The Journal of Plant Genetic Resources is a bimonthly academic journal co-sponsored by the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and China Association of Agricultural Science Societies .Tt is the only journal in China that mainly introduces plant genetic resources. Founded in 2000, officially launched in 2003, quarterly from 2000 to 2009, and bimonthly in 2010.

The contents of the report are field, horticultural crops, ornamental and medicinal plants, basic research on plant genetic resources, research results in applied research, innovative academic papers, and high-level reviews or reviews of forest plants, grass plants and all their economic plants. For example, the investigation, collection, preservation, evaluation, utilization, innovation, Informatics, management, etc. of germplasm resources; Systems of origin, evolution, classification, etc.; Gene excavation, identification, cloning, establishment of gene libraries, and research on genetic diversity.

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    Review
    Research Progress on Major Nutritional Quality Components and Volatile Compounds in Tomato Germplasm Resources
    WANG Xinman, ZHANG Yingcui, TAN Ran, TAN Guofei, ZHU Weimin, YANG Xuedong
    2026,27(9):1685-1696 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260402002
    [Abstract] (65) [HTML] (41) [PDF 1.89 M] (29)
    Abstract:
    Tomato （Solanum lycopersicum L.） is one of the vegetable crops with the largest cultivation area and the highest economical value among protected horticultural productions in China. With the increasing consumer demand for high-quality tomatoes， improving fruit flavor and nutritional quality has become a major objective in tomato breeding. Tomato possesses abundant germplasm resources， including landraces， cultivated species， and wild relatives， which exhibit extensive genetic variation in quality-related traits such as soluble sugars， organic acids， carotenoids， vitamins， and volatile aroma compounds. These diverse germplasm resources provide valuable genetic materials for the excavation and functional characterization of superior quality genes， and development of high-quality tomato cultivars. This review summarizes the major nutritional quality components， including vitamins， carotenoids， soluble sugars， organic acids， free amino acids， and phenolic compounds， as well as the composition， metabolic regulation， and recent research progress of volatile compounds in tomato germplasm resources. Particular emphasis is placed on the synergistic relationship between nutritional quality and volatile compound formation. Furthermore， the formation mechanisms of tomato flavor quality and the current utilization status of tomato germplasm resources are discussed in combination with flavor tomatoes and the tomato flavor wheel model. This review aims to provide a theoretical reference for the innovative utilization of elite tomato germplasm resources， quality improvement， and molecular design breeding.
    Research Progress on Plant Potassium Ion Channels and Transporters and Their Response to Abiotic Stress
    JIANG Liqing, LUO Zhen, TANG Wei, LU Hequan, QIN Xiaochun, KONG Xiangqiang
    2026,27(9):1697-1709 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260401002
    [Abstract] (58) [HTML] (29) [PDF 735.80 K] (16)
    Abstract:
    Potassium is a key nutrient required for plant growth and development， and its uptake and utilization are coordinated and complex regulatory processes.The available potassium in cultivated land is relatively low in our country， which often fails to meet the needs of crop growth. In addition， drought and salt stress seriously affect the absorption and utilization of potassium in crops， which leading to widespread potassium deficiency in crops. Plants have developed various mechanisms to cope with low potassium， salt， drought and other stresses in order to survive in various abiotic stress environments. This review systematically introduce the plant potassium channel family， types of potassium transporters， and the physiological and molecular mechanisms of potassium uptake， transport， and utilization in plant. This study focus on exploring the regulatory mechanisms of abiotic stresses such as salt and drought abiotic stresses on regulating the expression of potassium uptake and transport related genes in plants， and therefore the mechanisms of the potassium uptake and transport related genes on improving plant drought and salt tolerance. Finally， prospects were made on how to use cultivation， molecular biology， and molecular breeding techniques to improve potassium uptake and utilization， which provide theoretical basis for improving potassium fertilizer utilization efficiency and stress tolerance of crops.
    Research Articles
    Variation Characteristics of Flavonoids in Soybean Germplasm Resources During Aging
    DONG Na, YANG Haifeng, YIN Guangkun, LI Yang, ZHANG Jinmei, XIN Xia
    2026,27(9):1710-1722 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260427006
    [Abstract] (62) [HTML] (78) [PDF 4.57 M] (21)
    Abstract:
    To clarify the variation characteristics of flavonoids during the aging process of soybean germplasm resources and their relationship with germplasm vigor， this study used 27 soybean resources from different origins as experimental materials. Artificial aging treatment at 40℃ was applied to obtain different vigor gradients， and the relationships between germplasm vigor indicators， total flavonoid content， and changes in key flavonoid compounds were analyzed. The results showed that： the vigor loss characteristics varied among different accessions； the initial total flavonoid content differed significantly among accessions （0.373-3.381 mg/g）， and most accessions showed an intial upward trend followed by a decrease during aging， which was extremely significantly negatively correlated with germination rate. HPLC-MS/MS （High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry） was used to analyze the flavonoid composition of three representative germplasm accessions with high， medium and low seed vigor levels， and combined with principal component analysis， cluster analysis， partial least squares discriminant analysis， and correlation analysis， key differential flavonoid compounds including 7，4′-dihydroxyflavone， calycosin， genistein， apigenin and alpinetin were identified， which were highly significantly negatively correlated with germination rate. These key flavonoid compounds were significantly enriched in low-vigor samples and could be used to distinguish soybean germplasm with different vigor levels. Therefore， flavonoid compounds can serve as potential biochemical indicators for evaluating soybean germplasm vigor， providing a theoretical basis for the safe conservation and utilization of germplasm resources.
    Genetic Diversity Analysis of Grain Traits and Comprehensive Evaluation of Elite Germplasm of Colored Hulless Barley on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
    LIU Wenhui, WANG Yan, CUI Yongmei, WU Kunlun, YAO Youhua, LU Huiying, YAO Xiaohua
    2026,27(9):1723-1732 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260510002
    [Abstract] (66) [HTML] (28) [PDF 1.23 M] (36)
    Abstract:
    To investigate the genetic diversity of key grain traits in colored hulless barley germplasm from the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau， 122 accessions from Qinghai， Xizang， Sichuan， Gansu， and Yunnan were evaluated across four environments for six grain traits—thousand grain weight， grain length， grain width， grain thickness， grain area， and grain roundness—using an integrated framework combining genetic diversity， correlation， principal component， cluster， and comprehensive grain trait evaluation to screen for elite germplasm. The results showed extensive phenotypic variation across all six grain traits. Thousand-grain weight exhibited the highest coefficient of genetic variation， while grain width showed the lowest. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index for each grain trait ranged from 1.95 to 2.09. All grain traits were significantly influenced by environment， genotype， and their interaction. Correlations were commonly observed among grain traits， with a correlation coefficient of 0.89 between thousand grain weight and grain area， and a correlation coefficient of －0.69 between grain length and grain roundness. The first two principal components collectively accounted for 94.073% of the total phenotypic variance， with thousand-grain weight， grain width， and grain thickness being the predominant contributors to the first principal component， whereas grain length and grain roundness dominated the second. Cluster analysis categorized the 122 accessions into four distinct groups. Group I， comprising 32 accessions， displayed the most optimal comprehensive trait profile， characterized by maximal values for thousand grain weight， grain length， grain width， grain thickness， and grain area， thereby manifesting a typical large-grain ideotype that holds significant potential as parental material for high-yield hulless barley breeding. Based on the comprehensive （F-scores）， the top ten accessions—Ziqingke， Chaqingmeicha， Xiajiaozi， Chajiu， Hunzai Naiqingzhong， Haiqinghei No. 2， Wumu， Naimuchai， Naina， and Cheduozi—were identified as elite parental lines for grain trait improvement and novel variety development in hulless barley germplasm resources.
    Diversity Analysis of Leaf Phenotypic Traits of Camellia drupifera Lour.
    LI Pengxiang, LIU Kai, LIANG Guoxiao, CHEN Mengqiu, ZHANG Xing, LYU Jinfeng, HAO Bingqing, MA Jinlin
    2026,27(9):1733-1745 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260420004
    [Abstract] (52) [HTML] (30) [PDF 1.19 M] (15)
    Abstract:
    To explore the variation pattern of leaf phenotypic traits in Camellia drupifera Loureiro， and to provide a theoretical basis for germplasm resource improvement and new germplasm breeding， we selected 14 populations of C. drupifera from different distribution areas as research materials. Ten leaf phenotypic traits were measured and analyzed using multiple statistical methods. The results showed that some leaf phenotypic traits exhibited significant differences among populations and individuals， with abundant phenotypic variation. The coefficients of variation of the 10 traits ranged from 14.67% to 32.73%， with an overall average of 19.95%. Highly significant correlations were detected among most of the traits. Size traits including leaf length， leaf width and leaf area showed synergistic positive correlations. Leaf length-width ratio was highly significantly negatively correlated with leaf shape coefficient. Leaf thickness was relatively independent， and the leaf shape coefficient was negatively correlated with most morphological traits. Cluster analysis revealed that the 14 populations could be divided into two clusters， and the clustering results were in good agreement with the actual geographical distribution. Environmental factor correlation analysis indicated that latitude， mean January temperature， annual mean temperature and annual extreme minimum temperature showed significant or highly significant negative correlations with leaf size-related traits， which were identified as the key influencing factors. In contrast， longitude and total annual sunshine hours had no significant effect on any leaf phenotypic trait. Conclusively， there is abundant leaf phenotypic variation among different populations of C. drupifera with distinct geographic differentiation. Provenances from different clusters can be screened as high-quality breeding materials according to specific breeding objectives.
    Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Floral Organs in 76 New Malus Cultivars
    LIU Yuxin, MA Jingze, HUANG Zhijun, XUE Chengbo, ZHANG Wangxiang, FAN Junjun
    2026,27(9):1746-1757 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260317002
    [Abstract] (56) [HTML] (40) [PDF 1.94 M] (22)
    Abstract:
    Investigating the diversity of floral organ phenotypic traits in ornamental crabapple cultivars provides theoretical support for targeted breeding， germplasm evaluation， and landscape applications. Seventy-six new crabapple cultivars were studied. Six quantitative floral traits and 14 qualitative floral traits were measured， followed by diversity analysis， correlation analysis， cluster analysis， principal component analysis， and comprehensive evaluation. The Shannon-Wiener diversity indices of six quantitative traits were between 1.04 and 2.05. A total of 65 variation types were detected across the 14 qualitative traits， with diversity indices ranging from 0.75 to 1.92. Small bud color， large bud color， and outer petal color exhibited higher diversity indices， indicating rich genetic diversity. Correlation analysis revealed high coefficients between quantitative traits， with flowering duration showing a highly significant positive correlation with petal number （r=0.74）. Q-type clustering divided the tested crabapples into four major groups： Group I is suitable for breeding single-petaled， light-colored varieties with strong resistance； Group II is suitable for breeding varieties with large， double flowers and a long blooming period； Group III is suitable for breeding varieties with vivid flower colors； and Group IV is suitable for breeding varieties with a high number of pistils and strong productivity. Principal component analysis transformed 20 floral traits into seven principal components， cumulatively explaining 78.13% of variance and capturing the most characteristic information of floral phenotype traits in ornamental crabapple cultivars. Comprehensive evaluation identified 10 key breeding and ornamental materials with outstanding overall traits， including Malus‘Yi Honglian’， M.‘Zhuangyuan Hong’， M.‘Zi Die'er’， M.‘Chang Hong’. This study provides valuable references for the efficient development and utilization of crabapple resources and for breeding ornamental floral traits.
    Comprehensive Evaluation and Correlation Analysis of Phenotypic Traits， Physiological and Biochemical Indicators， and Volatile Components among Different Purple Basil Germplasm Accessions
    JING Guoli, LI Shidong, YU Fulai, YUAN Chao, JIANG Qian, XIE Xiaoli, HUANG Mei, HU Xuan, WANG Kai, CHEN Zhenxia, MIAO Xingfen, GUAN Lingliang, CHEN Songbi
    2026,27(9):1758-1771 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260414004
    [Abstract] (47) [HTML] (23) [PDF 4.53 M] (13)
    Abstract:
    Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens Benth. （purple basil） is valued for its distinctive purple leaves and abundant secondary metabolites， making it important for culinary， ornamental， and medicinal applications. However， studies on purple basil have mainly focused on single cultivars， individual traits， or specific functional components， while multidimensional comparative analyses of comprehensive traits among different purple basil germplasm accessions remain limited. In this study， six purple basil germplasm accessions were evaluated for their botanical traits， physiological and biochemical indicators， and volatile components， and Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore correlations among traits. The results showed that the six tested purple basil germplasm accessions differed markedly in phenotypic traits， physiological and biochemical indicators， and volatile component composition. Noticeable differentiation was observed in leaf color， morphological features， and inflorescence structure， with coefficients of variation ranging from 17.40% to 57.50%. Physiological and biochemical indicators， including relative chlorophyll content （SPAD value）， total phenolic content， total flavonoid content， soluble sugar content， and the activities of superoxide dismutase， peroxidase， and catalase， also varied significantly among the six tested accessions. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） analysis of mature leaves revealed two major volatile-component-based types among the tested accessions： methyl chavicol type and linalool-eucalyptol type. Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations in coloration among different plant tissues， highly significant negative correlation between total phenolic content and anthocyanin content， and between anthocyanin content and superoxide dismutase activity. These findings reflect certain relationships among botanical traits， physiological and biochemical indicators， and the antioxidant system. Based on comprehensive multi-index analysis， the tested accessions showed different utilization potentials for high total phenolic and flavonoid accumulation， relatively high antioxidant enzyme activity， high anthocyanin accumulation， and distinctive aroma characteristics. This study provides a multidimensional perspective on the relationships among phenotype， physiological and biochemical indicators， and leaf volatile composition in purple basil germplasm， and offers a reference for future purple basil germplasm evaluation， screening of functional materials， and targeted breeding.
    Identification and Evaluation of Mesotrione Resistance in Rice Germplasm Resources
    WANG Peina, GE Liyun, SUN Jiajun, CHEN Zhuo, LI Weihan, WEI Yiqun, DU Yanxiu, LI Junzhou, SUN Hongzheng
    2026,27(9):1772-1780 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260407001
    [Abstract] (54) [HTML] (28) [PDF 4.39 M] (21)
    Abstract:
    Weed is a major factor affecting rice yield and quality， and breeding herbicide-resistant rice varieties is an effective approach for weed control. Mesotrione is a 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase -inhibiting herbicide with great application potential because of its broad-spectrum weed-control， safety to succeeding crops， and the low likelihood of resistance development in weeds. Natural alleles conferring mesotrione resistance are present in rice germplasm resources. This study first employed a liquid culture-based evaluation method to determine 0.2 μmol/L mesotrione as the screening concentration for extremely sensitive materials and 0.8 μmol/L mesotrione as the screening concentration for resistant materials. Then， based on the resistance response of different rice germplasm resources to mesotrione， resistance was classified into levels 1， 3， 5， 7， and 9. Among 760 rice germplasm resources， 19 extremely sensitive germplasm with resistance level 9 were selected using 0.2 μmol/L mesotrione concentration. And then the mesotrione concentration was increased to 0.8 μmol/L， four highly resistant germplasm with resistance level 1 and 28 moderately resistant germplasm with resistance level 3 from the 760 germplasm resources were selected. Further field spraying experiments at the seedling and tillering stages showed that the highly resistant germplasm screened in this study could tolerate up to 80 mL/667 m2 of 15% mesotrione suspension concentrate spray in field test. The liquid culture mesotrione resistance identification method established in this study enable rapid and large-scale evaluation of mesotrione resistance in rice germplasm resources. The highly resistant and highly susceptible germplasm identified in this study not only provide excellent genetic resources for breeding new mesotrione-resistant rice varieties， but also offer important materials for resistance gene mining and genetic mechanism analysis.
    Diversity Analysis of Leaf Phenology and Powdery Mildew Disease Grade in 304 Wickham Germplasm Resources of Hevea brasiliensis During Late Winter and Spring
    LI Xiaoqin, YANG Tian, ZHANG Fengliang, WU Yu
    2026,27(9):1781-1793 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260427003
    [Abstract] (43) [HTML] (18) [PDF 2.11 M] (10)
    Abstract:
    This study aimed to screen elite germplasms with resistance or escape to powdery mildew， thereby providing theoretical basis and material support for disease-resistant breeding of Hevea brasiliensis. A total of 304 Wickham germplasm of H. brasiliensis were used as materials to systematically investigate the genetic diversity of botanical traits， leaf phenological and powdery mildew disease grades during late winter and spring， and cluster analysis was conducted. The results showed that the genetic diversity indices of 33 botanical traits ranged from 0.23 to 1.40， and the Shannon-Wiener diversity indices of 12 quantitative leaf morphological traits varied from 1.66 to 2.22. The genetic diversity index of leaf phenology in winter and spring ranged from 0.85 to 1.70， reaching the highest on February 9， and the lowest on April 3. The genetic diversity index of powdery mildew disease grade varied between 0.88 and 1.37， with the highest diversity observed on March 20， when 99% of the germplasm accessions were infected by powdery mildew. Correlation analysis between leaf phenology and powdery mildew disease grade indicated that the copper-red to discoloration transition stage and the discoloration stage of leaves on March 5 were the critical susceptible periods to powdery mildew. At this stage， leaf maturity showed a significantly strong negative correlation with powdery mildew disease grade （r=-0.48）. It is recommended to regard this period as a crucial susceptible stage for the prevention and control of powdery mildew. Based on clustering analysis of leaf phenology and powdery mildew disease grade， the 304 germplasm were divided into six groups. Among them， Groups I and II exhibited similar high susceptibility， differing primarily in that Group I displayed earlier leaf phenology. Similarly， Groups IV and V showed moderate susceptibility， with Group V distinguished by its earlier phenology. Notably， Group Ⅲ was characterized by early leaf abscission， while Group Ⅵ showed the latest leaf defoliation， both with relatively low disease grades. Combined with the growth dynamics of leaf phenology and powdery mildew disease grades， five germplasm accessions including No. 21， No. 152， No. 166， No. 222 and No. 290 were screened out with the mildest disease susceptibility. This study clarified the phenotypic diversity of Wickham germplasm in H. brasiliensis and the correlation rules between phenology and powdery mildew occurrence， and identified superior disease-resistant and disease-escaping materials， which can provide important references for powdery mildew resistance breeding of H. brasiliensis.
    Genetic Analysis of Ear-related Traits in the Very Early-maturing Maize Inbred Line CAVA119
    YAN Xuanjun, SHI Haichao, HUANG Yudi, DONG Yuhang, CUI Yu, XIE Yuxin, WANG Chunchao, SUN Lifang, LI Liang, FU Junjie, FAN Kaijian
    2026,27(9):1794-1807 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260306002
    [Abstract] (51) [HTML] (31) [PDF 3.72 M] (12)
    Abstract:
    The extremely early-maturing maize production region is one of the major commercial grain production bases in China. In recent years， increasing planting density to improve the yield of extremely early-maturing maize has become increasingly difficult， making the improvement of yield per plant an important strategy for overcoming the bottleneck of high yield. However， studies on the genetic loci associated with ear-related traits in extremely early-maturing maize remain limited. In this study， a doubled haploid （DH） population was developed through haploid technology using a cross between the extremely early-maturing inbred line CAVA119 and the medium-early-maturing inbred line 2104113005. Genotyping was performed using the Maize 3K liquid SNP chip. QTL mapping analyses for ear-related traits， including ear length， ear diameter， ear row number， and kernel number per row， were conducted in the DH population and corresponding testcross populations R55921 across three different environments. A total of 86 QTLs associated with ear-related traits were identified. In the DH population， 55 QTLs were detected， including 17， 16， 15， and 7 QTLs associated with ear length， ear diameter， kernel row number， and kernel number per row， respectively. The major-effect locus was qKNPR1-2， with a LOD score of 22.02 and a phenotypic variation explained （PVE） of 12.02%. Among these， 18 yield-increasing alleles were derived from the extremely early-maturing parent CAVA119. In the testcross population， 31 ear-related QTLs were identified， including 8， 14， 5， and 4 QTLs associated with ear length， ear diameter， kernel row number， and kernel number per row， respectively. Among these， 11 yield-increasing alleles were contributed by the extremely early-maturing parent CAVA119. In addition， six QTLs identified in the testcross population overlapped with those detected in the DH population. Furthermore， two novel loci showing stable expression across multiple environments， qEL7-1 and qKNPR7-1， were identified. This study provides important theoretical insights and valuable genetic resources for elucidating the genetic basis of yield-related traits in extremely early-maturing maize and for advancing molecular breeding efforts.
    Transcriptome Analysis of Spontaneous Haploid Genome Duplication in Maize Haploid Tassels
    YANG Jiwei, GUO Ruilan, ZHANG Long, ZHANG Zhanyi, WANG Jing, CAI Qizong, LU Yuncai, WANG Lifeng, LI Huiyong
    2026,27(9):1808-1820 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260430002
    [Abstract] (37) [HTML] (20) [PDF 1.32 M] (12)
    Abstract:
    Commercial doubled haploid （DH） breeding has been widely adopted in maize， highlighting the importance of investigating the spontaneous haploid genome doubling （SHGD） capacity of haploid tassels derived from parental inbred lines. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying SHGD in maize haploid tassels. The high-diploidization line RL36Hap and the low-diploidization line HCL645Hap were used as experimental materials. Anther morphology， I2-KI staining， transcriptome sequencing， and qRT-PCR validation were performed to compare gene expression profiles between the two lines at anther developmental stages 1.0 and 1.5 during prophase of meiosis （anther length 1.0-1.5 mm） and meiosis （anther length 1.5-2.0 mm）， respectively. The results showed that RL36Hap exhibited normal anther development and 95% pollen viability， whereas HCL645Hap displayed shriveled anthers and extremely low pollen viability （0.2%）. Transcriptome analysis identified 6345 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） in HCL645Hap， substantially more than the 2987 in RL36Hap. Gene ontology （GO） enrichment analysis revealed that HCL645Hap was significantly enriched in pathways associated with microtubule-based movement， microtubule motor activity， DNA replication initiation， cytoplasmic translation， and structural constituents of ribosome. In contrast， RL36Hap was enriched in pathways related to nucleosome assembly， response to heat， and cell wall organization. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） analysis further demonstrated that HCL645Hap was significantly enrichment in ribosome， DNA replication， fatty acid metabolism， and riboflavin metabolism pathways， whereas RL36Hap was enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Heatmap analysis and qRT-PCR validation indicated that genes involved in microtubule and DNA replication were highly expressed in HCL645Hap compared with RL36Hap during both development stages， whereas RL36Hap maintained coordinated and moderate expression patterns. In summary， differences in SHGD capacity of haploid tassles are associated with trade-offs among microtubule dynamics， redox homeostasis， and defense responses. Moderate and coordinated regulation， rather than excessive gene expression， appears to be critical for efficient spontaneous genome doubling.
    Genetic Basis and Candidate Gene Mining of Eggplant Single Inflorescence Traits
    LI Meiyu, WANG Benqi, HUANG Shuping, CHEN Xia, TAN Jie, ZHANG Hongyuan, WANG Junliang, CHEN Rong, ZHANG Junhong, ZHANG Min
    2026,27(9):1821-1831 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260428003
    [Abstract] (47) [HTML] (31) [PDF 4.37 M] (10)
    Abstract:
    Inflorescence structure development determines the number of fruits and affects the size of fruits，which is one of the important agronomic traits of eggplant（Solanum melongena L.）. The eggplant single inflorescence material Z1-2 and the cyme material 9712 were used as the experimental parents， and the F2 genetic separation population was created after hybridization and self-crossing. The single inflorescence extreme mixing pool， the cyme extreme mixing pool and the parent pool were constructed respectively. Bulked segregant analysis sequencing （BSA-seq） method was used to resequence the whole genome of parents and extreme mixed ponds， and mapping of the single flower trait in eggplant was carried out to identify candidate genomic regions. At the same time， combined with RNA-seq data， candidate genes controlling single flower development of eggplant were mined. The results showed that the single inflorescence trait of eggplant was a recessive trait， which was controlled by a single recessive gene and belonged to a quality trait. Based on BSA-seq analysis， the candidate gene controlling the single inflorescence trait of eggplant was mapped on chromosome 1， with a total length of 5.25 Mb and an interval containing 432 genes. Combined with transcriptome data analysis， six differentially expressed genes were identified within this interval. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that SMEL4_01g022100.1 and SMEL4_01g021830.1 were highly expressed in the buds of Z1-2， while SMEL4_01g022070.1 and SMEL4_01g022760.1 were highly expressed in the buds of 9712. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the genetic mechanism of single inflorescence traits in eggplant.
    Core Regulatory Pathway and Genes of Soluble Sugar Accumulation in Different Growth Periods of Psathyrostachys juncea
    ZHOU Chengmei, YUN Lan, AI Qian, LI Bohua, HE Yuhang, REN Nana, LI Zhen
    2026,27(9):1832-1844 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260403003
    [Abstract] (34) [HTML] (18) [PDF 4.76 M] (6)
    Abstract:
    Psathyrostachys juncea is a perennial forage grass widely distributed in northern China. It is well-known of high abiotic stress resistance and high nutritional value. Soluble sugars are small-molecule photosynthetic products， which serve to store energy and regulate osmotic pressure， thereby helping to regulate growth and resist stress.They are key indicators to determine quality， palatability， energy level and feeding value of forage. In this study， the leaves of P. juncea were collected as experimental materials to evaluate the soluble sugar content at spring re-greening stage， summer booting stage and fall tillering stage.The results showed that the leaf soluble sugar content of booting stage was significantly higher than that of other two stages. The differentially expressed genes were screened by transcriptome sequencing to compare and analyze the synthesis-related pathways of different germplasm of P. juncea. The results showed that a total of 2830 differentially expressed genes were identified in three stages， including 531， 765 and 686 unique differentially expressed genes in re-greening stage， booting stage and tillering stages， respectively， showing obvious growth stage-specific expression characteristics. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism， protein synthesis， and glucose metabolism-related pathways， among which pentose phosphate pathway， glycolysis/gluconeogenesis， starch and sucrose metabolism， and galactose metabolism were the key regulatory pathways. Seven core genes， PGI1， PGI2， HXK1， PFK3， PFK7， FBA2 and PK， were screened out. These genes affect the activity of key enzymes through synergistic regulation or pathway-specific regulation， forming a differentiated soluble sugar accumulation model. The qRT-PCR validation further confirmed the consistency between the expression profiles of these seven genes and the transcriptome data.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for revealing the molecular regulation mechanism of soluble sugar accumulation in P. juncea， and also provide candidate gene resources for the subsequent quality improvement of perennial forage grasses.
    Identification of the CLC Gene Family in Millet and Analysis of Its Expression Patterns under Nitrogen Stress
    XIE Yongxiang, ZHU Yue, HUANG Rui, WANG Yanzhen, CUI Guoqing, HE Qiang, MU Zhixin, WANG Haigang
    2026,27(9):1845-1860 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260424002
    [Abstract] (41) [HTML] (17) [PDF 4.57 M] (9)
    Abstract:
    Chloride channel （CLC） play crucial roles in plant nitrogen utilization， chloride ion concentration regulation， and abiotic stress resistance. However， a comprehensive genome-wide identification of this gene family is still lacking in foxtail millet （Setaria italica）， a model C4 crop. In this study， a total of nine CLC genes were identified in the foxtail millet genome through Blastp alignment and HMM searches. In summary， this study provides a systematic identification and analysis of the SiCLC gene family in foxtail millet， dividing it into five groups. Chromosomal localization revealed that these nine genes are unevenly distributed across seven different chromosomes. Subcellular localization prediction suggested that all SiCLC members are likely localized to the plasma membrane. Phylogenetic and collinearity analyses suggested a closer evolutionary relationship between foxtail millet and rice. Protein structure prediction indicated that SiCLC are predominantly composed of α-helices and random coils. Transmembrane domain prediction showed that SiCLC proteins contain 8 to 10 transmembrane domains. Analyses of conserved Motifs， domains， and gene structure revealed that members within the same group share similar structures and potential functions. Promoter cis-acting element analysis identified various regulatory elements related to abiotic stress， hormone response and light responsiveness. Transcriptome data revealed that SiCLC genes exhibit progressively elevated expression levels in stems， leaves， and roots， respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） results demonstrated that members sharing the same conserved domain exhibit similar expression patterns， with SiCLC-g2 showing the highest expression level after 12 h high-nitrogen treatment. Haplotype analysis of SiCLC-g2 identified Hap1 as the predominant haplotype. Combined with qRT-PCR results， it is suggested that this gene family is involved in nitrogen stress response. This study provides a foundational resource for future functional characterization of nitrogen-use-efficiency-related genes in foxtail millet.
    Identification of the CmSPL Gene Family in Melon （Cucumis melo L.） and Its Expression Analysis under Salt and Drought Stresses
    WANG Ming, LIU Jiang, FAN Yapeng, WANG Changbiao, YANG Jinming
    2026,27(9):1861-1875 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260415001
    [Abstract] (48) [HTML] (21) [PDF 6.23 M] (8)
    Abstract:
    Melon （Cucumis melo L.） is a widely cultivated and important horticultural crop that frequently suffers from abiotic stress during its growth and development. SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like （SPL） transcription factors are a class of plant-specific regulators that recognize and bind to the SQUAMOSA region in the promoters of MADS-box genes， playing crucial roles in plant development and abiotic stress responses. In this study， we performed a genome-wide identification of the SPL gene family members in melon using bioinformatics approaches， and systematically analyzed their protein physicochemical properties， phylogenetic relationships， chromosomal localization， gene structures， conserved motifs， cis-acting elements in promoters， and expression patterns in different tissues. Furthermore， qRT-PCR was used to screen key CmSPL genes that respond positively to drought and salt stresses. The results showed that the melon SPL gene family consists of 15 members， which can be classified into 6 subfamilies with relatively conserved gene structures and protein motifs. Promoter analysis revealed an abundance of cis-regulatory elements associated with light response， phytohormone signaling， stress responsiveness， and growth and development. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that 40% of the CmSPL genes were significantly or highly significantly induced at all time points under drought stress treatment， while 46.6% of the CmSPL genes were similarly significantly or highly significantly induced at all time points under salt stress treatment. Among them， CmSPL9， CmSPL10， CmSPL11， CmSPL14， and CmSPL15 were all significantly or highly significantly induced under drought and salt stress， and they might be the key genes regulating both drought stress and salt stress responses. This study systematically revealed the molecular characteristics of the melon SPL gene family and their responses to abiotic stresses， providing an important theoretical basis for further understanding the biological functions of CmSPL in stress adaptation and for stress-resistance breeding in melon.
    Development of indica-rice Restorer Line with High Resistant Starch Content by Editing SBE3 Gene Using CRISPR-Cas9 Technology
    ZENG Yuehui, XIAO Changchun, QI Jiamin, HUANG Jianhong, YANG Shanglin, XU Xuming, WEI Xinyu
    2026,27(9):1876-1892 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260328001
    [Abstract] (58) [HTML] (17) [PDF 7.10 M] (12)
    Abstract:
    The breeding of functional rice varieties with high resistant starch content has now become an important direction in hybrid rice breeding. SBE3 （Starch Branching Enzyme 3）， a key functional gene in the resistant starch biosynthetic pathway， encodes a starch branching enzyme. In this study， the SBE3 gene in Huazhan， an elite indica rice restorer line with high eating quality and resistance to rice blast， was edited and knocked out using CRISPR-Cas9-mediated technology. Three T0 transgenic lines carrying homozygous mutation at the locus of SBE3 were generated， and 60 T1 individuals derived from these three plants were genotyped by PCR amplification and sequencing analysis. Two homozygous mutant lines， named HZ-sbe3-rs1 and HZ-sbe3-rs2， which had deletions of two and seven nucleotides， respectively， in the third exon of SBE3 and were free of exogenous vectors， were finally obtained. The resistant starch content was dramatically increased in HZ-sbe3-rs1 and HZ-sbe3-rs2. Concomitantly， starch granule morphology and ultrastructural development were abnormal in both mutant lines. RT-PCR and qRT-PCR revealed that SBE3 gene is specifically expressed in young panicles during the filling stage in rice. Compared with the wild-type Huazhan， the mRNA transcript level of the SBE3 gene was markedly lower in HZ-sbe3-rs1 and HZ-sbe3-rs2. DNA fingerprinting analysis showed that HZ-sbe3-rs1 and HZ-sbe3-rs2 exhibited an extremely high genetic similarity with wild-type Huazhan at the DNA level. Phenotypic and agronomic characteristics evaluation indicated that the key yield-related traits of HZ-sbe3-rs1 and HZ-sbe3-rs2 did not differ significantly from those of the wild type. Further investigation demonstrated that SBE3 plays a vital role in regulating the expression of starch synthesis-related genes， such as Wx and SBE1， in the endosperm during the grain-filling stage in rice. Loss-of-function mutations in SBE3 will seriously disrupt the transcriptional expression of these genes at the RNA level， thereby altering the content of amylose and resistant starch in mature grains and， to some extent， affecting the grain appearance quality， cooking and eating quality of rice. By crossing the CMS （cytoplasmic male sterile） line Tianfeng A with HZ-sbe3-rs1 and HZ-sbe3-rs2， respectively， two hybrid combinations Tianfeng A/HZ-sbe3-rs1 and Tianfeng A/HZ-sbe3-rs2 were generated. Of which， the key agronomic characteristics and yields were comparable to those of the control variety Tianyouhuazhan. Therefore， CRISPR-Cas9 technology can be used to edit the SBE3 gene and improve the resistant starch content in rice. It provides theoretical guidance for development of novel indica-rice restorer line with excellent comprehensive traits and significantly increased resistant starch content， leading to an accelerated breeding process of functional hybrid rice with high resistant starch content.
    技术规程
    Technical Code of Practice for Determination of Low-Processing-Loss Head Rice Yield in Paddy Rice
    CUI Di, ZHU Zichao, MA Xiaoding, XIONG Ying, HAN Bing, WANG Chutao, OUYANG Jie, LI Xianyong, HAN Longzhi
    2026,27(9):1893-1897 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260422001
    [Abstract] (39) [HTML] (30) [PDF 632.82 K] (12)
    Abstract:
    Head rice yield is a key indicator for evaluating rice processing quality， commodity value， and low-loss grain-saving traits， and it carries important strategic significance for ensuring food security and promoting the grain quality and efficiency improvement in the rice industry. Although China has established a standard technical system for the determination of head rice yield in paddy rice， there are still problems including scattered standards， poor technical connection， great differences in methodological orientation， inconsistent grading thresholds， and a lack of grading standards for low-processing-loss trait. These issues make it difficult to precisely meet the urgent practical needs of rice low-loss rice breeding and industrial grain saving and loss reduction. To tackle the above shortcomings， this paper formulates the technical code of practice for determination of low-processing-loss head rice yield in paddy rice， based on the systematic integration of existing national standards， industry standards and relevant research findings. This specification systematically standardizes key technical links， including sample preparation， instrument and equipment debugging， hulling， milling， head rice yield determination， result calculation and grading judgment of head rice yield. It aims to provide standardized technical support for the accurate evaluation of low-prcessing-loss head rice yield in rice germplasm resources， as well as for the identification and screening of low-loss breeding materials. It also contributes to enhancing the efficiency of low-loss grain quality breeding for rice and elevating the level of grain saving and loss reduction across the entire rice industrial chain.
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    Genome-Wide Characterization and Abiotic Stress-responsive Expression of the Arogenate Dehydratase Gene Family in Peanut
    付春
    Available online:  October 08, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260704001
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.27 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    Arogenate dehydratase(ADT) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the phenylalanine biosynthetic pathway and plays essential roles in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stresses.However, the ADT gene family has not been systematically characterized in peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.). Here, eight ADT genes were identified for the first time at the whole-genome level in cultivated peanut and found to be unevenly distributed across six chromosomes. The encoded proteins range from 369 to 504 amino acids in length, with molecular weights of 40.93–55.19 kDa and isoelectric points between 4.37 and 8.29. All the peanut ADT proteins were predicted to localize to the chloroplast, and their promoter regions harbor numerous cis-acting elements responsive to phytohormones(e.g., ABA, MJ) and abiotic stresses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the peanut ADT family is highly conserved across plant species and clusters into three orthologous groups with Arabidopsis thaliana ADTs. Expression profiling demonstrated marked spatiotemporal divergence among family members: arahy.A5D6C6 was highly expressed during pod shell development, arahy.Z36GDV showed sustained activity throughout seed filling, and arahy.71EM27 exhibited perianth-specific expression. This precise expression partitioning aligns with critical developmental processes in peanut—including flowering, geocarpy, and seed maturation—and likely provides metabolic support for its unique underground fruiting habit. Furthermore, distinct stress-responsive patterns were observed among ADT members. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that arahy.YB5YRA was significantly upregulated under salt stress, while arahy.Z36GDV was significantly induced by drought stress, suggesting that they may serve as key positive regulators in response to salt and drought stresses, respectively. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the peanut ADT gene family and establishes a foundation for functional validation and molecular breeding aimed at improving abiotic stress resilience and seed quality in peanut.
    Advances in Molecular Genetic Research on Wheat Grain Number per Spike
    燕云 刘
    Available online:  October 08, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260628001
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 843.63 K] (0)
    Abstract:
    Grain number per spike (GNS) is a critical determinant of wheat yield. Its formation involves complex interactions among genetic background, agronomic management, and environmental conditions.A systematic understanding of its genetic regulatory framework is essential to overcome current yield limitations in wheat breeding programs. Progress in molecular marker development, high-throughput genomic sequencing, and gene-editing tools, such as CRISPR/Cas9, has significantly accelerated the fine mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), cloning of key genes, and in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying GNS. This review systematically summarizes current research progress on the genetic regulation of GNS in wheat. First, the biological basis of wheat spike development is elaborated, and the genetic mapping based on linkage analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) is summarized. Second, it focuses on the functional dissection of key regulatory genes, including transcription factors, genes involved in metabolism and development, and miRNA-mediated regulatory modules, highlighting their roles in spike development. Furthermore, it summarizes the development of molecular markers and their applications in breeding, discussing strategies for pyramiding favorable alleles and creating novel breeding materials. Finally, based on current research trends, future directions are prospected, including integrating multi-omics technologies to decipher complex genetic networks, advancing the application of gene editing and other frontier technologies, and achieving systematic trait optimization through allele pyramiding and whole-genome design. This review aims to provide theoretical insights and technical pathways for molecular breeding design towards high and stable wheat yields.
    Physiological Responses and Transcriptomic Analysis of Vegetable Sweetpotato under Low-temperature Stress
    YANG Tianni, XIAO Shizhuo, YU Wenhui, DAI Xibin, WANG Yao, ZHOU Zhilin, XU Tao, CAO Qinghe
    Available online:  October 07, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260810004
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 4.49 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    Vegetable sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a a specialized sweetpotato type characterized by numerous branches and rapid stem and leaf growth. In this study, 13 vegetable sweetpotato varieties were selected, and seven physiological indices were measured under low-temperature treatments at 4 °C and 10 °C. The membership function method combined with physiological indices was used to comprehensively evaluate the cold tolerance of the 13 varieties, and varieties with extreme differences in cold tolerance were screened. Combined with transcriptome analysis and qPCR validation, candidate cold-tolerance-related genes were mined. Physiological results showed that the activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in some varieties increased first and then decreased, while catalase (CAT) activity in some varieties remained at a relatively high level. After 24 h of low-temperature stress at 4°C, soluble sugar (SS) content increased in all varieties, whereas after 48 h of treatment, SS content decreased in most varieties. Under low-temperature stress at 4°C and 10°C for 6 h and 24 h, soluble protein (SP) content showed no obvious change compared with the control, but as the low-temperature treatment was extended to 48 h, SP content increased significantly in all varieties. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content continued to accumulate with prolonged stress, with varying increases among varieties. After 48 h of low-temperature stress, relative chlorophyll content in most varieties decreased compared with the control, with relatively small differences in the degree of decline among varieties. Through comprehensive membership function evaluation, the cold-tolerant variety Guangcaishu 10 and the cold-sensitive variety Fucaishu 1830-11 were selected for transcriptome sequencing. Based on the sequencing data, four cold-tolerance-related genes of vegetable sweetpotato—g4756, g45960, g16588, and g16591—were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), differential expression analysis, and functional annotation. Moreover, the qPCR results were highly consistent with the expression trends at the four time points obtained by transcriptome sequencing. This study clarified the temporal response characteristics of physiological indices in vegetable sweetpotato under low-temperature stress, screened cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive germplasm with extreme differences through multi-dimensional evaluation for the first time, and preliminarily identified cold-tolerance genes in vegetable sweetpotato by transcriptome analysis, providing germplasm and gene resources as well as theoretical support for breeding cold-tolerant vegetable sweetpotato.
    Comprehensive Evaluation and Screening of Drought Resistance in Peanut Germplasm at the Seedling stage Based on Root System Architecture
    Xiong Tao, Sun Quanxi, Shan Shihua, Li Chunjuan, Zhang Lei, Chen Tingting, Wang Qi
    Available online:  October 07, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260616001
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.97 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed and economic crop worldwide, and drought stress is a major abiotic constraint limiting its growth, development, yield, and quality. To identify elite drought-resistant germplasm and determine root traits suitable for evaluating drought resistance at the seedling stage, 92 peanut germplasm accessions were evaluated under drought stress, and eight root morphological traits were systematically characterized, including total root length, root surface area, root average diameter, root tip number, maximum root length, number of forks, 0~0.5 mm fine-root length, and root dry weight. The results showed substantial phenotypic variation among the accessions, with broad distributions of drought resistance coefficients, indicating genotype-dependent responses to drought stress. Correlation analysis revealed that the drought resistance coefficient of 0~0.5 mm fine-root length was highly significantly and positively correlated with those of total root length (r = 0.94, P < 0.01), number of forks (r = 0.75, P < 0.01), and root surface area (r = 0.56, P < 0.01). Principal component analysis (PCA) reduced the eight drought resistance coefficients to three principal components, which together accounted for 82.51% of the total variance. Based on the comprehensive drought resistance value (D-value), the 92 accessions were classified by cluster analysis into four groups: highly drought-resistant (I), moderately drought-resistant (II), weakly drought-resistant (III), and drought-sensitive (IV). Among them, ‘Bairizi’ (CC128, D = 0.82) and ‘Zheng 72-5’ (CC35, D = 0.77) showed relatively high comprehensive drought resistance and were identified as promising drought-resistant germplasm. Furthermore, a multiple stepwise regression equation was established : D = 0.315 × DCRSA + 0.176 × DCNF + 0.104 × DCRDW - 0.220（R2 = 0.971，P < 0.01）. These findings provide useful germplasm resources and a reference framework for drought-resistant germplasm screening and drought-resistance evaluation in peanut seedlings.
    Identification and Evaluation of Drought Resistance at Seedling Stage of 138 Maize Inbred Lines
    韩斌, 王长彪, 范亚朋, 刘江, 赵兴华, 王铭
    Available online:  September 08, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260616004
    [Abstract] (47) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.79 M] (26)
    Abstract:
    Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most widely cultivated crop worldwide. Drought, intensified by global warming and increasingly frequent extreme weather events, has emerged as a major limiting factor for global maize production. Identifying drought-tolerant germplasm is therefore critical for genetic improvement of stress tolerance. In this study, 138 maize inbred lines representing seven mainstream heterotic groups were subjected to severe osmotic stress using 20% PEG-6000 at the seedling stage. Six morphological traits—fresh weight, dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, plant height, and root length—were measured as indicators of drought response. A multidimensional evaluation framework integrating subordinate function analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and systematic cluster analysis was employed to assess drought resistance comprehensively and to compare differential responses among genetic groups.Drought stress significantly reduced all measured traits. Based on the comprehensive drought-resistance D-value, the 138 inbred lines were clustered into fours subgroup: extremely drought-tolerant group, drought-tolerant groups, drought-sensitive group, and extremely drought-sensitive materials group. Fourteen extremely drought-tolerant lines were identified, of which seven belonged to the Reid heterotic group. Cluster analysis further revealed pronounced inter-group differentiation in drought tolerance, with the Reid group showing the highest proportion of highly tolerant genotypes. This advantage is likely attributable to their compact plant architecture, well-developed root systems, and efficient water-use capacity. Collectively, our findings systematically characterize the genetic diversity in drought resistance across major heterotic groups and highlight divergent adaptive strategies under osmotic stress. The elite germplasms identified here provide valuable resources for drought-resistance gene discovery, parental line development, and marker-assisted breeding. Moreover, these results offer a theoretical framework for the targeted utilization and genetic enhancement of drought-tolerant maize germplasm in future breeding programs.
    Analysis on Early-phase Phenotypic Diversity and Comprehensive Evaluation for Agronomic Traits of Introduced Hevea brasiliensis Wickham Germplasm in Yunnan
    yangtian, 张凤良, 吴裕, 周艳
    Available online:  September 08, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260714002
    [Abstract] (53) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.28 M] (20)
    Abstract:
    Most of the Hevea brasiliensis cultivars have long adopted a limited number of Wickham germplasms as core parents in China, leading to a narrow genetic base. Consequently, systematic evaluation of foreign-introduced Wickham germplasms holds significant value for expanding the genetic diversity of breeding parents. In this study, 82 foreign-introduced H. brasiliensis Wickham germplasms were assessed for stem girth, dry rubber yield, dry rubber content, and tapping panel dryness (TPD) grade. The variation patterns, genetic diversity, and correlation of these traits were analyzed. Meanwhile, comprehensive evaluations were conducted using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis. The results showed that the annual girth increment of tested germplasms increased continuously with stand age, while the coefficient of variation (CV) presented a fluctuating declining trend with increasing stand age..Dry rubber yield exhibited a seasonal variation pattern of “low–rise–fall–rise–slow decline” across the three years. The monthly CV for yield ranged from 44.98% to 122.70% with the highest dispersion observed in the first tapping year (peaking at 122.70% in July 2018) and relatively low variation in the third tapping year (44.98%–49.63% from August to December 2020). Mean dry rubber content remained stable between 34.27% and 34.66% over the three years, with CV values ranging from 3.33% to 6.27%, indicating low phenotypic dispersion. The mean tapping panel dryness (TPD) grade over the two-year period ranged from 2.04 to 2.64, with coefficients of variation (CV) of 45.90%–53.70%, indicating a high degree of phenotypic dispersion. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') revealed rich genetic diversity within the population, with values ranging from 1.61 to 1.87 for 13-year stem girth, 1.41 to 1.97 for dry rubber yield, and 1.75 to 2.01 for TPD grade. Correlation analysis showed that stem girth exhibited highly significant positive correlations (P < 0.01) between adjacent growth years, and such correlation gradually weakened as standage intervals increased.. The stem girth of 8-year-old H. brasiliensis showed significant positive correlations with dry rubber yield during the second and third tapping years (P?
    Identification of Panicle Traits and Screening of Elite Germplasm in 354 Foxtail Millet Accessions
    高鸣、王宗芳, 周柏卉, 徐晨, 刁现民、张伟龙
    Available online:  September 01, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260527001
    [Abstract] (61) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.20 M] (28)
    Abstract:
    Based on the F9 and F10 populations derived from 354 spring-summer foxtail millet biparental crosses, this study systematically evaluated the genetic variation within the population materials and identified elite germplasm for breeding utilization. Twelve panicle traits were investigated in segments under two environments. Methods including analysis of variance (ANOVA), best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) adjustment, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis were employed. The results indicated that all quantitative traits showed highly significant differences between the two years (P &lt; 0.001).The coefficients of variation for panicle traits ranged from 11.65%(1000-grain weight) to 53.64%(number of grains per primary branch). The genetic diversity index ranged from 0.95(number of grains per primary branch) to 1.35 (grain weight of the basal 3/4 panicle segment). The broad-sense heritability varied between 0.174(number of grains per primary branch) and 0.757 (1000-grain weight). Correlation analysis revealed highly significant positive correlations between panicle weight, grain weight of individual panicle segments , number of grains per primary branch, panicle diameter, and 1000-grain weight; whereas the number of grains per panicle segment was negatively correlated with most yield-related traits. Cluster analysis classified the materials into two clusters, and cluster II was characterized by fewer primary branches and higher grain yield. PCA extracted five principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 83.8%. Based on comprehensive scores, 18 elite accessions were screened, among which 5 (F &gt; 1.5) could serve as important parental lines for high-yield breeding.
    Genetic Diversity Analysis of Schima superba Clonal Germplasm Using SSR Markers
    满德强, 陈虎, 蒙兰杨, 李云晶, 张书瑜, 黄仕焕, 唐启乐, 唐国强
    Available online:  August 25, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260707001
    [Abstract] (65) [HTML] (0) [PDF 900.82 K] (17)
    Abstract:
    In this study, 11 pairs of polymorphic SSR primers were employed to assess the genetic diversity, dissect the population structure, and construct DNA fingerprints for 205 clonal accessions of Schima superba. Across the 11 loci, a total of 184 alleles were detected, with an average of 16.7 alleles per locus (Na = 16.7). The mean values of effective number of alleles (Ne), Shannon’s information index (I), observed heterozygosity (Ho), and expected heterozygosity (He) were 8.158, 2.120, 0.694, and 0.793, respectively. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.776, with nine loci showing high polymorphism (PIC > 0.5). Fixation index (F) analysis revealed F > 0 at 10 loci, indicating an excess of homozygotes within the population. UPGMA clustering based on genetic distances divided the seven geographic populations into two major groups, with the Ziyuan (ZY) population exhibiting significantly larger genetic distances from the other six populations (0.377 - 0.526) than the average distance within the latter group (mean 0.192). Population structure analysis (K = 4) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) also supported the subdivision into four subgroups, but with substantial overlap among subgroups, reflecting frequent gene flow. Among the six nonZY populations, Fst values ranged from 0.013 to 0.045, whereas Fst between ZY and the others ranged from 0.088 to 0.123, with corresponding gene flow (Nm) estimates of 5.350 - 19.721 and 1.784 - 2.589, respectively. AMOVA showed that variation among populations accounted for only 4%, among individuals within populations for 10%, and within individuals for 86%, indicating that genetic variation was predominantly distributed within individuals. A DNA fingerprinting profile for the 205 accessions was successfully constructed using binary “0/1” coding. Collectively, the clonal germplasm of Schima superba harbors abundant genetic diversity with weak interpopulation differentiation, and intraindividual variation is the primary source of total variation. The ZY population displays pronounced genetic uniqueness and merits prioritized conservation and utilization. The established fingerprinting system can facilitate germplasm identification, core collection construction, and parental selection in breeding programs.
    Screening and Identification of Turnip mosaic virus-Resistant Germplasm in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
    锦强 梅, PAN Xinyu, LIU Feilong, LIlizhi, wangyixin, yuchangchun, WAN Zhengjie, FUQiang
    Available online:  August 24, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260608002
    [Abstract] (63) [HTML] (0) [PDF 947.13 K] (6)
    Abstract:
    Brassica juncea is an important specialty vegetable and processing material in China, used for fresh consumption, processing, seasoning, and oil extraction. Among these, the processing-type mustard industry has a large scale and irreplaceable economic value. Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), as the most damaging viral disease in mustard, severely restricts mustard production, causing stunting, chlorosis, and significant reductions in yield and commercial quality, thus constraining the high-quality and sustainable development of the vegetable industry. In this study, 205 mustard germplasm accessions were inoculated by mechanical rubbing at the seedling stage and subjected to ELISA to evaluate their resistance to TuMV. The results showed significant differences in resistance among the 205 accessions, with disease index ranging from 0 to 100. A total of 3 immune, 16 highly resistant, and 4 resistant accessions were screened out. Using incidence rate and disease index as variables, the genetic distance between accessions was calculated based on squared Euclidean distance. Systematic cluster analysis using the between-groups linkage method classified the materials into five groups, which showed high consistency with the resistance grading results. Further ELISA analysis of 83 representative Brassica juncea accessions revealed that the phenotypes were largely consistent with virus accumulation levels. The resistant germplasm mainly originated from Fujian, Sichuan, and Guangxi provinces, with predominant varieties being Brassica juncea var. crassicaulis Chen et Yang, Brassica juncea var. megarrhiza Tsen et Lee, and Brassica juncea var. Latipa Li. The elite resistant sources identified in this study provide a material basis for TuMV-resistant breeding and new variety development in Brassica juncea.
    Collection and Diversity Analysis of Linfen Shanxi Germplasm Resources
    黄蕊, 秦慧彬, 侯森, 王海岗, 穆志新
    Available online:  August 24, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260429002
    [Abstract] (63) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.13 M] (10)
    Abstract:
    A comprehensive survey was conducted in 17 counties (districts) of Linfen City, Shanxi Province. Based on this, six counties with abundant germplasm resources were selected for systematic investigation and rescue collection. A total of 1,040 accessions were collected, with longitude, latitude, altitude, and crop type information recorded. Species accumulation curve was used to evaluate sampling sufficiency, spatial cluster analysis was employed to reveal distribution patterns, and altitude gradient analysis was applied to explore crop type transition patterns. The results showed that the species accumulation curve tended to flatten, with the observed species number (78) reaching the Chao1 estimated value, indicating sufficient sampling. The germplasm resources of Linfen City covered 29 families, 57 genera, and 78 species. Among them, grain crops comprised 646 accessions, accounting for 62.1% of the crop type composition. Fabaceae and Poaceae were widely distributed, present in all 17 counties, and together accounted for 60.67% of the total accessions. Along the altitude gradient, fruit trees accounted for 60% of resources in the low-altitude zone (<600 m); with increasing altitude, the proportion of grain crops rose to 73% (1,200–1,400 m); in the high-altitude zone (>1,400 m), the proportion of fruit trees rebounded to 45%. In addition to systematic collection of conventional resources, this survey also identified specific germplasm including 12 winter-hardy crop accessions, 47 wild resources, and 492 stress-resistant resources. The spatial distribution of germplasm resources in Linfen City was significantly influenced by altitude and topography. This study helps clarify the current status and distribution patterns of germplasm resources in Linfen City, and can provide a scientific basis for regional germplasm resource protection and utilization, as well as breeding of stress-resistant and high-quality varieties.
    Identification of Salt Tolerance of 154 Xinjiang Wheat Germplasms and Transcriptome Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Germplasms
    哈力旦, 刘娜, 刘联正, 周安定, 任岩岩, 曹俊梅, 张新忠
    Available online:  August 24, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260608003
    [Abstract] (73) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.56 M] (10)
    Abstract:
    Wheat is one of the most important staple crops worldwide. However, salt stress caused by soil salinization severely constrains its stable yield and productivity. Conventional approaches for ameliorating saline–alkali soils, including physical, chemical, and biological strategies, are generally limited by high costs, poor stability, and susceptibility to environmental fluctuations. Therefore, enhancingsalt tolerance in wheat represents the most effective and direct approach to cope with salinized lands. In this study, 154 wheat accessions endemic to Xinjiang, China, were evaluated for salt tolerance at both germination and seedling stages under simulated salt stress with 256 mmol·L?¹ NaCl. Based on the phenotypic evaluation, contrasting accessions were selected for subsequent transcriptome profiling. The results showed that salt stress significantly inhibited seed germination potential, germination rate, and seedling growth vigor, with substantial variations in salt tolerance observed among accessions at both developmental stages. A total of 23 tolerant and 35 sensitive accessions were identified. Comparative GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the tolerant cultivar ''Xindong 40'' and the sensitive cultivar ''Xindong 48'' revealed distinct transcriptional strategies. In ''Xindong 40'', up-regulated DEGs were mainly enriched in ABA signaling, redox homeostasis maintenance, and flavonoid biosynthesis, whereas down-regulated DEGs were associated with auxin response and basal energy metabolism, suggesting a coordinated stress response involving activation of defense signaling and protective metabolism alongside suppression of growth-related processes. In contrast, up-regulated DEGs in ''Xindong 48'' were predominantly linked to membrane transport and antioxidant metabolism, while key pathways including photosynthesis, carbon/nitrogen fixation, and brassinosteroid biosynthesis were down-regulated, indicating impaired photosystem function and disrupted energy homeostasis. Integrated analysis of DEGs and enrichment results further identified key salt-responsive candidate genes, including SOS(TraesCS1B02G370900) and HKT (TraesCS7B02G318800, TraesCS7D02G411300) family members. Collectively, this study provides important theoretical insights and genetic resources for dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in wheat, facilitating the discovery of salt-tolerance genes and the breeding of novel tolerant varieties.
    Haplotype identification and molecular marker development for SiNAC075 controlling foxtail millet panicle weight
    竹悦, 孟强
    Available online:  August 19, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260715004
    [Abstract] (73) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.71 M] (10)
    Abstract:
    Mining functional genes associated with panicle yield-related traits represents an important avenue for genetic improvement and molecular breeding of foxtail millet. In this study, a genome-wide association analysis was conducted to identify a locus associated with panicle weight on chromosome 3 of foxtail millet. Combined with linkage disequilibrium analysis and genome annotation, SiNAC075 (Seita.3G111000) was identified as the candidate gene. The gene spans approximately 3.3 kb and contains 4 exons and 3 introns, as well as UTRs. Haplotype analysis indicates that key variation of SiNAC075 resides in the promoter, with H001 as the elite haplotype and H005 as the inferior haplotype. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SiNAC075 shares the closest genetic distance with Sevir.3G113300, and the two proteins cluster in the same clade of the phylogenetic tree. Expression profiling across the whole growth period revealed that SiNAC075 is predominantly expressed in roots at seedling and heading stages, as well as in flag leaves at flowering stage. Furthermore, as a transcription factor, SiNAC075 possesses a typical nuclear localization signal. Additionally, leveraging the key variations in the promoter, we developed a KASP marker to identify the elite allele H001 and inferior haplotype H005, thereby providing technical support for improving yield breeding efficiency in foxtail millet.
    A Report on the Supplementary Field Survey and Collection of Wild Soybean (Glycine soja) Germplasm Resources in Fujian Province
    Li Xiang-Hua
    Available online:  August 19, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260716002
    [Abstract] (92) [HTML] (0) [PDF 613.31 K] (11)
    Abstract:
    The National Crop Genebank currently conserves 368 accessions of wild soybean (Glycine soja) from Fujian Province, collected between 1980 and 1982 across 26 counties (cities and districts) within four prefecture-level cities: Nanping, Sanming, Longyan, and Ningde. More than 40 years later, we conducted a supplementary field survey and germplasm collection in 2025, covering 25 county-level administrative regions,with a particular focus on areas with no prior accessions deposited in the Genebank. For the first time, wild soybean populations were documented in three additional prefecture-level cities: Fuzhou, Quanzhou, and Zhangzhou. We collected germplasm from 19 new county-level regions, representing a 73.08% increase in the number of county-level regions, and obtained a total of 75 populations, a 20.38% increase over the province's previously held accessions. Two novel morphotypes were newly newly discovered in this survey: a bloom-lacking glossy seed coat type and a long-inflorescence type. This survey also revealed that the southern distribution limit of wild soybean in Fujian has shifted markedly southward relative to historical records. The new southern limit in southeastern Fujian is located in Changle District, Fuzhou City, representing a southward shift of approximately 93 km in latitudinal straight-line distance relative to the former southern limit at Xiapu County, Ningde City. The new southern limit in the northern part of southern Fujian is in Yongchun County, Quanzhou City, representing a southward shift of approximately 90 km in latitudinal straight-line distance relative to the former limit at Youxi County, Sanming City. The new southern limit in southwestern Fujian is in Nanjing County, Zhangzhou City, representing a southward shift of approximately 50 km in latitudinal straight-line distance relative to the former limit at Shanghang County, Longyan City. The discovery of the southern marginal populations in Changle District of Fuzhou City and Nanjing County of Zhangzhou City has expanded our understanding of the distribution of wild soybean (Glycine soja) in China: this species was previously confined to regions north of the mid-subtropical zone and is now confirmed to occur in the south-subtropical zone. This finding provides the latest evidence for the conservation of wild soybean resources in southern China, germplasm collection campaigns, and floristic regionalization of the genus Glycine.
    Studies on Physiological Responses and Factors Influencing Recovery during Cryopreservation of Sweet Potato
    zhong shu yu
    Available online:  August 11, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260414003
    [Abstract] (106) [HTML] (0) [PDF 918.09 K] (9)
    Abstract:
    Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a globally important crop for food, feed, and industrial raw materials. The long-term safe preservation of its germplasm resources is of great strategic significance for breeding innovation, industrial development and food security. Cryopreservation provides an important approach for the safe, economical, and long-term preservation of vegetatively propagated germplasm resources. However, the cryopreservation of sweet potato is generally hindered by bottlenecks such as difficulty in survival and regrowth. In this study, using the sweet potato cultivar 'Mianshu ' as the materials, i.e. ‘Mianshu 12’, , we optimized the droplet-vitrification cryopreservation protocol, focusing on exploring the effects of PVS2 treatment duration, compositions of vitrification solutions with varying DMSO concentrations. light quality composition during recovery culture, and plant growth regulator combinations in the culture medium on the survival and regrowth of sweet potato shoot tips. Additionally, physiological response mechanisms were elucidated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and chlorophyll content analysis. The results showed that the optimal droplet-vitrification cryopreservation procedure consisted of a PVS2 treatment duration of 30 min, which could enable the shoot tip cells to achieve stable glass state; the chlorophyll content decreased significantly during cryoprevation proceduresthe treatments before post-recovery; while the applicationuse of red-blue composite light during the recovery stage could significantly promote the regrowth of cryopreserved shoot tips, with the optimal ratio of red to blue light of 8:2; and the suitable recovery medium composition was MS + 0.5 mg/L GA? + 0.5 mg/L 6-BA, the highest survival rate reached 58.00% ± 6.35%, with a regrowth rate reached 30%±10%. Applying this optimized protocol on two accessions. This study will reveal the synergistic regrowth-promoting effects of red-blue composite light and plant growth regulator ratios combined with GA3and6-BA during post-cryopreservation recovery, providing both theoretical basis and practical solutions for overcoming technical bottlenecks in sweet potato germplasm cryopreservation.
    Development and Application of Molecular Markers for Genetic Improvement of Traits in Sorghum
    Ruizhen Liu, Ruizhen Liu, Duan Guoqi, Ma Aimin, Wang Yubin, Mi Hongyun, Zhang Jingjie, QI Guolin, Zhang Guoping, He Zhenyan, Ping Junai
    Available online:  August 07, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260522003
    [Abstract] (67) [HTML] (0) [PDF 707.86 K] (9)
    Abstract:
    Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), as the fifth largest cereal crop worldwide, exhibits strong tolerance to drought, saline-alkali stress, and nutrient-poor soils, and is widely used in food, feed, and bioenergy production. The development of molecular marker technologies has greatly facilitated the genetic dissection of complex traits and the breeding process in sorghum. This review systematically summarizes the evolutionary trajectory of molecular markers, as well as the progress in the development and application of these markers in studies on agronomic traits and stress resistance in sorghum. On this basis, we analyze the current status of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in sorghum breeding, and identify key bottlenecks including insufficient resolution of quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, disconnection between markers and causative genes, polygenic regulation of complex traits with genotype-by-environment interactions, and the limited translation of most markers into practical breeding applications. Finally, we discuss future pathways to advance sorghum molecular breeding toward precision and efficiency, such as constructing integrated molecular marker databases and developing genomic selection strategies. This review provides a systematic theoretical reference for genetic improvement and molecular breeding in sorghum.
    Research Progress of BRC1 Genes in Regulating Crop Branching
    Zhang Jia Li, YANG Xue, XU Haolin, Chen Liyu, Yue Lin, Liu Baohui, Yang Hui
    Available online:  August 07, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260518002
    [Abstract] (113) [HTML] (0) [PDF 745.33 K] (10)
    Abstract:
    BRANCHED1 (BRC1) is a core member of the TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factor family and plays an essential role in the regulation of plant branching. It can integrate endogenous hormonal signals, nutrient signals and external environmental cues, and regulate key agronomic traits including plant architecture, biomass and yield by precisely repressing crop branch formation. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology technologies, researchers have carried out in-depth studies on the functional identification, molecular regulatory mechanisms and practical application of the BRC1 gene in diverse crops, and have made a series of breakthrough advances. This paper systematically reviews the basic characteristics, expression patterns and upstream and downstream regulatory networks of BRC1, summarizes the latest research progress of this gene in major grain, oil and economic crops, and discusses the existing limitations in its crop application. Combined with the development trend of intelligent breeding technology, future research directions are prospected. This review provides theoretical references and technical support for implementing molecular breeding and breeding new high-yield and high-quality crop varieties via manipulating the BRC1 gene.
    Cloning and cold tolerance Functional Analysis of HvMYB15 Gene in Hulless Barley
    Zhe Ran, LIU Jing-wen, CUI Yong-Mei, wu kun lun
    Available online:  August 07, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260609001
    [Abstract] (87) [HTML] (0) [PDF 4.62 M] (8)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: Hulless barley is the principal staple crop in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region. Due to its predominant cultivation in high-altitude alpine zones above 2700 meters, its growth and development are subject to multidimensional constraints imposed by low-temperature stress. MYB transcription factors are involved in abiotic stress responses in a variety of crops, but no related studies have been reported in highland barley. In this study, the function of HvMYB15 gene in response to low temperature stress was explored by bioinformatics analysis, gene expression analysis and heterologous overexpression function verification in Arabidopsis thaliana. The results showed that the full-length coding region of HvMYB15 gene was 867 bp, encoding 289 amino acids, and its promoter region contained multiple cis-acting elements related to stress response. qRT-PCR showed that HvMYB15 was expressed at higher levels in roots, followed by leaves. Stress-induced expression analysis showed that low temperature stress could significantly induce the up-regulated expression of HvMYB15 gene. Subcellular localization studies and transcriptional activation assays demonstrated that HvMYB15 exhibits nucleus localization and possesses transcriptional self-activation properties. The functional verification of low temperature stress showed that the seedling survival rate of HvMYB15 overexpression lines was significantly higher than that of the wild type (WT), the ion leakage rate, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde content were significantly lower than those of the WT, while the superoxide dismutase activity and proline content were significantly higher than those of the WT. In addition, the expression levels of genes related to low temperature stress response in HvMYB15 overexpression lines were significantly up-regulated compared with WT after low temperature stress treatment. In summary, this study shows that the HvMYB15 gene of highland barley has a positive regulatory effect on low temperature stress. The results of this study lay a theoretical foundation for further analysis of the molecular mechanism of low temperature tolerance response and genetic breeding improvement of hulless barley.
    Cloning and Functional Analysis of the?EkF3H?Gene from?Epimedium koreanum
    王英哲, 国坤
    Available online:  August 07, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260522001
    [Abstract] (85) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.05 M] (7)
    Abstract:
    Abstract:?Flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) is a key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, and the mining of its encoding genes is of great significance for the germplasm improvement of medicinal plants; however, the function of this gene in?Epimedium koreanum?has not yet been systematically characterized. In this study, the full-length cDNA of the?EkF3H?gene was cloned from?Epimedium koreanum?using RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) technology. The open reading frame is 891 bp in length, encoding a 296-amino-acid protein that is hydrophilic, stable, and lacks a signal peptide and transmembrane domains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that EkF3H shares the highest homology with that of?Epimedium sagittatum. After low-temperature induction and expression in?Escherichia coli?followed by purification, the recombinant EkF3H protein was demonstrated to catalyze the conversion of naringenin to dihydrokaempferol in an in vitro enzymatic assay. A plant overexpression vector was subsequently constructed and transformed into?Nicotiana benthamiana. Untargeted metabolomic analysis identified a total of 38 differential metabolites, among which the contents of 11 flavonoids, including kaempferol, naringenin, and epimedoside A, were significantly increased, indicating that overexpression of?EkF3H?effectively promoted flavonoid accumulation. These results demonstrate that?EkF3H?is a functional gene involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis and holds considerable potential as a target for quality genetic improvement and metabolic engineering breeding of?Epimedium koreanum.
    Evaluation of Charcoal Rot Resistance in Sesame Germplasms and Screening of Resistant Germplasms
    NI Yunxia, YAN Wenqing, LIU Xintao, ZHAO Hui, WANG Jing, ZHAO Xinbei, QIN Lingling, HE Bipo, LI Yongdong, ZHANG Chunyan, LIU Hongyan
    Available online:  August 07, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260510001
    [Abstract] (83) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.18 M] (8)
    Abstract:
    Sesame charcoal rot is an important disease affecting sesame production in China, seriously threatening both yield and quality. To explore resistant germplasm resources, a total of 420 sesame accessions (including 27 introduced from abroad, 212 landraces and 181 modern varieties) were evaluated for resistance under field conditions in Pingyu County, Henan Province, over two consecutive years (2023–2024). The disease index (DI) and resistance index (RI) were used for systematic evaluation. The results showed that no immune (I) accessions were identified. Twenty accessions (4.77%) were consistently classified as highly resistant (HR) over the two years, while 17 accessions (4.06%) were consistently highly susceptible (HS). A total of 112 accessions (26.73%) showed stable moderate resistance (MR) or above and 182 accessions (43.44%) showed stable moderate susceptibility (MS) or below. The average DI of modern varieties was significantly lower than that of introduced germplasm and landraces, and the proportions of HR and MR materials were higher, indicating that artificial selection has effectively improved resistance levels. Among different ecological regions, the Huang-Huai summer sesame region had the highest proportion of HR germplasm (34.5% in 2023, 12.5% in 2024), while the Northeast and North China spring sesame regions had higher proportions of HS materials. Cluster analysis divided the 420 accessions into four groups: HR, MR, MS and HS. Combining both evaluation methods, a set of excellent resistant germplasm accessions were identified, such as Zhu 044, Xixiangxian Zhima, Wanzhi 24 and Fuzhi 7, providing important germplasm resources and a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of charcoal rot resistance and breeding of resistant sesame varieties.
    Technical Code of Practice for Identification of Storge Tolerance of Rice Seed
    shuyu zhao, shuyu zhao, 尹广鹍, 李贤勇, 韩龙植
    Available online:  August 03, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260524001
    [Abstract] (82) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.43 M] (10)
    Abstract:
    Rice storage tolerance is a key trait for rice production and seed preservation, which is directly associated with food security and industrial economic benefits. Establishing a standardized identification system for rice storage tolerance is of great significance to the screening of storage-tolerant germplasm, breeding utilization and high-quality development of the rice industry. Current research on rice storage tolerance faces two core bottlenecks. First, there are no unified criteria for seed aging identification parameters, making it difficult to conduct horizontal comparison of experimental results obtained by different research institutions. Second, the comprehensive evaluation index system remains imperfect and lacks operable standardized grading criteria, which severely restricts the screening storage-tolerant rice germplasm and the progress of rice breeding. In view of the above problems, based on years of identification practices and research achievements, the paper systematically summarizes the technical methods and operational procedures for storage tolerance identification. A set of technical specifications covering sample preparation, instruments and reagents, identification procedures, as well as grading and judgment rules has been formulated, and unified and standardized technical operation criteria have been established. This study aims to provide standardized technical support for the identification of storage tolerance in rice germplasm resources and relevant breeding work. This specification is applicable to the identification and evaluation of seed storage tolerance of Oryza sativa L. seeds, and has important practical significance for standardizing the technical system of rice storage tolerance identification, implementing the national food security strategy and improving industrial economic benefits.
    Germplasm Innovation on High-amylose Wheat Based on SGP-1
    ZHANG Nan, LI Ya-qing, ZHANG Shi-chang, PENG Yi-feng, YUE Zhao-han, SHI Zhan-liang, LI Meng-jun
    Available online:  July 31, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260316004
    [Abstract] (137) [HTML] (0) [PDF 729.36 K] (7)
    Abstract:
    SGP-1 is a key enzyme responsible for the elongation of amylopectin side chains in wheat endosperm, and its loss of function increases amylose content, making SGP-1 a target gene for developing high-amylose wheat through marker-assisted selection. In this study, molecular markers developed from the genomic DNA sequences of SGP-1 were used to screen a Yannong 18 radiation-induced mutant library, and sgp-A1 and sgp-D1 deletion mutants were identified. SDS-PAGE confirmed the absence of SGP-A1 and SGP-D1 proteins, and whole-exome sequencing revealed large DNA fragment deletions encompassing SGP-A1 and SGP-D1, respectively. Using Kanto 79 as the donor of sgp-B1, we pyramided the three null alleles via a double-crossing scheme and developed a novel high-amylose wheat germplasm with SGP-1 deficiency, which exhibited the typical characteristics of SGP-1 deletion mutants. Through agronomic trait evaluation, the optimal high-amylose wheat line F2301 was selected. The amylose content of F2301 was increased from 25.2% to 29.2%, and the resistant starch content was increased from 1.25% to 2.83%, providing a valuable material foundation for functional wheat breeding.
    Genetic Analysis and Identification of Genes Associated with Flowering Time Traits in a Maize Population
    WANG Haina, YANG Ruiyu, 陆雅萱, 常云龙, LI Kun, HU Xiaojiao, LIU Xiaogang, HUANG Changling, LI Pengbo, WANG Hongwu
    Available online:  July 31, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260503001
    [Abstract] (108) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.83 M] (9)
    Abstract:
    Flowering time is an important agronomic trait that determines ecological adaptation, maturity progression, and regional utilization value in maize. Systematic evaluation of flowering time variation in maize inbred lines and identification of stable association loci across multiple environments can provide useful references for the screening of early-maturing germplasm and molecular breeding. To dissect the genetic basis of flowering time traits and identify key loci controlling these traits, 352 maize inbred lines with diverse genetic backgrounds were used in this study. Field trials were conducted in Changping, Beijing in 2024, Yuci, Shanxi in 2024, and Shunyi, Beijing in 2025. Three flowering time traits, namely days to tasseling (DT), days to pollen shedding (DP), and days to silking (DS), were accurately evaluated. Based on 11,004,183 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers obtained from whole-genome resequencing, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed using the FarmCPU model. The results showed that the three flowering time traits exhibited abundant phenotypic variation, with broad-sense heritability ranging from 0.93 to 0.94. Highly significant positive correlations were observed among the three traits. A total of 113 SNPs significantly associated with the three traits were detected by GWAS. Among them, six non-redundant major-effect loci were stably detected across multiple environments, and two loci showed co-localization patterns. Further analysis of 12 candidate genes within the intervals of these two stable loci identified three significantly associated candidate genes: Zm00001d027419, encoding a bHLH transcription factor; Zm00001d050151, encoding sucrose synthase; and Zm00001d050153, encoding a reticulon-like protein. Haplotype analysis showed that the favorable haplotypes of these three genes were significantly associated with early flowering. These findings provide new insights into the molecular regulatory mechanism of flowering time in maize and offer valuable genetic resources and theoretical support for marker-assisted selection and genomic breeding of early-maturing maize.
    Genetic Dissection of Heading Date Trait in Zhennuo 19 and Its Breeding Implications
    SUN Liting, LIN Tianzi, JING Dedao, YU Bo, ZENG Shengyuan, LI Chuang, QIAN Huafei, DU Cancan, HU Qingfeng, ZHOU Yiwen, GONG Hongbing
    Available online:  July 28, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260427004
    [Abstract] (104) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.01 M] (6)
    Abstract:
    Heading date is a key trait determining the adaptability, yield and growth period of rice. To reveal the molecular genetic basis of heading date in Zhennuo 19, a widely adaptable late-maturing japonica glutinous rice variety, and to exploit key early-maturing genes and elite alleles, an F2 segregation population derived from a cross between Zhennuo 19 and Taihunuo was used in this study. BSA-Seq (bulked segregated sequencing) method was used to locate the QTLs for heading date. Candidate genes were confirmed by gene sequencing and functional marker validation. Genetic effects of different allelic combinations on heading date were analyzed, and the inheritance and breeding values of elite alleles were dissected based on 24 derivative varieties. The results showed that heading date differed extremely significantly between Zhennuo 19 and Taihunuo. The heading date of the F2 population exhibited continuous distribution with bidirectional transgressive segregation, indicating that it was regulated by multiple genes. Two QTLs were detected on chromosomes 6 and 7 by both ΔSNP-index and ED algorithms, and the QTL peak on chromosome 7 was the highest. The two QTL intervals contained the major heading date genes Hd1 and Hd2, respectively. Sequencing analysis revealed that there was one SNP difference at 316 bp in the coding region of Hd1 and two SNP variations at 140 bp and 616 bp in the coding region of Hd2 between Zhennuo 19 and Taihunuo. Genotype-phenotype association analysis in the F2 population showed that allelic variations of Hd2 and Hd1 were the key genes controlling heading date variation, and the effect of Hd2 was larger than that of Hd1. The allelic combination Hd2?/Hd1C carried by Zhennuo 19 was the crucial genetic basis for its early maturity. This combination was stably inherited in 21 derivative varieties, and all of them headed significantly earlier than Taihunuo. Yield analysis showed that Zhennuo 19 increased yield by improving spikelet number per panicle and seed-setting rate. Twenty derivative varieties inherited the large-panicle trait from Zhennuo 19, and 18 of them showed significantly higher daily grain yield per plant than Taihunuo. Early maturity and high yield could be simultaneously improved under the genetic background of Zhennuo 19. This study identified the key genes and elite alleles for heading date in Zhennuo 19, providing important gene resources, functional markers and theoretical support for molecular design breeding of early-maturing japonica glutinous rice.
    Selection of Heat-Tolerant Wheat Germplasm Overexpressing TaHsfA2-11 and Analysis of Regulatory Mechanisms
    LI Junrui, GUO Xiulin, LIU Zihui, MA Jun, LI Guoliang
    Available online:  July 28, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260427005
    [Abstract] (89) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.72 M] (8)
    Abstract:
    Previous studies have shown that TaHsfA2-11 is a heat-tolerance-related gene in wheat, and its overexpression enhances thermotolerance at the seedling stage. However, its function at the adult stage, particularly during the critical yield-formation period, remains poorly understood. In this study, ten TaHsfA2-11 overexpressing transgenic lines and the recipient variety Fielder (control) were subjected to heat stress during the grain-filling stage. Yield traits and physiological indices were measured, and transcriptome sequencing was performed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that the transgenic lines exhibited significantly better yield traits than Fielder under heat stress. Particularly, the thousand-kernel weight (TKW) of lines 393, 409, and 1144 increased by 5.09%, 6.20%, and 5.93%, respectively, compared with the control. Physiological analyses revealed that the transgenic lines had significantly higher peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, increased proline and soluble sugar contents, and enhanced membrane stability and photosynthetic pigment retention. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that TaHsfA2-11 overexpression primarily activated osmotic regulation and ABA signaling pathways at the anthesis stage, and predominantly enhanced photosynthesis-antenna protein and carbon metabolism pathways at the grain-filling stage, revealing a distinct stage-specific regulatory pattern. RT-qPCR validation further confirmed that TaHsfA2-11 upregulates the expression of heat shock protein genes, osmotic regulation-related genes, and photoprotection-related genes. In conclusion, TaHsfA2-11 overexpression significantly enhances thermotolerance of wheat during the adult-stage by synergistically activating antioxidant defense, osmotic regulation, and photosynthetic protection pathways. The TaHsfA2-11-overexpressing lines 393, 409, and 1144 were identified as elite heat-tolerant germplasms and can serve as core parents for wheat heat tolerance breeding.
    Screening of differential metabolic markers between ancient and cultivated Camellia sinensis in Tongzi, Guizhou
    HE YIN, GUAN HAO, WANG YANxia, HUANG Xiaozhen
    Available online:  July 28, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260505001
    [Abstract] (86) [HTML] (0) [PDF 8.58 M] (9)
    Abstract:
    To elucidate the material basis underlying the formation of superior quality in ancient tea treeplants and evaluate their metabolic differences from cultivated tea treeplants, as well as assess their potential for cultivar development, this study employed one bud and two leaves from ancient tea treeplant cultivars ‘Yaolongshan Jinfenghuang’ (JFH) and ‘Zhulinping’ (ZLP), along with the elite cultivated cultivar ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ (FDDB) as experimental materials. Untargeted comparative metabolomic analysis was conducted using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology. Principal component analysis revealed significant differences in global metabolic profiles between ancient tea treeplants and cultivated varieties. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that differential metabolites were primarily enriched in key pathways including plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and amino acid biosynthesis. Analysis of common differential metabolites demonstrated that phenolic acids and flavonoids such as 4-caffeoylquinic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, and myricetin-3-O-glucoside were significantly upregulated in both ancient tea treeplant cultivars, whereas polypeptides and amino acid derivatives including linoleoyl lysophosphatidylcholine and phenylalanine-glycine-lysine Phe-Gly-Lys were generally downregulated. Analysis of cultivar-specific differential metabolites revealed that JFH specifically accumulated flavonoid compounds including quercetin-3-O-acetylrhamnoside and 5,6,7,4’-tetrahydroxyisoflavone, along with amino acid derivatives such as L-glutamine and L-histidine, were significantly upregulated. In contrast, ZLP specifically accumulated flavonoids including myricetin-3-glucoside as well as phenolic acids such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, but exhibited significantly reduced contents of theanine and procyanidin dimers. Ancient tea treeplants exhibited significant differentiation from cultivated varieties in key metabolic processes including phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism, forming a metabolic pattern characterized by active phenolic acid and specific flavonoid metabolism and generally downregulated free polypeptides and membrane lipid metabolites. Furthermore, JFH and ZLP displayed distinct cultivar differentiation characteristics in specific metabolite accumulation, reflecting the rich genetic diversity of ancient tea treeplant germplasm. These results confirm the specific quality chemical basis of ancient tea treeplants from a metabolomic perspective, providing important germplasm resources and theoretical basis for innovating the current bottleneck of tea quality homogenization.
    Analysis of Wild Population Structure and Seed Phenotypic Traits of the Endangered Relict Plant Parrotia subaequalis
    guo wan lin, caixinling, liukailin, zhanggongchang
    Available online:  July 28, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260411001
    [Abstract] (78) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.17 M] (7)
    Abstract:
    Abstract:Parrotia subaequalis (H. T. Chang) R. M. Hao &amp;amp;amp; H. T. Wei is a species under first-class national state protection and an endemic relict plant of the Hamamelidaceae family in China. Taking the provincial forestry and grassland germplasm resource bank of P. subaequalis in Changchun Village, Changling Township, Jinzhai County, Anhui Province as the research object, this study conducted a systematic background survey of 1,964 wild P. subaequalis individuals within the bank using a combination of comprehensive field surveys and quadrat sampling. Simultaneously, precise measurements and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed on the seed phenotypic traits from 22 germplasm sources. The main results are as follows: (1) Regarding population structure, the P. subaequalis population within the germplasm bank exhibited an expanding trend with an &amp;amp;quot;upright pyramid&amp;amp;quot; age structure. There were 1,152 seedlings with a diameter at breast height (DBH) or basal diameter &amp;amp;lt; 5 cm, accounting for 58.66% of the total individuals. A total of 1,815 individuals ranged from seedlings to medium-diameter trees (&amp;amp;lt; 20 cm), comprising 92.41% of the total, indicating a strong momentum for population regeneration. (2) In terms of sprouting regeneration, among the 83 large individuals with a DBH or basal diameter ≥ 30 cm, sprouting-type individuals with bifurcated stem bases accounted for a high proportion of 74.7% (62 individuals). The largest individual possessed 9 basal branches and a basal diameter of 165 cm, suggesting that sprouting regeneration acts as the primary compensatory mechanism for this population following historical anthropogenic disturbances. (3) Regarding seed phenotypes, the thousand-seed weight across the 22 germplasm sources was 30.768 &amp;amp;#177; 1.837 g, ranging from 27.41 to 33.39 g, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 6%. The seed length, width, and length-to-width ratio were 6.418 &amp;amp;#177; 0.226 mm, 3.070 &amp;amp;#177; 0.082 mm, and 2.091 &amp;amp;#177; 0.066, respectively. A highly significant positive correlation was observed between seed area and thousand-seed weight (R&amp;amp;#178; = 0.6749, p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001). This study reveals the atypical structural characteristics of the P. subaequalis population in Jinzhai, characterized by &amp;amp;quot;abundant seedlings, scarce medium-diameter individuals, and sprouting dominance,&amp;amp;quot; providing fundamental data support for the precise conservation and germplasm resource development of this species.
    Phenotypic Characterization and Diversity Analysis of a Sorghum Nested Association Mapping Population
    Di Peng, Duan mingyu, Tao yongfu, Li hui, Zhang xiaowei, Chen lang, Shu zhongbing, Chen xiaocui
    Available online:  July 24, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260603003
    [Abstract] (104) [HTML] (0) [PDF 944.79 K] (7)
    Abstract:
    Sorghum germplasm is vital for genetic improvement and cultivar development, and assessing its genetic diversity is essential to broaden the genetic base. In this study, we evaluated the genetic diversity of 12 agronomic traits in an Australian sorghum nested association mapping (NAM) population (288 accessions) at two locations, within one year using multiple analyses. Coefficients of variation for all traits ranged widely from 9.51 to 56.94%, with panicle shape showing high genetic variation. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 1.1091 to 2.0725, and leaf length exhibited relatively high diversity. Correlation analysis revealed varying degrees of correlation among the 12 traits; thousand?grain weight, panicle length, and leaf traits were correlated with multiple traits and can serve as indicators for synergistic improvement. Cluster analysis classified the population into three groups with distinct trait profiles. Group A (tall plants, heavy panicle grain weight, thick stems) was suitable for dual?purpose (grain and forage) breeding; Group B (short stature, short panicles) can be used as core germplasm for dwarf sorghum breeding; Group C (long panicles and long main peduncles) was suitable for craft use. Principal component analysis extracted four principal components accounting for 63.395% of total variance, primarily capturing variation in plant architecture, panicle traits, yield, and quality. Comprehensive evaluation identified accessions T444, T566, and T472 as elite germplasm with superior overall traits for further research. This population exhibits a broad genetic background and distinct phenotypic differentiation, providing elite parents and a novel genetic basis for sorghum breeding in China.
    Multi-Stage Precise Identification and Screening of Rice Salt Tolerance
    XIA Xiu zhong, ZHANG Zongqiong, YANG Xinghai, NONG Baoxuan, FENG Rui, GUO Hui, CHEN Chan, LEI Dekun, ZENG Yu, SONG Guoxian, LI Danting
    Available online:  July 15, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260519001
    [Abstract] (139) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.88 M] (9)
    Abstract:
    Soil salinization is one of the major abiotic stresses threatening global agricultural development. To systematically evaluate the salt tolerance of rice germplasm across the whole growth period and screen elite salt-tolerant accessions, this study used 4,015 rice germplasm accessions. The experiments were conducted in the coastal saline-alkali area of Qinzhou, Guangxi. A natural salt-tolerance identification approach was adopted, combining multi-stage directional elimination, precise quantitative identification, and multi-index comprehensive evaluation. Salt tolerance was assessed at the germination, seedling and reproductive stages, and whole-growth-period salt tolerance was evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA)-based comprehensive scoring. The results showed that after three seasons of multi-stage directional selection at the reproductive stage, 544 accessions with relatively stable salt tolerance were obtained. Precise quantitative identification revealed that at the reproductive stage, the mean yield salt tolerance coefficient of Japonica rice (0.2085) was significantly higher than that of Indica rice (0.1187). At the germination stage, the mean relative germination rate under salt stress of Indica rice (0.4514) was significantly higher than that of Japonica rice (0.1040). At the seedling stage, the mean salt tolerance score of Indica rice (3.52) was lower (i.e., more tolerant) than that of Japonica rice (4.76), Indicating stronger seedling-stage salt tolerance in Indica rice. Significant but weak correlations were observed among the salt tolerance of the three growth stages (|r| = 0.12–0.24), confirming the developmental stage-specificity of salt tolerance. Based on PCA comprehensive scores, the tested germplasm was classified into five salt tolerance grades. Among them, 29 accessions were identified as grade 1 (extremely strong salt tolerance), all of which were Japonica rice, mainly originating from the northern Japonica-producing regions of China, including Jilin, Shandong, Anhui, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, and Liaoning. Accessions such as ‘Tongnian No. 1’, ‘Longjing 1656’, and ‘Huijing 801’ exhibited excellent salt tolerance throughout the whole growth period and can serve as core parents for salt-tolerant rice breeding. The multi-stage precise identification system established in this study can effectively evaluate whole-growth-period salt tolerance in rice, and the strong salt-tolerant germplasm identified provides an important material foundation for breeding salt-alkali tolerant rice varieties.
    Functional Analysis of the SiDREB39 Gene in Response to Low Temperature Stress in Foxtail Millet
    悦 庄, houjunying, WANG Runjie, zhangyujia, zhanghui, wangjiagang, CHU Xiaoqian, YANG Guanghui, gaolulu, DU Huiling, YUAN Xiangyang, lixiaorui
    Available online:  July 02, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260511002
    [Abstract] (144) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.86 M] (11)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: Dehydration responsive element binding protein (DREB) is one of the important transcription factors in plants, playing a key role in plant growth and development as well as in response to abiotic stress. In this study, based on a previous genome-wide identification of the SiDREB gene family in foxtail millet, a candidate gene SiDREB39 that was significantly induced by low temperature was screened. To explore the role of the foxtail millet SiDREB39 gene in plant low-temperature response, the SiDREB39 gene was cloned from Jingu 21. Bioinformatic analysis, subcellular localization, expression pattern analysis, and functional validation were performed by constructing an overexpression vector and transforming it into Arabidopsis thaliana, followed by phenotypic observation, physiological index measurement, and transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that the full-length CDS of SiDREB39 was 660 bp, encoding 219 amino acids. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that SiDREB39 exhibited the highest expression level in the leaves of Jingu 21. The SiDREB39 protein was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Under low-temperature stress, overexpression of SiDREB39 significantly increased the seed germination rate and plant survival rate of transgenic Arabidopsis, while reducing ion leakage rate and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Antioxidant enzyme activities were markedly enhanced, soluble protein and proline contents increased, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation decreased, and the expression levels of cold-responsive genes were upregulated. RNA-seq analysis identified 990 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between low-temperature-treated transgenic Arabidopsis and wild-type Arabidopsis (LT-OE2 vs LT-WT). Among these, several key genes involved in ROS signaling and scavenging (e.g., AT2G28190, AT5G05410) were significantly induced in the transgenic plants. In conclusion, overexpression of SiDREB39 enhances plant tolerance to low-temperature stress by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic regulation ability, as well as inducing the expression of cold-responsive genes. This study provides an important candidate gene and theoretical basis for cold-resistant molecular breeding in foxtail millet.
    Innovation of Rice TGMS Lines Lun1S-Pigm with High-level Blast Resistance and Super Panicle
    GUO Cheng-long, ZOU Yu-ying, HUANG Jun, LIU Yi-ming, XIE Tian-yang, MA Long-xi, QU Shang-yi, YAO Wei, HUANG Xi-lai, LIU Jin-ling, LIU Xiong-lun
    Available online:  June 08, 2026 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20260506002
    [Abstract] (147) [HTML] (0) [PDF 908.03 K] (9)
    Abstract:
    To enhance the blast resistance of the thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice line（TGMS）Lun1S, the rice cultivar Gumei4, which carrying the broad?spectrum and durable blast resistance gene Pigm, was employed as the donor parent, and the co?dominant functional marker M143104 of the Pigm gene was used for molecular marker?assisted selection breeding. M143104 amplified a 215?bp fragment from Gumei4 genome, while a 288?bp product was amplified from the genome of Lun1S, showing stable and clear polymorphism. Through successive backcross breeding, five blast-resistant TGMS lines, Lun1S?Pigm, was developed. Field nursery and indoor inoculation assays demonstrated that Lun1S was highly susceptible to seedling blast, whereas Gumei4 and Lun1S?Pigm exhibited high resistance. Investigations of field sterility traits and agronomic yield characteristics were implemented in 2024 and 2025, and one of these improved TGMS lines,Lun1S?Pigm?5, showed excellent comprehensive agronomic and sterile traits: the sowing to heading duration was 81?days, plant height was 74.2–77.7?cm, single plant effective panicles was 7.9–10.4, main panicle length was 22.1–22.5?cm, single panicle spikelets was 407.6–420.0, total stigma exsertion rate was 36.7–38.2%, and neck?panicle enclosure rate was 12.6–14.1%. And Lun1S?Pigm?5 showed stable sterility trait with an approximately 23?°C fertility?transfer critical temperature. This work lays a foundation for breeding super hybrid rice with high-level blast resistance.
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    Advances in Germplasm Collection and Genetic Diversity Research of Wild Broomcorn Millet in China
    LIU Min-xuan, XU yue, LU Ping
    2020,21(6):1435-1445 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200522001
    [Abstract] (2064) [HTML] (0) [PDF 30.14 M] (47877)
    Abstract:
    Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a representative crop in dryland agriculture and has been cultivated for over 10,000 years. Wild broomcorn millet, widely distributed in fields alongside the cultivated broomcorn millet and in woodland edges and grasslands across Eurasia, plays a crucial role in studies of broomcorn millet origin and domestication history. This review summarizes the research progresses achieved in China in germplasm collection and conservation, identification and evaluation, and genetic diversity analysis of wild broomcorn millet, and in the relationship between the wild broomcorn millet and cultivated broomcorn millet, and proposes further project development and the core mission of collection, utilization and research of wild broomcorn millet resources in China.
    The Phenotypic Variations and Allelic Analysis of Different Dwarf Germplasm Resources in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
    ZHANG Min-juan, WANG Deng-ke, DUAN Shi-xiang, DOU Jun-ling, YANG Sen, LIU Dong-ming, NIU Huan-huan, ZHU Hua-yu, HU Jian-bin, SUN Shou-ru, MA Chang-sheng, YANG Lu-ming
    2022,23(5):1298-1309 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220616001
    [Abstract] (1670) [HTML] (0) [PDF 35.18 M] (36134)
    Abstract:
    In recent years, facility cultivation in watermelon has become one of the main ways in China, and dwarf germplasm resources have been of interest considering their application for their unique advantages in facility cultivation. Dwarf is one important agronomic trait in modulating plant architecture, and dwarf watermelon varieties are adaptable for high-density planting, mechanizing management and pest control, which can effectively reduce costs and meet the current needs of simplified watermelon cultivation. In this study, 14 dwarf germplasms, which were collected from domestic and foreign countries, were subjected for self-pollination with several generations to obtain homozygous inbred lines. Fourteen dwarf germplasms were subjected for diallel crosses, and F1 hybrids and derived F2 populations were analyzed for plant architecture related agronomic traits. Based on allelic tests for 14 dwarf germplasms, two types (class-I and class-II) on the dwarf phenotype were observed. The dwarf trait in class-I mutants d1, d2, d3 and d6 was controlled by the same recessive gene Cldw1, while the dwarf trait in class-mutants was controlled by another recessive gene Cldf. The F1 hybrid derived from inter-crosses between two classes were observed with long vine, and the segregation ratio of the vine type in F2 population was 9:3:3:1, thus confirming that the dwarf trait in two types of mutants were controlled by two different recessive genes. The analysis of different dwarf germplasm mutants in this study provided better understanding of watermelon dwarf resources, which has implication in breeding for new watermelon dwarf varieties.
    Synthesis and cytological studies of allotriploid interspecies between Brassica carinata and Chinese kale
    luoshuangxia
    2013,14(2):361-366 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.028
    [Abstract] (5664) [HTML] (0) [PDF 29.26 M] (32339)
    Abstract:
    The allotriploid interspecies (BCC) were obtained by reciprocal crosses between Brassica carinata (2n=4x=BBCC=34) and Chinese kale (2n=2x=CC=18). The interspecies displayed a stronger growth than parents; the plant and flower type tended to parent B. carinata; and the flower color was the same as parent Chinese kale. Meiosis observation of the allotriploid showed that 9 bivalents and 8 univalents (9Ⅱ 8Ⅰ) were formed at diakinesis, and the two kind of chromosomes (B and C) tended to separate into two groups; at metaphaseⅠ, 9 bivalents of CC genome arranged on equatorial plane and 8 univalents of B genome distributed around the equatorial plane ; and at anaphaseⅠ, the distributions of chromosomes with 13/13 or 12/14 were in the majority. The obtain of this allotriploid (BCC) provides an important material for production of CC B alien addition lines and for study of chromosome homology between B and C genome.
    Wild Relatives of Agricultural Crop in Yunnan Province and Its Peripheral Area
    Gao Ainong
    2013,14(2):193-201 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.002
    [Abstract] (4960) [HTML] (0) [PDF 31.18 M] (25883)
    Abstract:
    The project of “investigation of biological resources of agriculture in Yunnan province and its peripheral area”belongs to National Basic Task Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology. The project has passed the acceptance inspection from the Ministry of Science and Technology in May, 2012, after it has been carried out for 5 years. Yunnan and its peripheral area are low latitudes and high altitudes, also the concentrative areas inhabited by minority nationality people, where the species of agricultural crops are quite abundant, so are the biological and genetic diversity, as a result, the wild relatives of agricultural crops are plenty. In this paper, the authors have introduced the wild relatives of food crops, economic crops, vegetable crops and fruit trees collected in Yunnan and its peripheral area in order to provide basic information and scientific evidences for the researches and development, and constituting the national conservation policy of the diversity of wild plants and scientific researches.
    Identification of QTL for Tassel Color in Maize
    yuanwenjuan
    2013,14(2):289-297 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.005
    [Abstract] (5866) [HTML] (0) [PDF 10.61 M] (24217)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: tassel is an important reproductive organ of maize and the appearance of different kinds of maize differ in thousands of ways .molecular markers, tightly linked with tassel color, could be screened by genetic analysis and QTL mapping of the color of the maize tassel. these molecular markers can be used as an useful tool for maize variety protection and species identification. Mean while, higher pigment content of anthocyan in purple tassel is closely related to the insect resistance of maize tassel. In this study, a black SDM of maize inbred lines were used as a common male parent and respectively hybrid with the white maize inbred lines of wood and yellow maize inbred line Mo17 to build two F2: 3 groups, respectively named MuS (Mu6 x SDM), and MoS (, Mo17 ?SDM).these two groups were planted in two different environments in Yunnan and Chongqing, then conduct QTL mapping about two traits, the anther color (COAn) and the anther capes color (COCa). The results showed that: the anther color and the anther cape color are both quantitative traits, jointly controlled by major genes and minor genes. Seven QTL related to anther color are detected from the two groups in two different environments. They are located in chromosome 2,3,6 and 10.The QTL within marker interval umc1196a-IDP8526 on the chromosome 10 both expressed in Chongqing and Yunnan, and the contribution rate of the phenotype were 23.17% and 19.98%; nine QTL related to anther cape color are detected from the two groups in two environments, located in chromosome 3, 6, 9 and 10 .Among them, three QTL are environmental insensitive (they express in both two environments and the contribution rate are greater than 10%), which respectively in the marker interval umc1979-umc1796 mmc0523-umc2006 in chromosome 6 and the marker interval umc1196a-umc2043 in the chromosome 10 and the contribution rate of the phenotype ranges from 10.69% to 59.30%. The location and effect of the major QTL detected from these two groups have a high degree of consistency, and the major QTL controlling the two traits of anther color and anther cape color have the phenomenon of chain of distribution, mainly near the marker mmc0523 at bin6.04 and the marker IDP8526 at bin10.04. QTL that located on chromosome 6 and 10, and that are stable in different environments and genetic backgrounds can be regarded as the target sites used for further fine mapping. They can also provide a valuable reference for marker-assisted selection of maize tassel color.
    Phenotypic DiversityAnalysis of Five Wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum Populations
    WANG Wen-xiao, CHENG Hao, XU Yu-feng, GE Hong, YANG Shu-hua, ZHAO Xin, WU Rong-hua, JIA Rui-dong
    2020,21(5):1196-1206 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200109006
    [Abstract] (1972) [HTML] (0) [PDF 31.37 M] (23876)
    Abstract:
    In this study, we investigated the phenotypic diversity of 18 characters on five main natural populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum that were collected from three provinces Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou in China. The statistical methods used included nested variance analysis, coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The results revealed significant difference at most phenotypic traits among populations if compared to that within populations. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST) was 75.18%, indicating that the population diversity was largely contributed by the variation among populations. The average variation coefficient of the 18 phenotypic traits was variable from 6.36%–18.51%, with a higher degree of dispersion. PCA showed that plant height, length of ovary, scape height, length of maximum leaf, diameter of flower and length of synsepal were the main sources of phenotypic variation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that plant height, width of synsepal and width of dorsal sepal were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the majority of plant traits, whereas only the length of synsepal was extremely significantly correlated with geographic factors. Cluster analysis revealed three groups from the five populations, which could be explained by the geographic distribution. This study found that populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum have high genetic diversity, and the variation between populations is much higher than that within the population. The phenotypic diversity indicates that wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum populations should be protected as much as possible. Moreover, it is recommended that germplasm is preserved in nurseries and libraries in addition to in-situ conservation, and that an artificial reproduction system is established enhance our conservation efficiency.
    Investigation and Nutrition Components Analysis of Wild Chives in Hezhang County of Guizhou Province
    WANG Hai-ping, QIU Yang, LI Fang-wei, SONG Jiang-ping, Zhang Xiao-hui, LI Xi-xiang
    2017,18(6):1137-1144 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.06.015
    [Abstract] (2607) [HTML] (0) [PDF 10.11 M] (23739)
    Abstract:
    Guizhou province is an important distribution area of wild allium, especially in Hezhang county. In order to understand and study the distribution, the wild Chinese chive in Hezhang county was investigated, and the main nutritional components were analyzed. The results indicated that there are mainly 3 kinds of wild Chinese chive distributed in Hezhang county, Allium wallichii Kunth., Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.(tentatively named) and Allium hookeri Thwaites (tentatively named). . The geographical distribution, habitat and climate of the wild chives were investigated. Among 17 kinds of amino acids, except for proline, the contents of other amino acids in wild chives were higher than that of the cultivated chive. The sugar contents of wild chives were significantly lower than the cultivated chive. Among 9 trace elements, zinc and iron contents of Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.were significantly higher than that of cultivated chives and other wild chives. Among 4 kinds of heavy metal, cadmium content in 3 kinds of wild chives exceed the limitation of national standard, especially the cadmium content in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. was significantly higher than the others. Content of arsenic, mercury and lead in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. also exceed the limitation of national standard; Vc content in leaves and stalk of Allium wallichii Kunth. in original habit was higher than that of cultivated chives. The biological characteristics and nutrition components of wild chives from Hezhang county were significantly different from that of cultivated chives, which will be important genetic resources for utilization and quality development of chives.
    Genome-wide Association Study of Root System Architecture Related Traits in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    CHEN Gui-ju, JIN Yi-rong, LIU Cai-yun, JIA De-xin, FAN Qing-qi, LIU Jin-dong, LIU Peng
    2020,21(4):975-983 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20191126002
    [Abstract] (2137) [HTML] (0) [PDF 709.26 K] (23505)
    Abstract:
    The root system architecture (RSA) determines the composition of the root system and plays an irreplaceable role in crop growth and development. It is of great significance to analyze the genetic mechanism of wheat root architecture and the selection of varieties with better RSA traits in breeding for elite wheat varieties. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is an effective method to analyze the genetic mechanism of complicated quantitative traits (i.e. RSA) in wheat. In the study, GWAS for RSA-related traits(total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter and number of root tips) were conducted in 160 wheat accessions from Henan and Shandong, which were previously genotyped by wheat 660K SNP chip. Twenty-three loci associated with RSA related traits were detected from chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6A, 6B and 7B, and each explained the phenotypic variation variable from 7.2% to 12.8%. Among them, eleven loci are found to coincide with the formerly-reported loci, and the remaining 12 loci are newly identified. Taken together, this study is of significance to uncover the genetic structure of the root architecture with a potential in future breeding of high-yield and stress-resistant wheat cultivars.
    Combining ability of parents for main traits in sorghum panicles
    Long Wenjing, 赵甘霖, 丁国祥, 倪先林, 刘天朋, 汪小楷
    2017,18(5):867-873 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.05.008
    [Abstract] (2130) [HTML] (0) [PDF 7.64 M] (23076)
    Abstract:
    To explore the main characters of the genetic features of sorghum panicle and evaluate the use value of material of latest introduction and cultivation of sorghum parents, thus providing theoretical basis for breeding of sorghum panicle and reference. Four sorghum sterile lines(13163A, 1358A, 128A and 407A ) and 6 restorer lines (9.1R, 213R, 272R, 381R, Dwarf182R and Early21R) were mated, the combining ability of main traits of F1 generation’s panicles was analyzed according to incomplete diallel cross(NCII). The results showed that the main panicle traits exist significant genetic differences, the main performance for the additive gene effect of genetic traits are: spike length, primary branches number, secondary branch number, grain numbe per spike; Narrow heritability size order are: secondary branch number > primary branch number > spike length> grain number per spike > grain weight per spike >1000-kernel weight. Different parent’s general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) is significant difference in different traits. Sterile line 407A and restorer early 21R, 9.1R which has better comprehensive characteristic, have great potential applications in production of hybrid combinations. Restorer 272R combined with lower spike grain number and small grains characteristics can satisfy the market demand for small grain sorghum. In-depth analysis of sorghum hybrid parent main panicle traits, is conducive to the further understanding and use of parent material.
    Analysis of sugars and acid contents and its compositions in different ecological peach cultivar groups
    ZHU Geng-rui, WANG Xin-wei, CAO Ke, FANG Wei-chao, CHEN Chang-wen, WANG Li-rong
    2017,18(5):891-904 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.05.011
    [Abstract] (2667) [HTML] (0) [PDF 14.14 M] (21906)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: Studies were conducted on the distributions of sugar and acids contents of 118 doses of peach accessions, which contain six cultivar groups in China, for providing reliable evidences of high quality peach breeding selection. In this study Soluble sugar was detected by fehling reagent. Titratable acidity was detected by NaOH.Sugar and organic acid compositions in 295 peach accessions were detected using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Result:1) Cultivars derived from Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, Southern China Contain high value of sugar compositions (fructose, sucrose), soluble sugar, total sugar, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars of Changjiang River Region and Northeast China contain high value of fructose.Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain low value of titratable acidity , some acid compositions(citrale, quinate, malate) and total acid, but those are high in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain high value of SS/TA, SSC/TA and ‘Total sugar/ Total acid’, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China, Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and Northeast China. 2) For sugar compositions in different cultivars, Ratio of ‘fructose to total sugar’ is the highest in Changjiang River Region cultivars, Northwest China cultivars have a high level of ‘glucose to total sugar’. The ratio of ‘sorbitol to total sugar’ is the highest in Southern China cultivars, but the Northest China cultivars have the lowest level. Ratio of ‘sucrose to total sugar’ have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups. For the analysis of acid compositions, Changjiang River Region cultivars have high level of citrale, but cultivars of Southern China have a lower level, which have the highest level of quinate. The ratios of succinic and malate acids have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups.
    Study on the Floral characteristics Characteristics and Sstructure in Two Types of Male Sterile Lines of Bbroccoli（Brassica oleracea var.italica）
    shu jin shuai, Liu Yumei, 方智远, 李占省, 孙培田, 杨丽梅, 张黎黎, 张扬勇, 庄木
    2014,15(1):113-119 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2014.01.015
    [Abstract] (4682) [HTML] (0) [PDF 7.81 M] (21727)
    Abstract:
    Broccoli is an important cruciferous vegetable, it has a good anti-cancer effect, with the expanding cultivation area of broccoli and the developing of anticancer drug, the demand for broccoli seeds are increasing. Using male sterile line to produce F1 generation seeds is an important way to utilize of heterosis, but the cytoplasmic male sterile lines commonly used in production have the problems of the buds death are heavier in the early, nectar volume is less and seeds production are low. Our group makes excellent broccoli inbred lines as male parent. cabbage dominant genic male sterility material 79-399-3 and cytoplasmic male sterile material OguraCMSR3 629 as the infertility sources, we have obtained multiple dominant genic male sterile lines and cytoplasmic male sterile lines of broccoli through backcrossing method, in order to further effectively use of broccoli male sterile lines and search for better infertility sources, The the differences of the bud death numbers, floral organ structure and number of or frequecing bees visiting flowers among dominant genic male sterile（DGMS）lines，cytoplasmic male sterile（CMS）lines and inbred lines of broccoli 8554, 8590 and 93219 were studied. The results showed that the differences of the bud length, bud diameter, death buds of single branch, corolla diameter, stamen length, anther length, petal length, the times of visiting bees, the number of visiting bees and the time of bees staying on the flower between DGMS and CMS of lines 8554, 8590 and 93219 were significant. On As athe whole, above characteristics in DGMS lines were significantly better than CMS lines.
    Crop gene pyramiding molecular breeding
    徐小万, 雷建军, 罗少波, 李颖, 王恒明
    2010,11(3):364-368 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.03.003
    [Abstract] (8331) [HTML] (0) [PDF 546.74 K] (20365)
    Abstract:
    Most agronomic charateristics and complex biosynthetic pathways are determined by the coordination of multiple gene expression ,and gene pyramiding molecular breeding combined with conventional breeding techniques have become the main means for the crop breeding.Gene pyramiding molecular breeding includes genetic transformation molecular breeding and marker-assisted selection molecular breeding. The research progress of crop genetic pyramiding molecular breeding in recent were reviewed. The research methods, the countermeasures on the existing problems of gene pyramiding molecular breeding were discussed and the prospects were described as well in this paper.
    The Wild Dactylis glomerata Germplasm Resources of Hengduan Mountains in Southwest China
    钟声, 黄梅芬, 段新慧
    2010,11(1):1-4 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.01.001
    [Abstract] (6188) [HTML] (0) [PDF 422.92 K] (19739)
    Abstract:
    Hengduan mountains lie in southwest of China,which is famous by the extending from south to north.There widely distribute wild Dactylis glomerata germplasm resources,which belongs to subspecies glomerata,and subspecies himalayensis.The distribution range of two subspecies is nearly the same,but much difference existed in the morphological characters and phenological development in two subspecies.Through hybridization of subspecies himalayensis and subspecies glomerata in artificial condition,triploid offspring may be obtained.But no definite evidence has been found that hybrid triploid offspring was existed by crossbreeding of two subspecies in natural condition.In recent decade years,many basal studies about the two subspecies have been done in China,but a few were about the protection and utilization.Thinking about the origin,it can be sure that subspecies himalayensis belong to natural origin ecotype,but subspecies glomerata was likely to belong to naturalization species.Because of the competing threat from the subspecies glomerata,it is necessary to reinforce the protection and utilization studies about the subspecies himalayensis.
    Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Barbarea Vulgaris Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits
    Liu Tongjin, , , , , and
    2015,16(3):528-534 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2015.03.014
    [Abstract] (4560) [HTML] (0) [PDF 19.71 M] (19507)
    Abstract:
    Barbarea vulgaris is an excellent cruciferous plant, particularly being ideal as a model species to study saponin biosynthesis, insect resistance, and coevolution of plants and insect pest. In order to make full use of B. vulgaris germplasm, the genetic diversity was analyzed among the 34 accessions conserved in the national mid-term gene bank for vegetables, based on the phenologic, morphological and insect resistance data from the field investigation. The results showed significant morphological diversity in B. vulgaris germplasm from Europe. Among the 34 accession, BV13-BAR13 bolted earliest, 47 days earlier than the latest bolting material (BV13-BAR9). Most of the B. vulgaris germplasm have glabrous leaves, strong tillering ability and more leaf numbers. The range and coefficient variation (CV) of the plant height, silique length and inflorescence length are the highest among all traits. Only 9 of 34 B. vulgaris are susceptible to the diamondback moth, most accessions are highly resistant to the pest. The clustering analysis showed that 34 accessions can be divided into 3 groups. The resistant and susceptible germplasm were distributed to different groups, reflecting their genetic relationships. Our research will provide useful materials and information for the genetic breeding of insect resistant B. Vulgaris and cruciferae crops.
    Composition Variation of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits in the Doubling Haploids from Anther Culture and the Crossing Hybrids in Wheat
    Han Xiaofeng, Ye Xingguo, Liu Xiaolei, We Yiqin, Yan Yueming, Du Lipu
    2010,11(6):671-677 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.06.004
    [Abstract] (5515) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (19192)
    Abstract:
    High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in the doubling haploids from stable cultivars and the crossing hybrids between different varieties of common wheat were analyzed to explore the possibility of improving the subunit compositions by anther culture and commercial crossing. Double haploids from five wheat genotypes of Alondra, Orofen, Xinchun9, Verry, and Bainong3217 were obtained by anther culture, and different hybrids were made each other from different wheat lines with different HMW-GS constitutions such as Xingchun9, Jing771, CB037, CS, Ningchun4, Bobwhite, and yangmai12 by crossing. Then, SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the populations of the doubling haploids and the crossing hybrids for HMW-GS combinations. The results indicated that frequent variation of HMW-GS happened in the doubled haploids with a rate up to 61.8% in the test genotypes, among which Alondra and Bainong3217 gave higher variation frequency than other three varieties, and several subunits might be new ones which are not present in the corresponding wild types, but need to be identified further. Comparing with the donor lines, the typical double haploids varied in HMW-GS were not changed in main agronomic characteristics such as plant height, growth period, and grain weight. In most F1 hybrids, the expression of all HMW-GS appeared to be co-dominant, but the expression of one or two HMW-GSs was did found to be suppressed in a few F1 crosses. Cytoplasm of female parents was found to have some effect on the expression of very few subunits in a few crosses. At the same time, 2-3 possible new subunits that did not exist in the parents were observed in the two crosses, Ningchun4/CB037 and Jing771/Ningchun4. By continuous self-crossing and tracing of the new subunits, stable lines expressing the putative new subunits were obtained from the two crosses mentioned above. Variation of HMW-GSs constitution or new HMW-GS can be induced by anther culture and normal cross. Co-dominant of HMW-GS expression did not definitely exist in all F1 crosses. Cytoplasm did effect the expression of HMW-GS in some cases. The present study is theoretical and practical valuable for the improvement of wheat processing quality and the further understanding of the genetic and structural features of HMW-GSs encoding genes.
    Advances in Genetics and breeding of High oleic acid peanut
    陈 静
    2011,12(2):190-196 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2011.02.009
    [Abstract] (6480) [HTML] (0) [PDF 503.46 K] (18906)
    Abstract:
    Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important oilseed and economic crop in China. Oleic content and linoleic content of peanut seed add up to 80%. Oleic acid is an important factor that affects physical and chemical stability and nutritional value of peanut oil. Breeding peanut variety with high oleic content is an important breeding objective of peanut quality to promote international competitiveness and meet domestic consumption demand since 2000. Increasing oleic content in peanut significantly improves the nutritional quality. In this paper, we summarize mutants of high oleic peanut, the genetic characteristics of high oleic acid content and analyse pedigree relationship of high oleic acid peanut varieties and developing methods. Our purpose is to improve high oleic breeding of China peanut.
    Investigation and Taxonomy of Wild Fragaria Resources in the South of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China
    GUO Rui-xue, CHENG Yuan-yi, XI Hui, XUE Li, LEI Jia-jun, WANG Lian-jun
    2022,23(5):1393-1399 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220225002
    [Abstract] (1524) [HTML] (0) [PDF 44.50 M] (18841)
    Abstract:
    To understand the genus Fragaria resources distributed in the south of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China, the wild strawberries were surveyed during 2019-2021 (latitude, 32°49′46″ to 33°19′38″; longitude, 106°09′23″ to 106°40′23″). The investigation sites include eight villages of three counties (Mengjiahe Village and Wangjiazhuang Village in Lueyang County; Erliba Village and Dashuya Village in Ningqiang County; Liziba Village, Lijiagou Village, Qiuqiya Village and Toudaohe Village in Mi'an County). A total of 57 wild strawberry accessions were collected in this survey. These accessions were identified and classified into three Fragaria species including Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlect., F. chinensis Lozinsk. and F. pentaphylla Lozinsk. (white-fruited), and two types including F. pentaphylla pink-fruited genotype and F. pentaphylla red-fruited genotype through botanical character observation and ploidy identification. Among them, F. pentaphylla was found to be predominant in population. These wild strawberries were found in the vertical space of 849 - 1352 m above sea level, such as mountains, forests, streams, roadsides, barren fields and rock walls. We provided the characters of the collected Fragaria species in detail, and proposed the suggestions on the protection and utilization of local wild strawberry resources.
    Diversity Analysis of Chinese Wild Grape Species
    chengdawei, jiangjianfu, fanxiucai, zhangying, , liuchonghuai
    2013,14(6):996-1012 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.06.003
    [Abstract] (5668) [HTML] (0) [PDF 18.28 M] (18636)
    Abstract:
    China is one of the major origin centres of Vitis species, and has lots of grape species and inherited resource in the world. There are 40 species, 1 subspecies and 13 varieties originated from China. According to the “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)”, taking a number of character index as a identification parameters, the genetic. diversity of 23 Chinese wild grape species were analysised by identifying botany characteristics and agronomic traits.The results showed that Chinese wild grape had rich diversity in main phenophase, young shoot down, young shoot color, blade shape, blade color, teeth, berry size, skin color, berry flavor, floral organs and so on, with abundant genetic diversity. It can provide reference for classification,evolution and breeding of vitis . It is suggested that “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)” for further revision and improvement, in order to adapt Chinese wild vitis resource diversity evaluation research.
    Molecular Mechanism and Application of HSP90 in Plants
    Qi Yan and
    2013,14(1):111-116 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.01.017
    [Abstract] (5230) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (18361)
    Abstract:
    Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) widely mediated stress signal transduction, and plays an important role in the control of normal growth of human cells and in the promoting tumor cell development. At present, HSP90 has become forefront projects of cellular immunity, signal transduction and anti-cancer investigation. The physiological function of HSP90 start later in plant than in animal and fungi. Recent researches revealed that plant HSP90 plays an important role in development, environmental stress response and disease resistance. This paper discussed the molecular functions of HSP90, and systematically reviews latest progresses on molecular mechanism of plant HSP90 as well as improvement of plant resistance to facalitate broaden work.
    Phenotype Analysis and Low-resolution Mapping of a Stripe-Leaf Mutant t122 in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.)
    ZHANG Shuo, ZHI Hui, ZHANG Wei, TANG Chan-juan, LUO Ming-zhao, TANG Sha, JIA Guan-qing, JIA Yan-chao, LIU Gang, HUANG Zhi-mou, CAI Hai-ya, JIAO Chun-hai, DIAO Xian-min
    2022,23(4):1076-1084 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220211001
    [Abstract] (1146) [HTML] (0) [PDF 36.21 M] (18356)
    Abstract:
    Leaf color is usually determined by the number, structure, and photosynthetic characters of the chloroplast. Isolation of the functional genes in leaf discoloration mutants of the C4 model plant foxtail millet and deciphering their functions is a way to disclose the regulation mechanism of C4 plant chloroplast biogenesis, development and photosynthesis. In this study, a stripe-leaf mutant t122 was identified from the EMS-induced mutant library of the foxtail millet variety Yugu1. The mutant t122 was observed with developmental retardation, and irregular white stripes on leaves. In contrast to the wild type, the significant decrease on the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, main panicle diameter, main panicle weight, and seed setting rate was observed in t122 mutant, whereas an increase on the panicle number per plant was detected. The photosynthetic capacity of t122 was impaired. By the leaf anatomy analysis, no significant difference in the distance between leaf veins, the number of cell layers between vascular bundles, and the cross-sectional cell area of leaves was observed in t122; however, an increased on the leaf cell length was detected. The ultrastructural observation of chloroplasts showed that, in t122 the chloroplasts showing functional structure were only detected in subsets of leaf cells. The segregation analysis suggested that the stripe-leaf trait of t122 was controlled by a single recessive nuclei-encoding gene. Using the method of MutMap, the candidate gene was mapped to the region of 24.0 Mb - 30.0 Mb on chromosome 3. Collectively, these results laid a good foundation for future cloning and functional characterization of the stripe-leaf gene in foxtail millet.

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