then decreased, and the overall expression level of Dongnong L10 roots > Dongnong 50 roots, and the highest expression was found in Dongnong L10 roots at 12 days, which was the J2 period of nematode infestation in soybeans. Therefore, we determined that this gene was responsive to nematode stress, and we assumed that this gene was involved in the stress response of SCN. These results provide a basis for further understanding of the multiple functions of the GmSBPC gene in stress response, and these findings help to further explore the physiological functions of the SBPC gene in soybean stress tolerance.
    Research progress of NAC transcription factors in ornamental plants
    泽宜 邓, Luo Le, YU Chao, Zhang Qixiang, Sui Yunji
    Available online:  January 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231013003
    [Abstract] (31) [HTML] (0) [PDF 836.11 K] (337)
    Abstract:
    The NAC transcription factor family is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factor families and plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development. It has been extensively studied in model plants and crops, including secondary cell wall development, seed germination, root development, leaf senescence, flower organ formation and fruit maturation. It also mediates plant responses to biological and abiotic stresses, However, there is still a lack of systematic combing and discussion in the research of ornamental plants. This review introduces the structure and classification of NAC transcription factors. The biological functions of NAC transcription factor in ornamental plant organ growth and development (leaf border morphogenesis, flower organ development, leaf senescence, petal senescence, seed ball dormancy), and stress response (water, salinity, temperature, heavy metals and biological stress) in recent 20 years were reviewed. Finally, in view of the fact that most of the NAC transcription factors in ornamental plants are still in the stage of functional exploration such as bioinformatics analysis and expression pattern analysis, the future research of NAC transcription factors in ornamental plants is proposed from four aspects.
    Identification of Salt-tolerant Germplasm Resources in Soybean Seedlings and Genetic Diversity Analysis
    峰 林
    Available online:  January 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231128003
    [Abstract] (31) [HTML] (0) [PDF 952.60 K] (341)
    Abstract:
    Saline soil is one of the main types of marginal soil, and the use of marginal land for farming is an effective way to slow down the shortage of arable land. In order to screen soybean germplasm resources with strong salt tolerance and improve soybean yield in saline soils. In this study, 392 soybean germplasm resources from different geographic regions at home and abroad were treated with 150 mmol L-1 NaCl for seedling salt stress, seedling salt tolerance was identified using the single-plant classification and documentation method, the salt damage index was calculated, the salt tolerance grade was determined, and molecular-assisted identification and genetic diversity analysis were performed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on soybean germplasm resources with high tolerance and tolerance salt grades. Polymorphism information content analysis, similarity coefficient analysis, cluster analysis and other methods were applied to comprehensively evaluate the soybean germplasm resources of high tolerance and tolerance salt grades. The results showed that 58 high tolerance and salt-tolerant soybean germplasm resources were screened, including 14 high tolerance soybean germplasm resources, such as Chi Dou 1, Ji Yu 303 and Dong Nong 69, and 44 salt-tolerant soybean germplasm resources, such as Hei Nong 51, Hu Jiao 11-359 and Hei He 35. The SSR molecular markers linked to salt tolerance genes, such as Sat_091 and Satt339, were useful for the identification and genetic diversity analyses of 58 soybean germplasm resources screened. The average identification efficiency was 43.45% and the average accuracy was 68.46%, of which the molecular markers Satt462 and Satt201 had the highest identification efficiency of 60.34% and the molecular marker Satt201 had the highest accuracy of 96.55%. Cluster analysis showed that the similarity coefficients among the 58 soybean germplasm resources ranged from 0.5385 to 0.9231, with an average value of 0.6974 and a correlation coefficient of 0.6240, indicating that most of the 58 soybean germplasm resources were genetically close, and the genetic diversity was relatively low, and that the 58 soybean germplasm resources were not clustered geographically, but most of them were geographically identical or had the same place of origin in a taxon or subgroup. However, most of the germplasm resources in a taxon or subgroup are geographically the same or relatively close to each other.
    Identification and Expression Analysis of Chitinase Genes in Wild and Cultivated Soybeans
    Zhang Hua, Li Na, Xing Xinzhu, Shao Zhenqi, Li xihuan, Zhang Caiying
    Available online:  January 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231125001
    [Abstract] (31) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.15 M] (323)
    Abstract:
    Chitinase is a kind of glycosyl hydrolases (GH) which hydrolyzes the chitin, chitosan and other polymers. Chitinase plays an important function in the plant growth and development, as well as in the resistant process to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the tissue expression patterns and responses to diverse stresses of chitinase genes in soybean are still unclear, which limited its application in genetic improvement. In view of this, the chitinase family genes were identified in the wild soybean (Glycine soja) and cultivated soybean (Glycine max), and the expression patterns were analyzed in the present study. The results showed that 62 and 55 Chitinase is a kind of glycosyl hydrolases (GH) which hydrolyzes the chitin, chitosan and other polymers. Chitinase plays an important function in the plant growth and development, as well as in the resistant process to diverse stresses. However, the tissue expression patterns and responses to diverse stresses of chitinase genes in soybean are still unclear, which limited its application in genetic improvement. In view of this, the chitinase family genes were identified in the wild soybean (Glycine soja) and cultivated soybean (Glycine max), and the expression patterns were analyzed in the present study. The results showed that 62 and 55 chitinase genes were identified in the wild and cultivated soybeans, which located on 17 and 18 chromosomes, respectively. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the chitinase genes were divided into five categories, with Class III and Class V belonging to the GH18 subfamily, while Class I, Class II and Class IV belonging to the GH19 subfamily. Further analysis found many cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of chitinase genes responding to various plant hormones and stresses. Further gene expression analyses in cultivated soybean showed that the chitinase genes presented differential expressions in different tissues and under different stress conditions, reflecting the function diversity of chitinase genes in soybean. Among these genes, Glyma.01G142400 and Glyma.13G346700 were strongly induced in the leaves of resistant variety after soybean mosaic virus inoculation, Glyma.03G254300 and Glyma.20G164600 were induced in soybean roots after low phosphorus treatment, and Glyma.08G259200 and Glyma.19G245400 were induced in soybean nodules under low phosphorus condition. Gene expression analyses in wild soybean showed that the chitinase genes presented differential expressions in different tissues and after salt stress, among which Glysoja.02G002604 and Glysoja.02G002940 were highly induced in the leaves of tolerant variety after salt treatment. These results provide important references for further utilizing the chitinase genes in soybean genetic improvement.
    Functional Analysis of Aluminum-Activated Malate Transporter Family Protein GmALMT8 in Soybean
    Chen Huatao
    Available online:  December 04, 2023 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230927001
    [Abstract] (57) [HTML] (0) [PDF 599.51 K] (365)
    Abstract:
    Fresh flavor is the key factor of the taste quality of vegetable soybean, and its formation is closely related to organic acids. It is of great practical significance to study the synthesis mechanism of organic acids for the quality improvement of vegetable soybean. In this study, candidate genes GmALMT8, GmIF7GT5 and GmAP, which are significantly related to malic acid content, were used in vegetable soybean hairy root system to explore their functions in regulating malic acid content. The results showed that GmALMT8 gene expression and malic acid content in GmALMT8-OE hairy root were significantly higher than that in no-load control hairy root.. In view of the reported malic acid transport function of ALMT family genes, it is speculated that GmALMT8 gene in vegetable soybean may have similar functions and play an important role in regulating malic acid content. The genetic transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana further proved that stable expression of GmALMT8 could increase malic acid content, and it was clear that GmALMT8 gene had a biological function of regulating malic acid content in vegetable soybeans, which laid a theoretical foundation for the study of molecular regulatory mechanisms of organic acid accumulation.
    Cloning and Functional Characterization of the GmDUF247-1 Gene in Response to Saline-alkaline Stress in Soybean
    GU Qian-nan, KONG Rui-wen, SUN Ming-zhe, LI Jian-wei, SUN Xiao-li
    Available online:  April 03, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (32)
    Abstract:
    China's saline and alkaline land is widely distributed and large in area, which is an important reserve arable land resource and a "potential granary" for increasing food production. Soil salinization and alkalization often occur in conjunction with each other, and saline-alkaline stresses are more damaging to soybean than salt and alkaline stresses alone. Mining the genes that negatively regulate soybean"s tolerance to saline-alkaline, and creating new varieties of soybean tolerant to saline-alkaline through gene knockout is one of the effective ways to rationally develop and utilize saline and alkaline land, and to increase the yield of soybean in China. The group pre-screened one gene, Glyma.02g271000 (GmDUF247-1), which was down-regulated and expressed under salinity stress by sequencing and analyzing the transcriptome of soybean under saline-alkaline treatment. Our group screened one candidate gene Glyma.02g271000 (GmDUF247-1) in response to salinity stress by sequencing and analyzing the transcriptome of soybean under saline-alkaline treatment. The GmDUF247-1 protein contains one DUF247 structural domain and one transmembrane structural domain, and the GmDUF247-1-GFP fusion protein was found to be localized to the cell membrane using transient expression in tobacco leaves. The results of fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the GmDUF247-1 gene had the highest expression in soybean roots, and its expression was significantly down-regulated under saline-alkaline treatment. To investigate the salinity tolerance function of GmDUF247-1, the tolerance of plants overexpressing GmDUF247-1 soybean hairy root complex under saline-alkaline was analyzed, and the results showed that, compared with the empty vector control, plants overexpressing GmDUF247-1 soybean hairy root showed more severe leaf wilting, a significant reduction in survival time, and a significant suppression of the relative growth of root length and plant height after saline-alkaline stress treatment. The relative growth of root length and plant height was significantly inhibited. It was hypothesized that GmDUF247-1 might act as a negative regulator in the response to salinity stress in soybean. In this study, we further analyzed the haplotypes of GmDUF247-1 gene in the natural population of soybean, and found that the promoter region of this gene has eight SNPs and four InDels, which can lead to alterations in the binding of transcription factors and elements, including DNA elements related to the response to adversity and growth and development. Three haplotypes of the CDS region of the GmDUF247-1 gene existed in this study. GmDUF247-1H1 genotype was subjected to significant artificial selection. This study lays an important research foundation for subsequent systematic studies on the salinity tolerance function and breeding utilization of the GmDUF247-1 gene.
    Sex Determination-Related Genes were Identified from the Monoecious Kiwifruit Flowers?
    WU Linhui, DONG Jiaqi, ZHENG Hao, QIU Dongliang, ZHANG Qiong, ZHONG Caihong
    Available online:  February 18, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231203001
    [Abstract] (26) [HTML] (0) [PDF 711.61 K] (205)
    Abstract:
    In order to explore the mechanism of domestication of kiwifruit dioecious plants into monoecious plants, transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of female and male flowers of '' MTH '' kiwifruit mutants were carried out in this study. The results showed that there were 337 differentially expressed genes between female and male flowers, with 241 genes u-regulated and 96 genes down-regulated in female flowers. The KEGG enrichment results of differentially expressed genes showed that compared with female flowers, the up-regulated genes in male flowers were mainly involved in the metabolism of amino sugars and nucleotide sugars and the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in secondary metabolite synthesis, carotenoid synthesis and other pathways. Through functional annotation analysis, 30 potential gender-related regulatory genes were identified, of which 5 were expressed in the secondary metabolite synthesis pathway. Moreover, seven differentially expressed genes were selected for qRT-PCR verification, and the results were consistent with the transcriptome data. In this study, the differentially expressed genes and functional annotation information of female and male flowers of '' MTH '' kiwifruit mutant were obtained, which provided a theoretical basis for monoecious kiwifruit breeding.
    Transcriptome analysis of leaf abscission zones post ethephon treatment in two lemon varieties
    Meichao Dong
    Available online:  February 18, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231031006
    [Abstract] (23) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.66 M] (199)
    Abstract:
    ''Allen Eureka'' is a bud variety of Eureka lemon with excellent fruiting traits, but severe winter defoliation affects the following year''s yield, and the response mechanism for its defoliation is currently unknown.Two lemon cultivars (‘Allen Eureka’ and ‘Yunning No. 1’) with various defoliation traits were used as materials to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of leaf abscission in lemons. The petiole abscission zone was collected at three different defoliation stages, namely, the predefoliation stage (E24), the middefoliation stage (E48), and the postdefoliation stage (E72). Comparison of differentially expressed genes between two lemon varieties with different degrees of winter defoliation by transcriptome sequencing. A total of 1400, 2466, and 935 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in CQ, CZ, and CH, respectively, and the number of DEGs in CZ was the largest. GO analysis revealed that the DEGs between the two cultivars were mainly enriched in processes related to heme binding, tetrapyrrole binding, oxidoreductase activity, iron ion binding and ranscription regulator activity in the defoliation stages. KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were concentrated in the E48 and involved plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, Plant-pathogen interaction, and MAPK signaling pathway - plant. By analyzing the genes with significant differential expression of the four pathways, the final screen yielded xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein (CL4G051299012_alt, CL0G071451012_alt, and CL4G051300012_alt), Indoleacetic acid-induced protein (CL9G066930012_alt, CL3G046634012_alt),Indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3 (CL2G041491012_alt), peroxidase (CL0G070710012_alt, CL2G041037012_alt, CL0G070975012_alt), β-glucosidase (CL7G062117012_alt, CL7G062118012_alt), Pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator AP2 (CL2G044356012_alt, CL8G064323012_alt) and Pathogenesis-related protein (CL9G066888012_alt, CL8G064323012 _alt) 15 genes that can be associated with the regulation of lemon leaf abscission.
    Analysis on Diversity of Fruit Phenotypic Characters of Wild Camellia oleifera from Different Provenances
    XING Kaifeng, XIE Haoxing, ZHANG Lidong, ZHOU Jun, Feng Liyun, ZHANG Huaxuan, Chen Shang, ZHAO Yao, Rong Jun, ZHANG Jian
    Available online:  February 05, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231117002
    [Abstract] (36) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.50 M] (223)
    Abstract:
    The study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of fruit phenotypic traits in wild Camellia oleifera from various seed sources, as well as to provide a theoretical basis for selecting superior C. oleifera cultivars and improving genetic germplasm resources. Eight fruit phenotypic traits of C. oleifera from diverse seed sources were statistically and analytically analyzed using various statistical methods, including analysis of variance, nested analysis of variance, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. This analysis involved 218 well-developed C. oleifera specimens from 16 provenances across nine provinces, including Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Anhui, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, and Guizhou. The results indicated a high variation in phenotypic traits among wild C. oleifera fruits from different provenances. The mean coefficient of variation for the 8 fruit phenotypic traits across 19 provenances ranged from 12.03% to 35.08%. The mean coefficient of variation between provenances (42.83%) exceeded that within provenances (23.99%), with a mean coefficient of phenotypic differentiation of 88.63%. The correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations among fresh fruit weight, fruit height, fruit diameter, skin thickness, fresh seed weight, and seed number per fruit, as well as significant negative correlations between skin thickness and seed yield. The principal component analysis demonstrated a cumulative contribution rate of 90.773% for the first three principal components, suggesting that these components largely encapsulated the phenotypic characteristics of wild C. oleifera fruits. Specifically, the first principal component mainly reflected fruit size, the second mainly reflected fruit seed rate, and the third mainly reflected fruit shape. The cluster analysis revealed that the 16 seed sources were initially categorized into A and B classes at Euclidean distance 10, and then further subdivided into distinct subclasses at Euclidean distance 5. The results indicated abundant variation in phenotypic traits among wild C. oleifera fruits, suggesting the selection of diverse seed sources as breeding materials based on breeding objectives.
    Research progress on black and red rice of special varieties
    Fang
    Available online:  February 02, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231224002
    [Abstract] (32) [HTML] (0) [PDF 470.70 K] (272)
    Abstract:
    Black and red rice in special varieties are rice resources that exhibit black or red seed coat due to pigment deposition. It is rich in nutrients, as well as physiological activator such as anthocyanins (procyanidins), flavonoids, and terpenes. Its nutrient substance and value are significantly higher than those of white rice. Rational utilization of nutrient-rich black and red rice resources, and creating excellent new germplasm and cultivating new varieties of black and red rice are of great significance to promote the development of special rice industry. In this study, the research history and resource distribution of black and red rice were introduced; the research progress in quality, yield, resistance, and development and utilization of black and red rice were summarized, especially for the latest research progress in quality differences and formation mechanism of black and red rice. Finally, the weaknesses of current research on black and red rice were summarized, and prospects for future research directions on black and red rice were proposed.
    Preharvest Sprouting Resistance Test and Functional Markers Assisted Genotyping in Wheat Germplasm Resources
    gongchengru, yuanyuhao, 刘胜利, shenqinghua, gaoyan, liqiaoyun
    Available online:  February 02, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (31) [HTML] (0) [PDF 821.89 K] (265)
    Abstract:
    In order to identify the pre-harvest sprouting resistance of wheat germplasm resources, effective molecular markers for pre-harvest sprouting resistance were screened and excellent white grain wheat germplasm resources for pre-harvest sprouting resistance were excavated. In this study, pre-harvest sprouting resistance of 222 wheat germplasm resources was identified by whole-pre-harvest sprouting test in laboratory, and the functional molecular markers of 8 anti-pre-harvest sprouting genes, including myb10D, DFR-B, Vp1B3, PM19-A1, MFT-3A, MFT-A2, MKK3-A, QSD1, were used to detect the genotypes of the tested materials. Phenotypic identification results showed that there were significant differences in the indoor relative pre-harvest sprouting rate of 222 wheat germplasm resources. The relative pre-harvest sprouting rate ranged from 0.00 to 1.15, and the average relative pre-harvest sprouting rate was 0.73. 38 wheat were identified as resistant to pre-harvest sprouting, including 9 white wheat, 27 red wheat and 2 black wheat. Correlation analysis between allele types and relative pre-harvest sprouting rate showed that functional markers myb10D, DFR-B, Vp1B3, MFT-3A and MFT-A2 were significantly correlated with relative pre-harvest sprouting rate, while PM19-A1, MKK3-A and QSD1 were not significantly correlated with sprout resistance. These results indicated that molecular markers myb10D, DFR-B, Vp1B3, MFT-3A and MFT-A2 could be used for detection of pre-harvest sprouting resistance and marker-assisted breeding. Based on the results of phenotypic and genotype detection, nine white wheat germplasm resources with pre-harvest sprouting resistance were selected, including Yunong 914, Yunong 946, FengDecunmai 30, Fanmai 5, Xumai 029, Lianmai 1901, Baofeng 1903, Zhengmai 829 and 13wang27-8, which could be used for genetic breeding and variety layout of wheat pre-harvest sprouting resistance.
    Study on the Effect of Tomato Glycosyltransferase Gene SlUDP in Improving Cadmium Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana L.
    Meiyu Zhang, Yufang Ma, Yufang Luo, Xinxin Geng, Jing Guo, Xinxin Zhang, Chao Chen, Xiaoxia Jin
    Available online:  February 02, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231023002
    [Abstract] (22) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.75 M] (266)
    Abstract:
    Cadmium (Cd) stress severely limits plant growth, so it is particularly important to screen and identify genes related to cadmium tolerance in plants. In the early stage, we screened the transcriptome data to obtain tomato UDP-glycosyltransferase gene (SlUDP), which responds to cadmium stress in plants. In this study, we first cloned the full-length sequence of the coding region of SlUDP gene. Gene expression analysis showed that SlUDP was highly expressed in leaves and fruits, and its expression was up-regulated by cadmium stress. Yeast genetic transformation test showed that yeast strains containing INVSc1-pYES2-SlUDP showed certain tolerance under different concentrations of cadmium stress. SlUDP overexpression vector transformation model plant Arabidopsis Thaliana was constructed and overexpression Arabidopsis strain was obtained. When SlUDP overexpression occurs in Arabidopsis plants exposed to cadmium stress (40, 60, 80 μM) When used, its survival rate is>50%, while the survival rate of wild Arabidopsis is is<10%. At 60 μM CdCl2, compared with wild-type plants, the malondialdehyde content of SlUDP -overexpressed Arabidopsis plants decreased by about 1.4 times, and the soluble sugar content, superoxide dismutase activity and peroxidase activity increased by about 1.8, 2, 1.25 times. These results indicated that overexpression of SlUDP led to changes in the antioxidant enzyme system, increased the ability of plant to remove reactive oxygen species, reduced the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation, and gave plants better cadmium tolerance. In addition, the expression levels of metal ion transport-related genes (ZIP1, IRT1, COPT2 and CSD1) in overexpressed plants were 3.1, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1 times than those in wild type plants. These results suggest that tomato SlUDP gene may enhance plant tolerance to cadmium stress through active oxygen scavenging system and metal ion transport pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for the study of the role of glycosyltransferase gene in plant tolerance to cadmium stress, and provides candidate genes for molecular breeding of horticultural plant resistance.
    Research Progress on Floral Metabolism of Rhododendron
    滕新蕾, 胡国伟, 邹荣娴, 陶楚冰, 孟羽, 肖政, 赵宏波
    Available online:  January 31, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231121003
    [Abstract] (38) [HTML] (0) [PDF 538.63 K] (236)
    Abstract:
    Flower fragrance is a significant ornamental feature of ornamental plants. Rhododendron is a world-famous woody flower. Rhododendron is famous for its rich colors and diverse patterns, and its fragrance is an important indicator of its quality. Research has demonstrated that the floral compounds of Rhododendron consist predominantly of terpenoids, alcohols, esters, and ketones. Their release is influenced by the flower''s development state, release site, and environmental conditions. The analysis shows that terpenoids are the most important floral components of Rhododendron. Terpenoid synthase gene is the main regulatory gene in the metabolic pathway of floral substances in Rhododendron. Genome and metabolomics study found that the TPS family genes of R. ovatum were far more than those of other odorless Rhododendron plants. It is of great significance to study the floral composition and its biosynthesis pathway in different species and varieties of Rhododendron for aromatic breeding and comprehensive utilization. In this study, the determination and analysis methods of floral composition of Rhododendron plants, the aroma components of Rhododendron resources of different subgenera, the synthesis and release law of aroma, and the biosynthetic pathway of aroma and key genes were comprehensively discussed, which provided reference for the study of the genetic law of the synthesis and metabolism of main floral substances in Rhododendron and breeding new varieties with obvious characteristic fragrance.
    Evaluation of Wheat Pre-Harvest Sprouting Resistant Germplasm Resources and Their Preliminary application
    PAN Li-yuan, WANG Yong-jun, LI Hai-jun, HOU Fu, LI Jing, LI Li-li, SUN Su-yang
    Available online:  January 26, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231106003
    [Abstract] (30) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.56 M] (280)
    Abstract:
    Wheat pre-harvest sprouting reduces yield and flour quality significantly. It has been gradually aggravated in the Huanghuai region in recent times, jeopardizing the safety of wheat production in China, particularly in the Huanghuai region. Screening for pre-harvest sprouting resistant germplasm and available functional molecular markers is key to accelerating pre-harvest sprouting resistant breeding and mitigating its damage. In this study, 77 pre-harvest sprouting resistant germplasm identified naturally over many years and 128 advanced lines created from a rotational population introduced with five resistant germplasms were used as materials for pre-harvest sprouting resistance identification and evaluation by the whole-split germination and seed germination methods, as well as for identifying the distributions of the functional markers of spike germination, Vp1B3, Dorm-B1, and PM19, in the germplasm and evaluating the breeding effect of these markers. The results showed that 49.35% (38 out of 77) of germplasm resources reached the level of intermediate resistance, and 57.90% of them contained functional markers of Vp1Ba and/or Dorm-B1b for resistance, the germplasm resources of Xinong 172, Kalango, Huaimai 40 and Yunong 186 contained both of functional markers. Dwarf failing rotation selection had a high efficiency in improving resistance, with 36.72% (47) of the advanced lines achieved above intermediate resistance, of which 87.23% contained resistance loci and 8 (17.02%) contained two functional loci. The accumulation of resistance loci can enhance the level of resistance. In natural populations, the whole-split germination and seed germination decreased from 36.45% and 34.99%, respectively, in non-resistant individuals to 18.17 % and 25.87 % in individuals with two resistance loci The same pattern has been observed in advanced lines. There was a significant difference in the number of resistant loci between advanced materials and others, with a rate of 17.02 % for those with two markers compared to only 4.94 % for others indicating that using functional markers can significantly improve resistance. In this study, molecular markers and phenotypic characterization were combined for spike germination resistance germplasm screening, and germplasm innovation was carried out by using dwarf failing rotation selection, which provided a basis for accelerating the improvement of spike germination resistance level of wheat in the Yellow and Huaihai wheat areas.
    Evolutionary of bHLH Transcription Factor Family in Lilium and Cloning and Expression Analysis of Floral Scent Related Genes
    WU Qiong, LIU Jia-xin, ZHAO Ying-jie, LIANG Rui, HAN Mei-ling, LI Chao, DU Fang
    Available online:  January 24, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231202001
    [Abstract] (36) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.58 M] (269)
    Abstract:
    bHLH transcription factor are involved in many biological processes, such as growth, development, and abiotic stress response, and have been extensively studied in a variety of plants. However, a systematic analysis of the bHLH family in Lilium has not yet been conducted. In this study, based on the transcriptome data of Lilium, a total of 74 bHLH family proteins were identified, all of which were hydrophilic proteins, most of which were unstable proteins and did not contain signal peptides, and acidic proteins accounted for a large proportion. Domain analysis found that 25 conserved residues were ≥50% consistent, with R16, R17, L27 and L59 being highly conserved. In addition, 64 bHLH proteins can bind to DNA, including 58 E-box and 46 G-box bindings. Phylogenetic analysis divided lily bHLHs into 21 subfamilies. Based on the evolutionary tree, it was found that lily bHLHs may perform functions such as signal transduction, abiotic stress, plant growth and development, and substance synthesis, such as hormones, anthocyanins, ocimene and linalool. Unigene23213_All, CL1682.Contig2_All and CL8286.Contig2_All were cloned, with 97.30%-99.89% homology among varieties. The results of heat map semi-quantitative analysis showed that they were expressed in flowers, leaves and scales. The fundings of this research provide a valuable bHLH family information in lily and will be helpful in further study on functions of lily bHLH transcription factors.
    Fruit Phenotypic Traits Diversity Analysis and Kernel-using Germplasm Evaluation of Jujube Natural Population in Inner Mongolia
    LU Min, SHI Pengfei, LIU Xuefeng, YAN Ting, HAI Long, ZHANG Hongwu, BO Wenhao, WANG Liying
    Available online:  January 19, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231109001
    [Abstract] (26) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1016.87 K] (271)
    Abstract:
    To understand the variation characteristics of fruit phenotype of jujube resources in Inner Mongolia, and reasonably select excellent resources, statistical analysis, variance analysis and correlation analysis were used to compare and analyze the 10 jujube natural populations in this study. And their kernel-using value was comprehensively evaluated by hierarchical grey relational method. The results showed: (1) The jujube resources were rich in genetic variation of fruit characters among and within populations. The average coefficient of 16 fruit traits was 17.96%, while kernel-related traits were particularly high abundance. (2) Correlation analysis showed that there were different degrees of correlation between the fruit、stone and kernel. Furthermore, fruit and kernel size have significant positive correlation with longitude and latitude, but significant negative correlation with altitude. The single kernel content rate was significant negative correlation with the mean annual temperature. The effective medicinal components of kernel had no significant correlation with latitude、altitude、longitude and average annual rainfall. (3) The comprehensive evaluation model of jujube kernel-using value was established by hierarchy-gray correlation method. The evaluation results showed that the comprehensive quality for kernel-using from 10 jujube natural populations was: P8＞P5＞P1＞P7＞P2＞P9＞P4＞P3＞P6＞P10. Among which, the population from Hangjinqi-Wujier of Erdos have obvious advantages compared with other populations. This study provides a scientific basis for the protection and utilization of jujube resources, and provides germplasm basis for the breeding of kernel varieties.
    Characterizations of Transcriptional and Haplotypic Variations of SiGI in Foxtail Millet
    yaoqi, 智慧, 袁迪, 张彬, 贾冠清
    Available online:  January 19, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231130001
    [Abstract] (28) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.94 M] (310)
    Abstract:
    The heading date of foxtail millet is a key trait that determined the adaptability of varieties, and dissection of the transcriptional pattern and haplotype variations of key genes are important for promoting cultivars improvement. In this research, SiGI was identified by genome-wide association study (GWAS), which is a key regulator responsible for foxtail millet flowering. The expression profile of SiGI was analyzed, as well as subcellular localization of SiGI was performed by using protoplasts. The 24-hour rhythm expression pattern analysis of SiGI was performed by qRT-PCR under short-day (10 h light/14 h dark) conditions. Genetic and haplotypes diversity of SiGI coding and promoter regions were analyzed by using representative 697 millet varieties, and haplotype morphological effects of SiGI was also summarized. As a result, a significant correlation signal was identified at 11,062,649 bp on chromosome 5, which is closely related to heading date. SiGI was found near this locus, whose homologue is AtGI. SiGI was highly expressed in photoperiod-responsive tissues (roots, stems, leaves, etc.), and subcellular localization was located in the nucleus, and the expression level was up-regulated in the evening, showing a 24-hour rhythmic expression pattern. SiGI exhibits rich polymorphism in different foxtail millet varieties, and the relative expression of promoter haplotype Hp-6 was significantly upregulation by approximately 1.5-flod compared to Hp-3 (P=0.0083). Heading date of Hp-6 containing varieties were significantly earlier than other haplotypes under 8 environments, and the plant height of Hp-6 containing varieties were significantly reduced under 4 environments. SiGI haplotype Hp-6 has no obvious impact on yield, and can be used as the main haplotype for molecular breeding selection.
    Genome Identification and Expression Analysis of ARR-B Transcription Factors Family in Wheat
    Wang Chang-biao, Yin Yu-rong, Cheng Ze, Ren Yong-kang, Niu Yu-qi, Liu jiang, Han Bin, Yang Sheng, Tang Chao-hui
    Available online:  January 19, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231117001
    [Abstract] (54) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.16 M] (288)
    Abstract:
    The ARR-B gene family is a positive regulator of cytokinin signal transduction and plays an important role in plant growth and development and resistance to abiotic stress. However, there are few studies on the ARR-B gene family in wheat. In this study, 25 ARR-B gene family members were identified from wheat genome, and their physicochemical properties, gene structure, cis-acting elements and abiotic stress-induced expression patterns were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The results showed that all ARR-B genes exist in the nucleus, and the secondary structure of ARR-B protein is mainly α-helix and random crimp. ARR-B genes were not evenly distributed on wheat chromosomes, and the number of ARR-B genes was the highest on chromosome 7. In addition, multiple cis-acting regulatory elements related to growth and development, hormone response, and biological and abiotic stress have been identified in the promoter region of ARR-B. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the relative expression of TaARRM-like9、TaARRM-like10、TaARRM-like12 and TaARRM-like13 were significantly up-regulated under drought、salt and low temperature stress, which could respond to abiotic stress. This study laid a foundation for further research on the role of ARR-B transcription factor in plant development and wheat abiotic stress response.
    Identification of floral components and Functional Analysis of Key TPS Genes in Syringa oblata
    Wu Jing, ZOU Jirui, WANG Jinxuan, MA Bo, MENG Xin, HU Zenghui, LENG Pingsheng
    Available online:  January 19, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231117003
    [Abstract] (25) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.82 M] (296)
    Abstract:
    Terpene synthase (TPS) gene is a key gene in the biosynthesis pathway of terpenoids, playing a crucial role in plant terpene metabolism. In this study, the floral fragrance components of lilac petals in different flower development stages were identified and analyzed on the basis of optimizing the floral conditions of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) . The key candidate genes of SoTPS2 and SoTPS3 were selected by combining genome and transcriptome data, and their cloning and functional study were carried out. The results show that: (1) The optimal extraction condition was 30 ℃ for 40 min by analyzing the difference of types and release amount of volatile compounds under different extraction temperature and time; The total release of floral fragrance showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing during the four flower development stages, reaching the highest level at full flowering stage; Terpenes accounted for the highest proportion in the four periods, and monoterpene Ocimene released the highest amount. (2) The ORF of SoTPS2 and SoTPS3 genes was 731 and 1779 bp respectively, encoding 576 and 592 amino acids, and the encoded protein has Terpene_Cyclase_Plant_C1 conservative structural domain, belonging to Isoprenoid_ Biosyn_ C1 superfamily; The real-time PCR results showed that the expression of the two genes was the highest in the petals, with an increasing and then decreasing trend at different flower development stages, which was positively correlated with the release of ocimene. (3) The heterologous transient overexpression of SoTPS2 and SoTPS3 genes in the petals of Antirrhinum majus showed that the release of Ocimene was significantly increased by 10.91 and 23.67 times, respectively. In conclusion, the main the floral fragrance components of lilac petals are monoterpenes, with SoTPS2 and SoTPS3 as pathway downstream genes having a large effect on monoterpenes, especially ocimene.
    Study on fruit characteristics of apricot resources in Pamir Plateau of Xinjiang
    丁杰, 郭玲
    Available online:  January 19, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231106002
    [Abstract] (14) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.27 M] (279)
    Abstract:
    The characters of the pulp, seed core and sweet and bitter seed kernel of apricot from Pamir Plateau of Xinjiang were studied. Based on 60 fruits of seedling?breeding?were collected from 6 villages in the distribution area in Tashkorgan, 15 quality traits and 20 quantitative traits of fruit and seed core were determined, and their characteristics were identified by correlation analysis, principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the average soluble solid content of apricot fruit was 16.07%, among which 61.67% fruit soluble solid content was above 15%. The content of amygdalin in 60 samples ranged from 0.41 to 14.59 mg/g, among which 78.33% seed kernel was sweet kernel and amygdalin content ranged from 0.41 to 2.24 mg/g. 21.67% of seed kernel was bitter kernel, and the amygdalin content was between 2.76 and 14.59 mg/g. The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components was 83.255%, reflecting the basic information of these 20 quantitative traits could be reflected by single fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, single stone weight, stone-form index, fruit-form index, single stone weight, kernel rate, stone rate and stone thickness. And the comprehensive evaluation found that ''Kuke 9'', ''Kuke 13'', ''Kuer 11'' and ''Qiru 16'' were superior and could be used directly. Among them, higher total soluble solid and sweet kernel of fruit are important target traits for human domestication and introduction.
    Genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits of 143 Agropyron cristatum ( L.) Gaertn. germplasm resources in Inner Mongolia
    李 鸿 雁, li yuexuan, li jun
    Available online:  January 19, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231109006
    [Abstract] (22) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.23 M] (301)
    Abstract:
    A total of 143 (Agropyron cristatum ( L.) Gaertn.) germplasm resources from 10 cities and regions in Inner Mongolia were studied.Through the analysis methods of coefficient of variation, genetic diversity index, correlation, principal component, clustering and grey correlation,The diversity level of phenotypic traits of 143 samples of Agropyron cristatum ( L.) Gaertn. germplasm resources in Inner Mongolia was analyzed, and excellent germplasm resources were screened, which provided reference for germplasm resource innovation and variety breeding of Agropyron cristatum ( L.) Gaertn.The results showed that the 17 phenotypic traits of the species had great variation and rich genetic diversity. The coefficient of variation ranged from 93.92% to 11.47%, with an average of 42.80%. The coefficient of variation of leaf width was the highest, and the dispersion of seed length was the lowest. The genetic diversity index (H") ranged from 1.279 to 2.025, with an average of 1.72. The diversity index of glume length was the highest, and lowest for spikelet length.Correlation analysis shows significant or extremely significant correlations between various traits.Principal component analysis showed that the contribution rate of the first six principal component factors was 5.934% ~ 20.885%, and the cumulative contribution rate was 69.866%.The 143 germplasm were divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis, and the characters of each group were different and the characteristics were prominent. Class I had the best comprehensive traits, with prominent spikelet number and floret number, and had high yield potential, including 27 resources. The second type, containing 23 resources, had general traits and higher seed traits. The third type was poor in general character and long in plant height, containing 93 resources. Agropyron cristatum ( L.) Gaertn. species have abundant phenotypic genetic diversity.It is feasible to use the grey correlation method to comprehensively evaluate the germplasm of Agropyron cristatum ( L.) Gaertn. The comprehensive performance of the species of Agropyron cristatum ( L.) Gaertn. could be quantified, and the 1000-grain weight, spikelet number, Leaf tongue length, leaf width and leaf area were used as germplasm evaluation indexes.Selected excellent germplasm with coordinated comprehensive traits such as A-24, A-23, A-25, A-22, A-35, A-43, A-18 A.cristatum materials, and A-142, A-92, and A-136 A.cristatum var.pluriflorum materials, which can be used for genetic improvement and breeding of ice grass germplasm.
    Research Progress of the Techniques in Lily Breeding
    HAN Xin, YANG Liuyan, CHEN Minmin, LI Xin, YANG Yunyao, ZHANG Yongchun
    Available online:  January 19, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231016002
    [Abstract] (43) [HTML] (0) [PDF 578.18 K] (269)
    Abstract:
    Lilium spp. are perennial bulbous herbs with various types that include ornamental, edible, and medicinal lilies, with high economic value. The genetic background of lilies is complex, resulting in a high degree of heterozygosity. Additionally, their limited compatibility for crossbreeding, coupled with a long traditional breeding cycle and low breeding accuracy, make it challenging to efficiently and rapidly develop target lily varieties. Currently, modern breeding techniques, including crossbreeding, mutation breeding, ploidy breeding, protoplast fusion breeding, and genetic engineering breeding, have accumulated rich practical experiences in lilies, but their development and application are different. Therefore this paper reviews and summarizes the methods for overcoming the barriers of distant hybridization in lily hybrid breeding, the conditions for mutation breeding, the technical approaches mainly adopted for ploidy breeding including polyploid and haploid breeding, the conditions for protoplast isolation and fusion in protoplast fusion breeding, and the research progress in lily genetic transformation and gene editing systems in genetic engineering breeding. Based on this, various research cases of lily breeding methods and techniques are listed, and the problems and reasons faced by different techniques are analyzed. Furthermore, the future development and application prospects of lily breeding technology are discussed. aiming to provide valuable references for future research on lily breeding technology and its applications, and to provide a basis for the creation of more lily varieties.
    Transcriptomics of Glucose Metabolism in Quinoa Seeds under Drought Stress
    Chun Mei Wang, WANG Mei, WANG Hongxia, LU Chuan, WANG Xiaoxia, WEI Boxiang, LV Wei, MU Guojun
    Available online:  January 19, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231109002
    [Abstract] (40) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.03 M] (320)
    Abstract:
    Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has rich nutritional value and strong adversity resistance. In this study, two germplasm materials, "M059" and "M024", showing with fast and slow radicle growth, were treated by PEG-6000 hypertonic solution method to simulate drought stress, and comprison groups of C1vsD1, C2vsD2, C1vsC2, and D1vsD2 were adopted for RNA-seq analysis. The radicle length of M059 and M024 decreased by 68.65% and 71.43% respectively under 15% PEG treatment for 24h compared with water treatment for 24h. The contents of total soluble sugar, sucrose, glucose and fructose in M059 were 18.58%, 97.84%, 70.54% and 32.77% higher than those in M024 under water treatment for 24 h. The content of sucrose in M024 was 23.01% higher than that of M059 under 15% PEG treatment for 24h. The contents of total soluble sugar and glucose in M059 were 7.26% and 25.00% higher than those in M024, respectively, under 15% PEG treatment for 24h. Transcriptome sequencing results showed that 7042 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained under drought stress treatment. Venn analysis showed that there were a total of 211 commonable DEGs and 132, 1270, 578 and 914 unique DEGs in the four comparison groups. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that five GO Terms and three pathways were closely related to the molecular response of glucose metabolism in quinoa seeds under drought stress. The qRT-PCR results of the 10 key candidate genes (LOC110702784_AGAL2、LOC110719866_INV1、LOC110717843_TPPJ、 LOC29490_CELB、LOC110719843_bg1x、LOC110689796_SUS1、LOC110690728_MAN6、LOC110729879_HK2、LOC110712726_EGLC、 LOC110734349_FK7) were expressed consistent with that of the transcriptome results. The results of this study will provide reference for further analysis of the molecular regulatory mechanism under drought stress in quinoa.
    Salt tolerance evaluation of sunflower germplasm resources
    LI Yu-xiao, WANG Lei&, WANG Wei, LI Jun, WU Xie-rui, ZHU Zi-rong, WANG Lin, WU Jia-jun, TAN Mei-lian
    Available online:  January 15, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231130002
    [Abstract] (35) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.20 M] (293)
    Abstract:
    In order to assess and evaluate the differences of salt tolerance among sunflower germplasm accessions, in this study, 444 sunflower accessions were evaluated for salt tolerance at seed germination and seedling stage with 250 mmol/L NaCl, and salt tolerance experiments were carried out in saline-alkali soil conditions through out the whole growth period. The relative values of germination rate at germination stage, 6 indexes (survival rate, leaf area, plant height, SPAD value, fresh weight of above-ground part and fresh weight of underground part) at seedling stage and 7 indexes (plant height, sunflower diameter, seed setting rate, seed kernel rate, 100 grain weight, grain weight per plant, equivalent yield per 667m2) at whole growth stage were determined, and the salt tolerance was analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that there was a highly significant positive correlation between each two indexes at seedling stage, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.518-0.790. The correlation between most of the 7 indicators in the whole growth period reached a significant or extremely significant level; Based on these indexes, the analysis of correlation, principal component, membership function value, cluster and comprehensive salt tolerance evaluation were performed, and 132 salt resistant materials at germination stage, 9 at seedling stage, and 41 at whole growth stage were screened. Six accessions ("ZX0365", "ZX0389","ZX1391","ZX1394","ZX3089","ZX3094") showed above salt tolerance grade in the three periods with good comprehensive salt tolerance, which can be utilized for subsequent salt-tolerant gene mining and salt-tolerant variety breeding. The correlation analysis of the salt tolerance grades of these materials at the three stages showed that the identification results of each stage were significantly correlated, indicating that salt tolerance assessments at the seedling and germination stages can serve as effective references for the planting selection of salt-tolerant materials in saline-alkali soil. This study provided method and material basis for the selection of salt-tolerant sunflower varieties.
    Research Progress of Pennycress in the Resource Development and Utilization and the Iipid Metabolic Engineering Improvement
    LI rong, CAO meng, LI yanyi, CHEN jili, ZHANG honglin, ZHU yaoshun, LIU tao, XU xiaoyu
    Available online:  January 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231009005
    [Abstract] (34) [HTML] (0) [PDF 670.73 K] (285)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) belongs to the Thlaspi genus of the Cruciferae family, which is a dual-role herb plant of both medical and food usages. Pennycress has got strong ecological adaptability and can accumulate abundant oil in the seed, therefore harboring great values in the resource development and utilization. In some developed countries, benefited from the earlier commenced research, pennycress has already played an important role in the local agricultural production cycle. For instance, pennycress can be used as the typical winter cover crop to help ameliorate the soil arability, serving for the biodiesel preparation and replenishing the production of oil-bearing materials. By contrast, the comprehensive study and industrial development of pennycress in China is rather limited, which is still focused on the traditional Chinese medicine field and mostly being viewed as weed. With the rapid progress made in the modern life science research technology, advantages of pennycress have been increasingly revealed. As a result, the breeding improvement of pennycress via biotechnology has become possible. In this respect, metabolic engineering of the pennycress lipid property in order to develop novel vegetable oil, or even heterologously produce high-value fatty acid (e.g. nervonic acid etc.) has thus shown great potential. This paper has summarized and envisaged the most recent research progress in the pennycress resource development and utilization, as well as the lipid metabolic engineering improvement. Aiming to provide useful information for the fundamental, popularization and application research of pennycress in China.
    Evaluation on Main Biological Characters of host-plant Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum of Cistanche deserticola
    pangqingyun, maqingwen
    Available online:  January 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231023003
    [Abstract] (25) [HTML] (0) [PDF 919.53 K] (304)
    Abstract:
    Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum, belonging to the family Amaranthaceae, genus Haloxylon Bunge, serve as host plants for Cistanche deserticola. They are widely distributed in the arid zones of China. In this study, biological characteristics and agronomic traits of H. ammodendron and H. persicum were mainly compared by field observation and molecular identification. The results showed that there were significant differences in phenotypic characters, pollen structure and agronomic traits between H. ammodendron and H. persicum. Notably, the fruit wing length and assimilation branch length were significantly lower in H. ammodendron than compared to H. persicum. The pollen volume and surface particle structure of H. ammodendron were significantly smaller than those of H. persicum. Additionally, the pollen net of H. ammodendron exhibited a deep structure, while it was shallow and most of it protruding outwards in H. persicum pollens. The correlational analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the agronomic indexes of both H. ammodendron and H. persicum and climate factors such as temperature and humidity. Water and light are the primary limiting factors for the geographic distribution H. persicum in Junggar Basin of Xinjiang, while environmental adaptations of H. ammodendron were found to be stronger. H. ammodendron and H. persicum can be effectively identified by ITS barcode, and both of them can be parasitized by C. deserticola. However, the survival rate of C. deserticola were different. According to their biological characteristics, cultivating H. ammodendron is deemed suitable for the production of cistanches herba. This study provides a scientific basis for the identification and conservation of Haloxylon, as well as the selection of optimal hosts for C. deserticola.
    Effects of Low Nitrogen Stress on Amino Acid Levels and Transcriptome in Early Developmental Endosperm of Zea mays L.
    Yuxin Pan, Zhao Han, Ning Lihua
    Available online:  January 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231101002
    [Abstract] (43) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.13 M] (314)
    Abstract:
    Nitrogen is an essential nutrient element for maize (Zea mays L.) growth and development, yield, and grain quality formation. To explore the key genes and reveal the physiological and molecular mechanisms in maize kernels under low nitrogen stress, in this study, the contents of amino acids and amino acid derivatives, as well as transcriptome sequencing of B73 kernel at six days after pollination (6 DAP) were analyzed under both low nitrogen and sufficient nitrogen treatments. The results showed that: under low nitrogen stress, the contents of 10 amino acids or amino acid derivatives were increased, of which the contents of threonine, β-amino-isobutyric acid, histidine, β-alanine, and lysine were increased the most, with the increase ranged from 71.1 to 153.1 %; however, the contents of other 21 amino acids or amino acid derivatives were decreased, of which the contents of ornithine, cystine, asparagine, phenylalanine, and α-aminobutyric acid were decreased the most, with the decrease varied from 51.6 to 65.8 %. Transcriptomic analysis showed that compared with sufficient nitrogen treatment, the 3 185 and 2 612 significantly up-regulated and down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in maize kernel under low nitrogen stress, respectively; GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in cellular processes, metabolic processes, biological regulation, and stimulus responses; KEGG analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in cell signal, biological cycle rhythm regulation, as well as biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. In addition, a total of 12, 9, 20, 10, and 21 DEGs/differentially expressed transcription factors were further detected in the nitrogen metabolism pathway, cyanoamino acid metabolism pathway, as well as AP2/ERF-ERF, bZIP, and WRKY transcription factor families, respectively. Therefore, these candidate genes may be important gene resources for maize kernels response to low nitrogen stress, which may lay the foundation for the molecular mechanism of maize response to low nitrogen stress and develop low nitrogen tolerance maize varieties.
    Research Progress of Leaf Variegation in Ornamental Plants
    Ran Hao Ran
    Available online:  January 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231013002
    [Abstract] (31) [HTML] (0) [PDF 840.99 K] (318)
    Abstract:
    The diverse array of variegated leaf plant species is characterized by a rich tapestry of chromatic patterns adorning their foliage. These distinctive markings not only confer aesthetic significance as a pivotal ornamental trait in plants but also bear ecological and biological relevance. They play a crucial role in facilitating reproductive processes, acting as a deterrent against natural adversaries, and facilitating adaptation to environmental fluctuations. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the classification and formation of leaf variegation in ornamental plants. Based on distinctions in pigment accumulation and structural characteristics within leaf tissues, the microstructural categorization of variegation types is outlined, and the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf variegation formation are summarized. Existing research indicates that alterations in structural genes and transcription factors associated with pigment synthesis and metabolism, such as CHLH, DFR, CRD1, during leaf development, as well as mutations in genes related to organelle development and cell differentiation, including ZAT10 and VAR3, can directly or indirectly participate in leaf variegation formation by influencing differential pigment accumulation and altering leaf structure. While there have been numerous studies on the formation mechanisms of leaf variegation in ornamental plants, the genetic mechanisms underlying leaf variegation remain unclear. The reasons for differential gene expression in variegated leaf regions and the spatial distribution mechanisms of leaf variegation patterns are still areas requiring further investigation. Future research can involve the selection of model plants from variegated leaf species, building the pan-genome, integrating with multi-omics technologies such as pan-genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. This approach can be employed to explore the origin of leaf variegation, the adaptive responses of variegated leaf plants to their environment, and investigate the evolutionary mechanisms underlying important plant traits and environmental adaptation.
    Barley Leaf Stripe Resistant Identification and Association Analysis with SSR Markers in Barley germplasms
    YANG Wen Juan, SI Erjing, GUO Ming, WANG Yanxiu, ZHANG Huaizhi, REN Ruibin, MENG Yaxiong, LI Baochun, MA xiaole, WANG Huajun
    Available online:  January 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231031007
    [Abstract] (30) [HTML] (0) [PDF 846.59 K] (286)
    Abstract:
    Barley leaf stripe is one of the most serious diseases in barley. In order to determine the genetic differences of barley germplasm resistant barley leaf stripe and explore candidate markers associated with resistant to barley leaf stripe resistance genes. In this study, we identifited the genetic diversity and population structure of 137 barley germplasms by 97 pairs of SSR markers and combined them with the results of resistance identification for association analysis. The results showed that 18 accessions were identified to be complete resistance (no diseased symptoms), 27 highly resistant, 28 resistant, 42 susceptible, and 22 highly susceptible by artificial inoculation with QWC of Pyrenophora graminea. 651 alleles were detected in 85 primer pairs, with an average of 7.57 alleles detected per primer. The genetic diversity index ranged from 0.0401 to 0.8646, with an average value of 0.5799. PIC ranged from 0.0393 to 0.8498, and the average was 0.5155, the genetic distances ranged from 0.1021 to 0.4807, with an average of 0.2774, indicating the overall relationship is relatively distant. The 137 barley germplasms were divided into four categories by Cluster analysis and population structure analysis, each including 30, 16, 15,76 materials. A total of seven markers significantly (P<0.05) associated with barley leaf stripe resistance were obtained based on the general linear modelling method, with the explained rates ranging from 5.8 % to 17.89 %. The marker with the highest explained rate was EBmatc0039 and the one with the lowest explained rate was Bmag603. The results of this study can provide reference for Pyrenophora graminea resistance in breeding barley.
    Fruit Traits Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Sterculia monosperma Vent. Germplasms
    罗培四, 黄丽君, 卢美瑛, 李文砚, 蒋娟娟, 韦优, 颜桢灵, 赵静, 周婧
    Available online:  January 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231118001
    [Abstract] (25) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.14 M] (295)
    Abstract:
    In an effort to effectively conserve and exploit the germplasm resources of Sterculia monosperma Vent., a comprehensive assessment and diversity analysis was conducted on 70 germplasms of this species. This study employed a robust set of statistical methodologies including diversity, cluster, correlation, principal component, and stepwise regression analyses. Variability in thirteen fruit traits was examined, with the coefficient of variation ranging between 7.80% and 42.94%. Notable variability was observed particularly in traits such as single fruit weight, single fruit seed weight, starch content, soluble sugar content, and soluble protein content. The genetic diversity index across these traits spanned from 1.57 to 2.04, with the seed-form index, starch content, seed longitudinal diameter, and fruit seed number displaying higher diversity indices, indicative of a substantial genetic variation. Through cluster analysis, the germplasms were segregated into four groups, with Group II consisting of 15 resources identified as larger fruit-bearing and aesthetically superior, aligning with market preferences and breeding objectives. Principal component analysis elucidated that the primary four components accounted for 74.46% of the total variance in the 13 assessed fruit traits. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation yielded a score range (F) from -2.95 to 3.35 for the fruit traits, with germplasms S009, S021, S011, S036, and S028 demonstrating superior comprehensive attributes. Finally, stepwise regression analysis delineated four pivotal trait indicators—single fruit seed weight, seed weight, soluble sugar content, and seed transverse diameter—as essential for the holistic assessment of the Sterculia monosperma Vent. fruit traits. These indicators are proposed to guide future conservation strategies and breeding programs for this species.
    Research progress on the synthesis and regulation mechanism of Lilium fragrance substances
    YANG Yunyao, ZHANG Yongchun, CHEN Minmin, HAN Xin, YANG Liuyan
    Available online:  January 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231016001
    [Abstract] (23) [HTML] (0) [PDF 580.36 K] (306)
    Abstract:
    Lilium spp. is native to China and holds an important and special position in China''s flower industry. Floral fragrance is a significant label for its ornamental traits, but due to insufficient in-depth analysis of floral fragrance synthesis and regulatory mechanisms, it is difficult to support precise modification of floral fragrance, resulting in a slow process of floral fragrance breeding. It has been shown that the main floral components of different fragrance types vary greatly, and the differences between strongly scented lilies and lightly scented lilies are mainly concentrated in terpenoids, while the sampling period, location, environment, hormones and so on will lead to changes in floral components. Currently, the key genes of terpenoid synthesis pathway and the upstream regulators have been researched, while there are still many unanswered questions about the functional analysis of the genes of the metabolic pathway of other floral components and the molecular regulatory mechanism. In-depth exploration and utilization of lily floral fragrance genes and improvement of related metabolic pathways and regulatory networks may be the next research focus of lily floral fragrance. In this paper, we review and summarize the previous research on lily floral fragrance, and put forward the prospect of the later research direction, in order to provide a reference for the subsequent research on the molecular regulatory mechanism of lily floral fragrance, and provide a reference for the directional cultivation of new lily varieties with pleasant fragrance.
    The Soybean Stamen-preferentially Expressed Gene GmARFA1a Regulates Seed Setting Rate by Controlling Pollen Germination
    YAO Shi-en, WANG Yi-fan, WANG Ning, ZHOU Ming-hui, CHEN Yi-fei, ZHANG Man-ting, LI Jia-xin, FANG Xiao-long, LI Mei-na
    Available online:  January 05, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231130003
    [Abstract] (37) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.57 M] (319)
    Abstract:
    Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a self-pollinating crop, and producing hybrids through artificial emasculation is not only comprehensive and time-consuming but also expensive. Large-scale seed production, using a male sterile cultivar as the female parent and relying on wind or insects for pollination, provide an effective solution to the challenges in soybean hybrid production. Understanding the function of the male sterility gene is a prerequisite for harnessing heterosis in soybean. Up until now, only a few loci of male sterility had been reported in soybean, and progress in molecular cloning and functional analysis of related genes has been slow. Advancements in biotechnology and soybean genetic transformation system have made it possible to employ reverse genetics for studying the function of soybean male sterility genes. The transcriptomic data indicated that the small G protein encoding gene GmARFA1a is regulated by both the male sterility gene MS1 (Male Sterile 1) and MS2, data from the public library indicated that GmARFA1a expression was the highest in unopened soybean flowers, and the qRT-PCR data demonstrated that GmARFA1a is preferentially expressed in stamen before flowering. Functional analysis revealed that the Gmarfa1a mutants generated through CRISPR/Cas9 technology exhibited a significant reduction of pollen grain germination and seed setting rate. In this study, we identified the GmARFA1a gene and uncovered its function on male fertility in soybean. It will not only enhance our understanding of the GmARFA1a and ARF gene families but also lay the foundation for further study the function of GmARFA1a genes and the utilization of heterosis in soybean.
    Study on the Correlation between Chlorophyll Synthesis Metabolism and Skin Color Formation in Skin of Tender Fruit of Zucchini（Cucurbita pepo L.）
    LI Ke-yue, WANG Dan-dan, LIU Jiang-tao, SHEN Qiong, GAI Shao-jie, WU Jun-xin
    Available online:  January 02, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231019002
    [Abstract] (38) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.84 M] (327)
    Abstract:
    In order to explore the excellent germplasm resources of Cucurbita pepo L. and improve the selection efficiency of elated to emerald (vivid) green appearance quality, this study conducted a classification of different skin color of tender fruit used a color difference instrument on 54 self bred lines of zucchini created by our unit, and based on seven representative materials ( including four key ),the correlation between chlorophyll synthesis metabolism and its skin color formation in the skin of tender fruit was analyzed .The results showed that chlorophyll was the main pigment that determined the skin color of tender fruit of partial white, light green, emerald (vivid) green, and deep colors (green and dark green). Among them, the content of chlorophyll a accounted for 49.20% to 60.58% of the total content. The content of chlorophyll a was the main reason for determining the deep and light skin color. The emerald (vivid) green skin with the most vibrant and greenish color had significantly higher chromaticity value (C) than other skin color, while chlorophyll a/b and the red green value (a*) were significantly higher and lower respectively than partial white, light green, and dark green. The chlorophyll of synthesis of skin of tender fruit in dark green, emerald (vivid) green, and partial white was hindered by two points: PBG→Urogen III, and Coprogen III→Proto-IX. However, the latter transition stage was the main reason in the chlorophyll synthesis blocked, and sudden decrease of chlorophyll content of partial white and emerald (vivid) green. There was a significant correlation between chlorophyll synthesis weaken and chlase in chlorophyll metabolism enzyme activity enhance degradation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities weaken, those also the reason of partial white skin color. SOD and CAT activities in antioxidant enzymes were significantly correlated with the chlorophyll content of the skin of tender fruit, thereby delaying the rate of chlorophyll reduction in emerald (vivid) green and dark green. The results of this study provide theoretical basis and technical support for in-depth analysis of different skin color of tender fruit especially the color formation mechanism of emerald (vivid) green, and for the exploration and utilization of relevant excellent and specific resource materials.
    Rescue Collection and Preliminary Identification of Disease Resistance of Wild Rice Germplasm Resources in Guangxi
    GUO Wen-long, LIANG Yun-tao, LUO Cui-ting, QIAO Wei-hua, WU Yu-xiang, CHENG Yun-lian, HE Jin-fu, ZHANG Li-fang, LI Ke-di, XU Zhi-jian, HUANG Xue-qiong, XIAO Xiao-rong, ZHENG Xiao-ming, YANG Qing-wen
    Available online:  December 22, 2023 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231127001
    [Abstract] (70) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1011.43 K] (421)
    Abstract:
    In view of the increasingly serious problem of the endangered status of wild rice in Guangxi, the rescue collection of wild rice-rich areas in Guangxi was carried out, and the resistance identification of bacterial blight and rice blast was carried out. According to the distribution area and density of wild rice, the 44 originally recorded distribution sites in the survey results of wild rice in Guangxi are divided into four levels: extinction, endangered, vulnerable and least concerned, and found that 45% populations have been in extinction. 7% populations were endangered, and 25% populations were classified as vulnerable, and the other 23% populations could be classified as Least Concerned. A total of 317 wild rice germplasm resources were collected from 11 populations of Oryza rufipogon Griff. and Oryza officinalis Wall. The resistance to bacterial blight was identified by using the international virulent strain PXO99, and the resistance to rice blast of different isolates ( Guy11, RB22, FJ-3-2, FJ-3-5, FJ-2-3 ) was identified by wounding detached rice leaf. The results showed that 27 bacterial blight resistance resources, 105 rice blast resistance resources, and 5 resources with both bacterial blight and rice blast resistance were identified from 177 wild rice. In view of the problem that the disease-resistant resources of wild rice in Guangxi are rich but disappear seriously, it is suggested to strengthen the collection and protection, and increase the identification of germplasm resources.
    Construction of Information Management System and Service Platform of National Bougainvillea Germplasm Resource Center
    周群, 钟颖颖, 丁印龙, 李可威, 刘静
    Available online:  December 05, 2023 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231023001
    [Abstract] (44) [HTML] (0) [PDF 847.67 K] (386)
    Abstract:
    Bougainvillea with long flowering period, large amount of flowers, strong resistance and various forms of application, now has become the fastest growing woody flowers in southern China of sunrise flower industry. With the improvement of horticultural technology and the expansion of international exchanges, the number of varieties in Bougainvillea is increasing year by year, and the phenomenon of homonym and synonym frequently occurs, which brings certain difficulties to the collection and preservation of resources. In order to promote the management of germplasm resources, Xiamen Botanical Garden, as the national Bougainvillea germplasm resource center, has initially built an information management system and service platform based on B/S model and using modern management information system, so as to achieve efficient management of the germplasm resource bank. This paper introduces the platform architecture, database design, technology realization and platform function composition in detail, so as to improve the efficiency of information management and promote the collection, protection, research, evaluation and application of germplasm resources of Bougainvillea. In addition, the design and development of the platform can also provide reference for the construction of information management systems and service platforms in other flower.
    Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Fraxinus section Sciadanthus (Oleaceae) and its biogeographic implications
    韦羿帆, 周明芹, WEN Jun
    Available online:  December 04, 2023 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230918002
    [Abstract] (54) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.12 M] (354)
    Abstract:
    Fraxinus section Sciadanthus consists of three species: Fraxinus hupehensis from Central China, F. xanthoxyloides from western Himalaya, and F. dimorpha from North Africa. These species exhibit an unusual biogeographic disjunction across Central China, western Himalaya and North Africa, but the origin and evolutionary are still unclear. The phylogenetic relationships of this section are herein reconstructed using nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast psbA-trnH, rpl32-trnL and matK sequence data. The Bayesian system tree constructed by ITS sequences supports the classification system proposed by Wallander , which divided Fraxinus into six sections, F. hupehensis, F. xanthoxyloides and F. dimorpha all belong to section Sciadanthus and form a sister group with section Fraxinus. We find evidence that F. xanthoxyloides may have originated from hybridization between F. dimorpha and a Eurasian species. The divergence time suggests that Fraxinus first differentiated at 42.05 Ma, section Sciadanthus initially diverged at 21.86 Ma, and F. hupehensis diverged at 11.87 Ma. Vicariance driven by the uplifts of the Tibetan Plateau in the Tertiary may be the main reason for the formation of the disjunct distribution in section Sciadanthus. F. hupehensis and F. xanthoxyloides may be relict plants influenced by this process.
    Analysis of Genetic Law of Inflorescence Traits and Floret Color of Anemone-type Chrysanthemum
    ZHANG Yichi, GU Yuanxin, Ye yuqing, ZHANG Deping, NIU Yajing, Zhang Mengmeng, HUANG He
    Available online:  December 04, 2023 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230927002
    [Abstract] (84) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.01 M] (401)
    Abstract:
    Chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.) exhibit a diverse range of flower types, with particular interest in the anemone type due to its high ornamental value, however, the genetic law of inflorescence traits and floret color remains unclear. Moreover, the disc florets in anemone-type chrysanthemums are known for their rich pigmentations, but whether or not they are correlated with the color of the ray florets has not been studied at present. In this study, Two hybrid combinations were designed to determine 11 inflorescence traits of F1 population. One white non-anemone-type chrysanthemum was chosen as the paternal parent, while two red anemone-type chrysanthemums were selected as the maternal parents. The analysis included a mixed genetic approach of major gene plus polygene. Genetic analysis revealed that flower diameter, ray floret length, ray floret width and number of disc florets were consistent with the 0MG model without major gene control. Disc flower diameter, number of ray florets, disc floret length, disc floret width and the longest lobe length were consistent with the 2MG-ADI model controlled by two major genes with add-demonstration-epistatic effect. Major genes for disc floret length and the longest lobe length had a heritability of approximately 70%, indicating high heritability. Correlation analysis indicates that there was a significant positive correlation among disc floret length, disc floret width and the longest lobe length. According to the color values (L*, a*, b*) of ray florets, F1 population were grouped into 5 different colors. The Shannon-Wiener index (H) of the ray florets of two hybrid combinations were 1.12 and 1.23, the colors varied widely. Additionally, we selected 30 anemone-type chrysanthemums with different colors from the parents and F1 population and measured the flower color values (L*, a*, b*) of inside epidermis of disc florets and upper epidermis of ray florets. Our results suggest a respectively significant positive correlation of L*, a* and b* values between the two. At the same time, 10 anemone-type chrysanthemums with different colors were sliced and examined. It was discovered that inside epidermis of disc florets and upper epidermis of ray florets & outside epidermis of disc florets and lower epidermis of ray florets possess the same pigment species as well as similar cell morphology and size, so that the color is similar. These results provide a theoretical foundation for the genetic mapping of inflorescence traits and the cultivation of high-quality anemone-type chrysanthemum varieties.
    Research progress on MADS-box gene function in soybean
    Xiaolin Yao, 张沿政
    Available online:  December 01, 2023 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231028001
    [Abstract] (128) [HTML] (0) [PDF 630.91 K] (398)
    Abstract:
    MADS-box is an important transcription factor in plants, and its family members have a typical MIKC structure, highly conserved N-terminal MADS, and less conserved I domains and C-terminals. MADS-box genes are widely expressed in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, buds and other trophic tissue parts of plants, and are involved in regulating the flowering time, flower development, seed development and abiotic stress response. In recent years, researches have shown that the expression patterns of different MADS-box genes are distinct, and their functions are also quite different. This review introduces the structure and classification of soybean MADS-box gene family, and summarizes the research progress of related members of MADS-box genes in ABCDE model, such as SVP, SOC1, FLC and other genes in the flower development. Finally, the research on soybean MADS-box is prospected, which provides an essential information for further utilization of such transcription factor genes for soybean genetic improvement and germplasm innovation in the future.
    Mapping QTLs for salt tolerance related traits at seedling stage using chromosome segment substitution lines of Dongxiang common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) and Nipponbare (Oryza sativa L.)
    CHENG Yi-bing, HUANG Qian, Han Bin, Cui Di, QIU Xian-jin, MA Xiao-ding, HAN Long-zhi
    Available online:  November 29, 2023 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231101003
    [Abstract] (76) [HTML] (0) [PDF 968.47 K] (412)
    Abstract:
    Rice is a moderately salt-sensitive crop, and its yield will be severely affected when grown in saline soils. Exploring salt-tolerance related genes and clarify the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance are important for the breeding of salt-tolerant rice varieties and the efficient utilization of saline soils. Previously, our laboratory created a strong salt-tolerant chromosome segment substitution line CSSL91 using Dongxiang common wild rice and Nipponbare as the parents, and its salt tolerance was comparable to that of Pokkali. In this study, the F2:3 population constructed from CSSL91 and Nipponbare was used as experimental material. With salt tolerance grade and seedling survival rate as indicators, five salt tolerance-related QTLs were detected, distributed on chromosomes 4, 9, and 10, with LOD values ranging from 2.95 to 3.97 and phenotypic contribution rates ranging from 9.83% to 18.48%. Among them, the salt tolerance grade QTL qST4 had the highest phenotypic variation contribution of 18.48%, localized between markers DX-C4-1 and DX-S4-16 on chromosome 4, and the locus could be detected by both linkage marker analysis and BSA analysis. QTLs qST4-1 for salt tolerance grade and qSSR4 for seedling survival rate were both located between markers DX-C4-12 and DX-C4-13 on chromosome 4, with LOD values of 3.36 and 3.92, and phenotypic contribution rates of 13.97% and 9.49%, respectively. In addition, two salt tolerance grade QTLs, qST9 and qST10, were located on chromosomes 9 and 10, respectively. The qST4-1/qSSR4 and qST10 are the newly localized salt tolerance-related QTLs in this study. The results of this study will lay the foundation for the cloning of salt tolerance-related genes and the improvement of rice salt tolerance varieties by molecular marker assisted selection.
    Molecular Mechanisms of Flower Color Formation in Pericallis hybrida
    Yumeng Cui, Huang He, DAI Silan
    Available online:  November 28, 2023 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230925001
    [Abstract] (75) [HTML] (0) [PDF 444.60 K] (788)
    Abstract:
    Cineraria (Pericallis hybrida) is an ornamental plant with multiple anthocyanin metabolic pathways and rare flower color phenotypes such as blue and bicolor. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of these flower colors can provide valuable genetic resources for molecular breeding of ornamental plants, particularly for the development of new blue flower varieties. Based on years of research on cineraria, the author summarized the research progress over the past 20 years on the unique anthocyanin structure, the regulatory pathways of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and the technical approaches used in flower color research. Key findings of this review include: (1) the pigment composition of different cineraria varieties and especially the polyacylation structure in blue varieties; (2) the structural genes involved in anthocyanin metabolism pathways such as polyacylation and acylation, and the function of transcription factors such as MYB and MADS-box in regulating flower color and spot formation; and (3) the efficient genetic transformation system and viral-induced gene silencing system relevant to flower color research in cineraria, as well as progress in these areas. The objective of this article is to provide references for future research on the flower color and molecular breeding of cineraria and other ornamental plants.
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    Advances in Germplasm Collection and Genetic Diversity Research of Wild Broomcorn Millet in China
    LIU Min-xuan, XU yue, LU Ping
    2020,21(6):1435-1445, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200522001
    [Abstract] (1104) [HTML] (0) [PDF 30.14 M] (43459)
    Abstract:
    Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a representative crop in dryland agriculture and has been cultivated for over 10,000 years. Wild broomcorn millet, widely distributed in fields alongside the cultivated broomcorn millet and in woodland edges and grasslands across Eurasia, plays a crucial role in studies of broomcorn millet origin and domestication history. This review summarizes the research progresses achieved in China in germplasm collection and conservation, identification and evaluation, and genetic diversity analysis of wild broomcorn millet, and in the relationship between the wild broomcorn millet and cultivated broomcorn millet, and proposes further project development and the core mission of collection, utilization and research of wild broomcorn millet resources in China.
    The Phenotypic Variations and Allelic Analysis of Different Dwarf Germplasm Resources in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
    ZHANG Min-juan, WANG Deng-ke, DUAN Shi-xiang, DOU Jun-ling, YANG Sen, LIU Dong-ming, NIU Huan-huan, ZHU Hua-yu, HU Jian-bin, SUN Shou-ru, MA Chang-sheng, YANG Lu-ming
    2022,23(5):1298-1309, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220616001
    [Abstract] (398) [HTML] (0) [PDF 35.18 M] (31823)
    Abstract:
    In recent years, facility cultivation in watermelon has become one of the main ways in China, and dwarf germplasm resources have been of interest considering their application for their unique advantages in facility cultivation. Dwarf is one important agronomic trait in modulating plant architecture, and dwarf watermelon varieties are adaptable for high-density planting, mechanizing management and pest control, which can effectively reduce costs and meet the current needs of simplified watermelon cultivation. In this study, 14 dwarf germplasms, which were collected from domestic and foreign countries, were subjected for self-pollination with several generations to obtain homozygous inbred lines. Fourteen dwarf germplasms were subjected for diallel crosses, and F1 hybrids and derived F2 populations were analyzed for plant architecture related agronomic traits. Based on allelic tests for 14 dwarf germplasms, two types (class-I and class-II) on the dwarf phenotype were observed. The dwarf trait in class-I mutants d1, d2, d3 and d6 was controlled by the same recessive gene Cldw1, while the dwarf trait in class-mutants was controlled by another recessive gene Cldf. The F1 hybrid derived from inter-crosses between two classes were observed with long vine, and the segregation ratio of the vine type in F2 population was 9:3:3:1, thus confirming that the dwarf trait in two types of mutants were controlled by two different recessive genes. The analysis of different dwarf germplasm mutants in this study provided better understanding of watermelon dwarf resources, which has implication in breeding for new watermelon dwarf varieties.
    Synthesis and cytological studies of allotriploid interspecies between Brassica carinata and Chinese kale
    luoshuangxia
    2013,14(2):361-366, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.028
    [Abstract] (4991) [HTML] (0) [PDF 29.26 M] (26562)
    Abstract:
    The allotriploid interspecies (BCC) were obtained by reciprocal crosses between Brassica carinata (2n=4x=BBCC=34) and Chinese kale (2n=2x=CC=18). The interspecies displayed a stronger growth than parents; the plant and flower type tended to parent B. carinata; and the flower color was the same as parent Chinese kale. Meiosis observation of the allotriploid showed that 9 bivalents and 8 univalents (9Ⅱ 8Ⅰ) were formed at diakinesis, and the two kind of chromosomes (B and C) tended to separate into two groups; at metaphaseⅠ, 9 bivalents of CC genome arranged on equatorial plane and 8 univalents of B genome distributed around the equatorial plane ; and at anaphaseⅠ, the distributions of chromosomes with 13/13 or 12/14 were in the majority. The obtain of this allotriploid (BCC) provides an important material for production of CC B alien addition lines and for study of chromosome homology between B and C genome.
    Wild Relatives of Agricultural Crop in Yunnan Province and Its Peripheral Area
    Gao Ainong
    2013,14(2):193-201, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.002
    [Abstract] (4343) [HTML] (0) [PDF 31.18 M] (20726)
    Abstract:
    The project of “investigation of biological resources of agriculture in Yunnan province and its peripheral area”belongs to National Basic Task Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology. The project has passed the acceptance inspection from the Ministry of Science and Technology in May, 2012, after it has been carried out for 5 years. Yunnan and its peripheral area are low latitudes and high altitudes, also the concentrative areas inhabited by minority nationality people, where the species of agricultural crops are quite abundant, so are the biological and genetic diversity, as a result, the wild relatives of agricultural crops are plenty. In this paper, the authors have introduced the wild relatives of food crops, economic crops, vegetable crops and fruit trees collected in Yunnan and its peripheral area in order to provide basic information and scientific evidences for the researches and development, and constituting the national conservation policy of the diversity of wild plants and scientific researches.
    Investigation and Nutrition Components Analysis of Wild Chives in Hezhang County of Guizhou Province
    WANG Hai-ping, QIU Yang, LI Fang-wei, SONG Jiang-ping, Zhang Xiao-hui, LI Xi-xiang
    2017,18(6):1137-1144, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.06.015
    [Abstract] (1594) [HTML] (0) [PDF 10.11 M] (19943)
    Abstract:
    Guizhou province is an important distribution area of wild allium, especially in Hezhang county. In order to understand and study the distribution, the wild Chinese chive in Hezhang county was investigated, and the main nutritional components were analyzed. The results indicated that there are mainly 3 kinds of wild Chinese chive distributed in Hezhang county, Allium wallichii Kunth., Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.(tentatively named) and Allium hookeri Thwaites (tentatively named). . The geographical distribution, habitat and climate of the wild chives were investigated. Among 17 kinds of amino acids, except for proline, the contents of other amino acids in wild chives were higher than that of the cultivated chive. The sugar contents of wild chives were significantly lower than the cultivated chive. Among 9 trace elements, zinc and iron contents of Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.were significantly higher than that of cultivated chives and other wild chives. Among 4 kinds of heavy metal, cadmium content in 3 kinds of wild chives exceed the limitation of national standard, especially the cadmium content in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. was significantly higher than the others. Content of arsenic, mercury and lead in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. also exceed the limitation of national standard; Vc content in leaves and stalk of Allium wallichii Kunth. in original habit was higher than that of cultivated chives. The biological characteristics and nutrition components of wild chives from Hezhang county were significantly different from that of cultivated chives, which will be important genetic resources for utilization and quality development of chives.
    Phenotypic DiversityAnalysis of Five Wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum Populations
    WANG Wen-xiao, CHENG Hao, XU Yu-feng, GE Hong, YANG Shu-hua, ZHAO Xin, WU Rong-hua, JIA Rui-dong
    2020,21(5):1196-1206, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200109006
    [Abstract] (1217) [HTML] (0) [PDF 31.37 M] (19521)
    Abstract:
    In this study, we investigated the phenotypic diversity of 18 characters on five main natural populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum that were collected from three provinces Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou in China. The statistical methods used included nested variance analysis, coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The results revealed significant difference at most phenotypic traits among populations if compared to that within populations. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST) was 75.18%, indicating that the population diversity was largely contributed by the variation among populations. The average variation coefficient of the 18 phenotypic traits was variable from 6.36%–18.51%, with a higher degree of dispersion. PCA showed that plant height, length of ovary, scape height, length of maximum leaf, diameter of flower and length of synsepal were the main sources of phenotypic variation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that plant height, width of synsepal and width of dorsal sepal were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the majority of plant traits, whereas only the length of synsepal was extremely significantly correlated with geographic factors. Cluster analysis revealed three groups from the five populations, which could be explained by the geographic distribution. This study found that populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum have high genetic diversity, and the variation between populations is much higher than that within the population. The phenotypic diversity indicates that wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum populations should be protected as much as possible. Moreover, it is recommended that germplasm is preserved in nurseries and libraries in addition to in-situ conservation, and that an artificial reproduction system is established enhance our conservation efficiency.
    Genome-wide Association Study of Root System Architecture Related Traits in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    CHEN Gui-ju, JIN Yi-rong, LIU Cai-yun, JIA De-xin, FAN Qing-qi, LIU Jin-dong, LIU Peng
    2020,21(4):975-983, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20191126002
    [Abstract] (1245) [HTML] (0) [PDF 709.26 K] (19271)
    Abstract:
    The root system architecture (RSA) determines the composition of the root system and plays an irreplaceable role in crop growth and development. It is of great significance to analyze the genetic mechanism of wheat root architecture and the selection of varieties with better RSA traits in breeding for elite wheat varieties. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is an effective method to analyze the genetic mechanism of complicated quantitative traits (i.e. RSA) in wheat. In the study, GWAS for RSA-related traits(total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter and number of root tips) were conducted in 160 wheat accessions from Henan and Shandong, which were previously genotyped by wheat 660K SNP chip. Twenty-three loci associated with RSA related traits were detected from chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6A, 6B and 7B, and each explained the phenotypic variation variable from 7.2% to 12.8%. Among them, eleven loci are found to coincide with the formerly-reported loci, and the remaining 12 loci are newly identified. Taken together, this study is of significance to uncover the genetic structure of the root architecture with a potential in future breeding of high-yield and stress-resistant wheat cultivars.
    Combining ability of parents for main traits in sorghum panicles
    Long Wenjing, 赵甘霖, 丁国祥, 倪先林, 刘天朋, 汪小楷
    2017,18(5):867-873, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.05.008
    [Abstract] (1417) [HTML] (0) [PDF 7.64 M] (18966)
    Abstract:
    To explore the main characters of the genetic features of sorghum panicle and evaluate the use value of material of latest introduction and cultivation of sorghum parents, thus providing theoretical basis for breeding of sorghum panicle and reference. Four sorghum sterile lines(13163A, 1358A, 128A and 407A ) and 6 restorer lines (9.1R, 213R, 272R, 381R, Dwarf182R and Early21R) were mated, the combining ability of main traits of F1 generation’s panicles was analyzed according to incomplete diallel cross(NCII). The results showed that the main panicle traits exist significant genetic differences, the main performance for the additive gene effect of genetic traits are: spike length, primary branches number, secondary branch number, grain numbe per spike; Narrow heritability size order are: secondary branch number > primary branch number > spike length> grain number per spike > grain weight per spike >1000-kernel weight. Different parent’s general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) is significant difference in different traits. Sterile line 407A and restorer early 21R, 9.1R which has better comprehensive characteristic, have great potential applications in production of hybrid combinations. Restorer 272R combined with lower spike grain number and small grains characteristics can satisfy the market demand for small grain sorghum. In-depth analysis of sorghum hybrid parent main panicle traits, is conducive to the further understanding and use of parent material.
    Identification of QTL for Tassel Color in Maize
    yuanwenjuan
    2013,14(2):289-297, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.005
    [Abstract] (5024) [HTML] (0) [PDF 10.61 M] (18290)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: tassel is an important reproductive organ of maize and the appearance of different kinds of maize differ in thousands of ways .molecular markers, tightly linked with tassel color, could be screened by genetic analysis and QTL mapping of the color of the maize tassel. these molecular markers can be used as an useful tool for maize variety protection and species identification. Mean while, higher pigment content of anthocyan in purple tassel is closely related to the insect resistance of maize tassel. In this study, a black SDM of maize inbred lines were used as a common male parent and respectively hybrid with the white maize inbred lines of wood and yellow maize inbred line Mo17 to build two F2: 3 groups, respectively named MuS (Mu6 x SDM), and MoS (, Mo17 ?SDM).these two groups were planted in two different environments in Yunnan and Chongqing, then conduct QTL mapping about two traits, the anther color (COAn) and the anther capes color (COCa). The results showed that: the anther color and the anther cape color are both quantitative traits, jointly controlled by major genes and minor genes. Seven QTL related to anther color are detected from the two groups in two different environments. They are located in chromosome 2,3,6 and 10.The QTL within marker interval umc1196a-IDP8526 on the chromosome 10 both expressed in Chongqing and Yunnan, and the contribution rate of the phenotype were 23.17% and 19.98%; nine QTL related to anther cape color are detected from the two groups in two environments, located in chromosome 3, 6, 9 and 10 .Among them, three QTL are environmental insensitive (they express in both two environments and the contribution rate are greater than 10%), which respectively in the marker interval umc1979-umc1796 mmc0523-umc2006 in chromosome 6 and the marker interval umc1196a-umc2043 in the chromosome 10 and the contribution rate of the phenotype ranges from 10.69% to 59.30%. The location and effect of the major QTL detected from these two groups have a high degree of consistency, and the major QTL controlling the two traits of anther color and anther cape color have the phenomenon of chain of distribution, mainly near the marker mmc0523 at bin6.04 and the marker IDP8526 at bin10.04. QTL that located on chromosome 6 and 10, and that are stable in different environments and genetic backgrounds can be regarded as the target sites used for further fine mapping. They can also provide a valuable reference for marker-assisted selection of maize tassel color.
    Analysis of sugars and acid contents and its compositions in different ecological peach cultivar groups
    ZHU Geng-rui, WANG Xin-wei, CAO Ke, FANG Wei-chao, CHEN Chang-wen, WANG Li-rong
    2017,18(5):891-904, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.05.011
    [Abstract] (1832) [HTML] (0) [PDF 14.14 M] (18242)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: Studies were conducted on the distributions of sugar and acids contents of 118 doses of peach accessions, which contain six cultivar groups in China, for providing reliable evidences of high quality peach breeding selection. In this study Soluble sugar was detected by fehling reagent. Titratable acidity was detected by NaOH.Sugar and organic acid compositions in 295 peach accessions were detected using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Result:1) Cultivars derived from Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, Southern China Contain high value of sugar compositions (fructose, sucrose), soluble sugar, total sugar, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars of Changjiang River Region and Northeast China contain high value of fructose.Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain low value of titratable acidity , some acid compositions(citrale, quinate, malate) and total acid, but those are high in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain high value of SS/TA, SSC/TA and ‘Total sugar/ Total acid’, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China, Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and Northeast China. 2) For sugar compositions in different cultivars, Ratio of ‘fructose to total sugar’ is the highest in Changjiang River Region cultivars, Northwest China cultivars have a high level of ‘glucose to total sugar’. The ratio of ‘sorbitol to total sugar’ is the highest in Southern China cultivars, but the Northest China cultivars have the lowest level. Ratio of ‘sucrose to total sugar’ have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups. For the analysis of acid compositions, Changjiang River Region cultivars have high level of citrale, but cultivars of Southern China have a lower level, which have the highest level of quinate. The ratios of succinic and malate acids have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups.
    Study on the Floral characteristics Characteristics and Sstructure in Two Types of Male Sterile Lines of Bbroccoli（Brassica oleracea var.italica）
    shu jin shuai, Liu Yumei, 方智远, 李占省, 孙培田, 杨丽梅, 张黎黎, 张扬勇, 庄木
    2014,15(1):113-119, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2014.01.015
    [Abstract] (3937) [HTML] (0) [PDF 7.81 M] (17499)
    Abstract:
    Broccoli is an important cruciferous vegetable, it has a good anti-cancer effect, with the expanding cultivation area of broccoli and the developing of anticancer drug, the demand for broccoli seeds are increasing. Using male sterile line to produce F1 generation seeds is an important way to utilize of heterosis, but the cytoplasmic male sterile lines commonly used in production have the problems of the buds death are heavier in the early, nectar volume is less and seeds production are low. Our group makes excellent broccoli inbred lines as male parent. cabbage dominant genic male sterility material 79-399-3 and cytoplasmic male sterile material OguraCMSR3 629 as the infertility sources, we have obtained multiple dominant genic male sterile lines and cytoplasmic male sterile lines of broccoli through backcrossing method, in order to further effectively use of broccoli male sterile lines and search for better infertility sources, The the differences of the bud death numbers, floral organ structure and number of or frequecing bees visiting flowers among dominant genic male sterile（DGMS）lines，cytoplasmic male sterile（CMS）lines and inbred lines of broccoli 8554, 8590 and 93219 were studied. The results showed that the differences of the bud length, bud diameter, death buds of single branch, corolla diameter, stamen length, anther length, petal length, the times of visiting bees, the number of visiting bees and the time of bees staying on the flower between DGMS and CMS of lines 8554, 8590 and 93219 were significant. On As athe whole, above characteristics in DGMS lines were significantly better than CMS lines.
    Crop gene pyramiding molecular breeding
    徐小万, 雷建军, 罗少波, 李颖, 王恒明
    2010,11(3):364-368, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.03.003
    [Abstract] (7422) [HTML] (0) [PDF 546.74 K] (15787)
    Abstract:
    Most agronomic charateristics and complex biosynthetic pathways are determined by the coordination of multiple gene expression ,and gene pyramiding molecular breeding combined with conventional breeding techniques have become the main means for the crop breeding.Gene pyramiding molecular breeding includes genetic transformation molecular breeding and marker-assisted selection molecular breeding. The research progress of crop genetic pyramiding molecular breeding in recent were reviewed. The research methods, the countermeasures on the existing problems of gene pyramiding molecular breeding were discussed and the prospects were described as well in this paper.
    Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Barbarea Vulgaris Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits
    Liu Tongjin, , , , , and
    2015,16(3):528-534, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2015.03.014
    [Abstract] (3871) [HTML] (0) [PDF 19.71 M] (15271)
    Abstract:
    Barbarea vulgaris is an excellent cruciferous plant, particularly being ideal as a model species to study saponin biosynthesis, insect resistance, and coevolution of plants and insect pest. In order to make full use of B. vulgaris germplasm, the genetic diversity was analyzed among the 34 accessions conserved in the national mid-term gene bank for vegetables, based on the phenologic, morphological and insect resistance data from the field investigation. The results showed significant morphological diversity in B. vulgaris germplasm from Europe. Among the 34 accession, BV13-BAR13 bolted earliest, 47 days earlier than the latest bolting material (BV13-BAR9). Most of the B. vulgaris germplasm have glabrous leaves, strong tillering ability and more leaf numbers. The range and coefficient variation (CV) of the plant height, silique length and inflorescence length are the highest among all traits. Only 9 of 34 B. vulgaris are susceptible to the diamondback moth, most accessions are highly resistant to the pest. The clustering analysis showed that 34 accessions can be divided into 3 groups. The resistant and susceptible germplasm were distributed to different groups, reflecting their genetic relationships. Our research will provide useful materials and information for the genetic breeding of insect resistant B. Vulgaris and cruciferae crops.
    Composition Variation of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits in the Doubling Haploids from Anther Culture and the Crossing Hybrids in Wheat
    Han Xiaofeng, Ye Xingguo, Liu Xiaolei, We Yiqin, Yan Yueming, Du Lipu
    2010,11(6):671-677, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.06.004
    [Abstract] (4948) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (15231)
    Abstract:
    High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in the doubling haploids from stable cultivars and the crossing hybrids between different varieties of common wheat were analyzed to explore the possibility of improving the subunit compositions by anther culture and commercial crossing. Double haploids from five wheat genotypes of Alondra, Orofen, Xinchun9, Verry, and Bainong3217 were obtained by anther culture, and different hybrids were made each other from different wheat lines with different HMW-GS constitutions such as Xingchun9, Jing771, CB037, CS, Ningchun4, Bobwhite, and yangmai12 by crossing. Then, SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the populations of the doubling haploids and the crossing hybrids for HMW-GS combinations. The results indicated that frequent variation of HMW-GS happened in the doubled haploids with a rate up to 61.8% in the test genotypes, among which Alondra and Bainong3217 gave higher variation frequency than other three varieties, and several subunits might be new ones which are not present in the corresponding wild types, but need to be identified further. Comparing with the donor lines, the typical double haploids varied in HMW-GS were not changed in main agronomic characteristics such as plant height, growth period, and grain weight. In most F1 hybrids, the expression of all HMW-GS appeared to be co-dominant, but the expression of one or two HMW-GSs was did found to be suppressed in a few F1 crosses. Cytoplasm of female parents was found to have some effect on the expression of very few subunits in a few crosses. At the same time, 2-3 possible new subunits that did not exist in the parents were observed in the two crosses, Ningchun4/CB037 and Jing771/Ningchun4. By continuous self-crossing and tracing of the new subunits, stable lines expressing the putative new subunits were obtained from the two crosses mentioned above. Variation of HMW-GSs constitution or new HMW-GS can be induced by anther culture and normal cross. Co-dominant of HMW-GS expression did not definitely exist in all F1 crosses. Cytoplasm did effect the expression of HMW-GS in some cases. The present study is theoretical and practical valuable for the improvement of wheat processing quality and the further understanding of the genetic and structural features of HMW-GSs encoding genes.
    Diversity Analysis of Chinese Wild Grape Species
    chengdawei, jiangjianfu, fanxiucai, zhangying, , liuchonghuai
    2013,14(6):996-1012, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.06.003
    [Abstract] (4753) [HTML] (0) [PDF 18.28 M] (15091)
    Abstract:
    China is one of the major origin centres of Vitis species, and has lots of grape species and inherited resource in the world. There are 40 species, 1 subspecies and 13 varieties originated from China. According to the “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)”, taking a number of character index as a identification parameters, the genetic. diversity of 23 Chinese wild grape species were analysised by identifying botany characteristics and agronomic traits.The results showed that Chinese wild grape had rich diversity in main phenophase, young shoot down, young shoot color, blade shape, blade color, teeth, berry size, skin color, berry flavor, floral organs and so on, with abundant genetic diversity. It can provide reference for classification,evolution and breeding of vitis . It is suggested that “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)” for further revision and improvement, in order to adapt Chinese wild vitis resource diversity evaluation research.
    The Wild Dactylis glomerata Germplasm Resources of Hengduan Mountains in Southwest China
    钟声, 黄梅芬, 段新慧
    2010,11(1):1-4, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.01.001
    [Abstract] (5422) [HTML] (0) [PDF 422.92 K] (14858)
    Abstract:
    Hengduan mountains lie in southwest of China,which is famous by the extending from south to north.There widely distribute wild Dactylis glomerata germplasm resources,which belongs to subspecies glomerata,and subspecies himalayensis.The distribution range of two subspecies is nearly the same,but much difference existed in the morphological characters and phenological development in two subspecies.Through hybridization of subspecies himalayensis and subspecies glomerata in artificial condition,triploid offspring may be obtained.But no definite evidence has been found that hybrid triploid offspring was existed by crossbreeding of two subspecies in natural condition.In recent decade years,many basal studies about the two subspecies have been done in China,but a few were about the protection and utilization.Thinking about the origin,it can be sure that subspecies himalayensis belong to natural origin ecotype,but subspecies glomerata was likely to belong to naturalization species.Because of the competing threat from the subspecies glomerata,it is necessary to reinforce the protection and utilization studies about the subspecies himalayensis.
    Phenotype Analysis and Low-resolution Mapping of a Stripe-Leaf Mutant t122 in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.)
    ZHANG Shuo, ZHI Hui, ZHANG Wei, TANG Chan-juan, LUO Ming-zhao, TANG Sha, JIA Guan-qing, JIA Yan-chao, LIU Gang, HUANG Zhi-mou, CAI Hai-ya, JIAO Chun-hai, DIAO Xian-min
    2022,23(4):1076-1084, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220211001
    [Abstract] (297) [HTML] (0) [PDF 36.21 M] (14648)
    Abstract:
    Leaf color is usually determined by the number, structure, and photosynthetic characters of the chloroplast. Isolation of the functional genes in leaf discoloration mutants of the C4 model plant foxtail millet and deciphering their functions is a way to disclose the regulation mechanism of C4 plant chloroplast biogenesis, development and photosynthesis. In this study, a stripe-leaf mutant t122 was identified from the EMS-induced mutant library of the foxtail millet variety Yugu1. The mutant t122 was observed with developmental retardation, and irregular white stripes on leaves. In contrast to the wild type, the significant decrease on the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, main panicle diameter, main panicle weight, and seed setting rate was observed in t122 mutant, whereas an increase on the panicle number per plant was detected. The photosynthetic capacity of t122 was impaired. By the leaf anatomy analysis, no significant difference in the distance between leaf veins, the number of cell layers between vascular bundles, and the cross-sectional cell area of leaves was observed in t122; however, an increased on the leaf cell length was detected. The ultrastructural observation of chloroplasts showed that, in t122 the chloroplasts showing functional structure were only detected in subsets of leaf cells. The segregation analysis suggested that the stripe-leaf trait of t122 was controlled by a single recessive nuclei-encoding gene. Using the method of MutMap, the candidate gene was mapped to the region of 24.0 Mb - 30.0 Mb on chromosome 3. Collectively, these results laid a good foundation for future cloning and functional characterization of the stripe-leaf gene in foxtail millet.
    Advances in Genetics and breeding of High oleic acid peanut
    陈 静
    2011,12(2):190-196, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2011.02.009
    [Abstract] (5603) [HTML] (0) [PDF 503.46 K] (14206)
    Abstract:
    Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important oilseed and economic crop in China. Oleic content and linoleic content of peanut seed add up to 80%. Oleic acid is an important factor that affects physical and chemical stability and nutritional value of peanut oil. Breeding peanut variety with high oleic content is an important breeding objective of peanut quality to promote international competitiveness and meet domestic consumption demand since 2000. Increasing oleic content in peanut significantly improves the nutritional quality. In this paper, we summarize mutants of high oleic peanut, the genetic characteristics of high oleic acid content and analyse pedigree relationship of high oleic acid peanut varieties and developing methods. Our purpose is to improve high oleic breeding of China peanut.
    Investigation and Taxonomy of Wild Fragaria Resources in the South of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China
    GUO Rui-xue, CHENG Yuan-yi, XI Hui, XUE Li, LEI Jia-jun, WANG Lian-jun
    2022,23(5):1393-1399, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220225002
    [Abstract] (437) [HTML] (0) [PDF 44.50 M] (14019)
    Abstract:
    To understand the genus Fragaria resources distributed in the south of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China, the wild strawberries were surveyed during 2019-2021 (latitude, 32°49′46″ to 33°19′38″; longitude, 106°09′23″ to 106°40′23″). The investigation sites include eight villages of three counties (Mengjiahe Village and Wangjiazhuang Village in Lueyang County; Erliba Village and Dashuya Village in Ningqiang County; Liziba Village, Lijiagou Village, Qiuqiya Village and Toudaohe Village in Mi'an County). A total of 57 wild strawberry accessions were collected in this survey. These accessions were identified and classified into three Fragaria species including Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlect., F. chinensis Lozinsk. and F. pentaphylla Lozinsk. (white-fruited), and two types including F. pentaphylla pink-fruited genotype and F. pentaphylla red-fruited genotype through botanical character observation and ploidy identification. Among them, F. pentaphylla was found to be predominant in population. These wild strawberries were found in the vertical space of 849 - 1352 m above sea level, such as mountains, forests, streams, roadsides, barren fields and rock walls. We provided the characters of the collected Fragaria species in detail, and proposed the suggestions on the protection and utilization of local wild strawberry resources.
    Molecular Mechanism and Application of HSP90 in Plants
    Qi Yan and
    2013,14(1):111-116, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.01.017
    [Abstract] (4474) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (13854)
    Abstract:
    Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) widely mediated stress signal transduction, and plays an important role in the control of normal growth of human cells and in the promoting tumor cell development. At present, HSP90 has become forefront projects of cellular immunity, signal transduction and anti-cancer investigation. The physiological function of HSP90 start later in plant than in animal and fungi. Recent researches revealed that plant HSP90 plays an important role in development, environmental stress response and disease resistance. This paper discussed the molecular functions of HSP90, and systematically reviews latest progresses on molecular mechanism of plant HSP90 as well as improvement of plant resistance to facalitate broaden work.

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