The Journal of Plant Genetic Resources is a bimonthly academic journal co-sponsored by the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and China Association of Agricultural Science Societies .Tt is the only journal in China that mainly introduces plant genetic resources. Founded in 2000, officially launched in 2003, quarterly from 2000 to 2009, and bimonthly in 2010.

The contents of the report are field, horticultural crops, ornamental and medicinal plants, basic research on plant genetic resources, research results in applied research, innovative academic papers, and high-level reviews or reviews of forest plants, grass plants and all their economic plants. For example, the investigation, collection, preservation, evaluation, utilization, innovation, Informatics, management, etc. of germplasm resources; Systems of origin, evolution, classification, etc.; Gene excavation, identification, cloning, establishment of gene libraries, and research on genetic diversity.

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    Review
    Research Progress on MYB，bHLH and WD40 Regulation of Flower Color and Scent in Orchidaceae
    YANG Yuemin, LUO Danni, QIN Mengke, GUO Runjie, WANG Yuanyuan, LIU Kunpeng, MA Xiaokai
    2025,26(12):2275-2287 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250707001
    [Abstract] (4) [HTML] (2) [PDF 1.68 M] (10)
    Abstract:
    The MYB，bHLH，WD40 transcriptional factors functions as an evolutionarily conserved master regulator of diverse biological processes in higher plants， with particularly critical roles in secondary metabolite biosynthesis （including anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis）， as well as in epidermal cell morphogenesis （including petal epidermal cell differentiation and trichome formation）， along with environmental responses. Orchidaceae is renowned for its exceptional diversity in floral characteristics， which are key to attracting pollinators attraction and ensuring reproductive success. These traits underpin the significant ornamental and economic value of orchids. Consequently， elucidating the molecular networks that govern floral color and scent in orchids has emerged as a major research priority in this family. This review systematically summarizes recent advances regarding the pivotal role of the MBW complex in regulating floral pigmentation and scent production in orchids. We mainly focus on the biosynthetic pathways of major floral pigments and aromatic volatiles， together with the molecular mechanisms by which the MBW complex regulates the expression of structural and regulatory genes. By providing a theoretical framework for understanding the molecular basis of complex floral traits， this overview offers valuable perspectives into molecular breeding and genetic enhancement of ornamental orchids.
    Research Advances in the Morphogenesis and Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms of Crop Leaves
    WANG Changzai, ZHANG Meng, CUI Mengjie, XU Xiangru, ZHU Huashuai, DONG Wenzhao, ZHANG Xinyou, HAN Suoyi
    2025,26(12):2288-2300 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250614002
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (6) [PDF 1.79 M] (11)
    Abstract:
    Leaves are pivotal organs for photosynthesis， respiration， and transpiration in plants. Their morphological development is jointly influenced by genetic， environmental， and evolutionary factors， while their size significantly impacts crop growth， yield， and quality. Investigating leaf developmental mechanisms， understanding environmental influences on leaf formation， defining the optimal leaf size range， and excavating excellent materials from germplasm resources are of great importance for agricultural production. However， numerous challenges remain in plant leaf development research， including gene interaction networks， coupling effects of multiple environmental factors， optimal leaf size range delineation， and applications in breeding-all of which require further breakthroughs. Therefore， this paper reviews research advances since the 19th century on the regulatory mechanisms and influencing factors of leaf development in various plant species， including Arabidopsis thaliana L.， wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）， rice （Oryza sativa L.）， maize （Zea mays L.）， tomato （Solanum lycopersicum L.）， and radish （Raphanus sativus L.）. Additionally， it analyzes the current research status， emerging trends， key unresolved issues regarding plant leaf size regulation and provide insights to inform future studies on plant leaves. The main aspects covered include：（1） Mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis， elucidating the four stages of leaf shape formation. （2） Regulatory mechanisms of leaf development， primarily summarizing cellular and molecular-level control pathways. （3） Factors influencing leaf morphology， including genetic and environmental determinants. （4） Technologies applied in leaf research， encompassing cutting-edge techniques， traditional experimental methods， instruments， and analytical software， along with their applications in leaf development studies.
    Research Articles
    Screening and Identification of High Photosynthetic Efficiency Germplasm Resources in Seedling Stage of Brassica napus L.
    LI Ye, ZHANG Weiyan, XU Ke, YANG Liu, SHI Yuqing, FENG Yiming, LI Ruiheng, WU Yulun, SUN Weinan, LI Keqi, HUANG Zhen
    2025,26(12):2301-2313 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250706002
    [Abstract] (4) [HTML] (2) [PDF 4.16 M] (12)
    Abstract:
    Brassica napus L. is one of the most important oilseed crops in China and plays a vital role in securing the national supply of edible vegetable oil. Enhancing photosynthetic efficiency represents a key strategy for achieving high yield and sustainable， resource-efficient breeding in rapeseed. In this study， We used 245 Brassica napus germplasm resources as materials， measuring 19 indicators including photosynthetic parameters， photosynthetic pigment， biomass， and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters at the seedling stage. Significant variations were observed among germplasms in gas exchange， PSII （photosystem II） energy conversion， and thermal dissipation， demonstrating rich genetic diversity and substantial potential for selection. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate showed highly significant positive correlations with fresh weight and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Pi_Abs （performance index on an absorption basis） and Ss （complementary area above the O–J phase of the fluorescence induction curve）， but were extremely negatively correlated with ETo/RC （electron transport flux per reaction center）. These relationships suggest that coordinated regulation between photosynthetic activity and water use plays a critical role in biomass accumulation. Moreover， biomass was significantly and positively correlated with Pi_Abs and Ss， indicating that chlorophyll fluorescence parameters can serve as reliable indicators of photosynthetic system efficiency and growth potential. A comprehensive evaluation model （D-value） was developed through principal component analysis combined with membership function analysis， enabling the establishment of an integrated assessment framework for high light-use efficiency in B. napus. The 245 germplasm accessions were classified into five groups by cluster analysis 35 high-efficiency， 52 medium-high-efficiency， 49 intermediate， 88 medium-low-efficiency， and 21 low-efficiency types， and established a high-light-efficiency evaluation model. Twelve high light-efficiency germplasm accessions were ultimately identified. The evaluation system established in this study provides an effective approach for preliminary screening of high-efficiency germplasm resources and offers a theoretical foundation and data support for the discovery and breeding of rapeseed varieties with enhanced light-use efficiency.
    Comprehensive Evaluation of Low Phosphorus Tolerance of 234 Brassica juncea Germplasms at Seedling Stage
    ZHOU Fucheng, FAN Jiahao, ZHAI Shiyun, QIAN Bokun, CHEN Zhen, QIAN Lunwen, LIU Zhongsong, KANG Lei
    2025,26(12):2314-2326 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250625002
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (3) [PDF 7.06 M] (13)
    Abstract:
    To evaluate the phosphorus deficiency tolerance of Brassica juncea （L.） Czern.et Coss at the seeding stage， we investigated 12 traits， such as shoot dry weight， root dry weight， shoot phosphorus concentration， root phosphorus concentration， across 234 germplasms under normal phosphorus （250 μmol/L KH2PO4） and low phosphorus （5 μmol/L KH2PO4） treatments. The phosphorus deficiency tolerance coefficient was calculated for each trait， and principal component analysis， fuzzy membership function analysis， and cluster analysis were used for a comprehensive evaluation. The results revealed substantial variations in all seedling traits under both treatments. If compared to those under normal phosphorus treatment， low phosphorus treatment led to reductions in dry weight， phosphorus concentration and phosphorus accumulation in both shoots and roots. In contrast， the root-shoot ratio and phosphorus use efficiency in shoots and roots increased. Through principal component analysis， we transformed the phosphorus deficiency coefficients of the 12 traits into four principal components， which collectively accounted for 96.511% of the total variance. Based on component weights， a comprehensive D-value was calculated. Cluster analysis classified the 234 germplasms into four groups： phosphorus-deficient tolerant （10 germplasms）， slightly phosphorus-deficient tolerant （53 germplasms）， slightly phosphorus-deficient sensitive （105 germplasms）， and phosphorus-deficient sensitive （67 germplasms）. The phosphorus-deficient tolerant accessions exhibited significantly higher tolerance coefficients for root dry weight， root-shoot ratio， shoot phosphorus accumulation， root phosphorus accumulation and plant phosphorus accumulation if compared to the other groups. This study provides a reference for evaluating phosphorus deficiency tolerance in B. juncea and identifies valuable genetic resources for uncovering related genes and developing phosphorus-deficient varieties.
    Comprehensive Evaluation of Early-Maturing Summer Maize Varieties in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Based on GMT Biplot
    ZHANG Chunyuan, CHEN Chuanyong, XU Jianwen, WU Shanshan, BIAN Siwen, WANG Weihong, MAO Zhenwu, CAO Qiang, XU Naiyin
    2025,26(12):2327-2338 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250718002
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (1) [PDF 4.37 M] (11)
    Abstract:
    As a vital production region for early-maturing summer maize in China， the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region holds immense significance in national agriculture production security. Conducting comprehensive multi-trait evaluation and selection of early-maturing summer maize varieties within this region is crucial for advancing the scientific utilization of summer maize germplasm resources， optimizing breeding strategies， and improving agricultural productivity. Building upon the established genotype by yield×trait （GYT） biplot model， this study makes a notable innovation by expanding the connotation of 'yield' to encompass 'major target traits'， thereby proposing the novel genotype by major trait×multi-trait （GMT） biplot method to meet the demand for simultaneous evaluation of multiple traits in varieties under the background of diversified breeding major objectives. The research materials consisted of 72 early-maturing summer maize varieties that completed all trial procedures in the multi-location variety trials organized by the Jingke maize variety trial consortium in the early-maturing summer maize ecological zone of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2017 to 2024. Based on the combined level of major traits （including yield， protein content， fat content and lysine content） and grain yield， growth period， plant height， 100-kernel weight， grain yield rate， grain moisture content， test weight， starch content， protein content， fat content， lysine content， and disease resistance index， the varieties were comprehensively evaluated and ranked using a serial of GMT biplot. The results of the study are as follows： （1） The GYT biplot， which takes yield as the major target trait， successfully identified eight varieties with excellent performance in terms of the yield superiority index （YSI）， including Jingnongke 458， Jingke 628， MC921， Xinyunong 812， Jingke 383， Jingke 938， Jingke 597， and Jingnongke 809. （2） The genotype by protein×trait （GPT） biplot， focusing on protein content as the major target trait， screened out Jingnongke 836 and MC921 as varieties with outstanding comprehensive performance across relevant traits. （3） When fat content is set as the major target trait， the genotype by fat×trait （GFT） biplot selected Jingnongke 458， Jingke 383， and MC616 as varieties with exceptional performance. （4） The genotype by lysine×trait （GLT） biplot， with lysine content as the major target trait， identified MC921， MC167， Jingnongke 836， and Jingnongke 801 as the top-performing varieties. （5） A highly significant correlation （r=0.718**） was found between the protein superiority index （PSI） and the lysine superiority index （LSI）. When both protein and lysine contents are taken as joint target traits， 'protein-lysine specialized' varieties including MC921， Jingnongke 836， and Jingnongke 458 can be filtered out. Additionally， the yield superiority index （YSI） and the fat superiority index （FSI） also showed a highly significant correlation （r=0.474**）. When yield and fat content are set as common target traits， 'yield-fat specialized' varieties including Jingnongke 458 and Jingke 383 are identified. Through simultaneous screening based on the superiority indices of the four major traits， 'all-round' core varieties including Jingnongke 458 and MC921 were selected， demonstrating balanced excellence across all evaluated traits. The proposed GMT biplot method provides a new and effective tool for the synergistic evaluation of multi-target traits， and the varieties screened in this study offer valuable references for the efficient utilization of maize varieties and high-quality breeding practices in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.
    Nutritional Composition Analysis of 410 Rice Bean Core Accessions
    HU Qingyuan, JIANG Chunyang, WANG Suhua, YAO Yang, WANG Lixia
    2025,26(12):2339-2345 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250707003
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (4) [PDF 3.14 M] (11)
    Abstract:
    Rice bean （Vigna umbellata （Thunb.） Ohwi & Ohashi） is an underutilized legume crop with considerable potential for nutritional and health-promoting applications， highlighting its promising prospects for future development. In this study， we quantified four major nutritional components—including protein content， starch content， total flavonoid content （TFC）， and total polyphenol content （TPC） —in 410 rice bean core accessions. The protein content ranged from 15.9% to 28.2% （mean： 21.0%）， and starch content varied between 40.0% and 53.7% （mean： 45.8%）. Meanwhile， TFC and TPC ranged from 1.34-7.39 mg RE/g （mean： 4.10 mg RE/g） and 0.80-2.90 mg GAE/g （mean： 2.19 mg GAE/g）， respectively. Based on these results， 34 representative accessions were selected for comprehensive untargeted metabolite profiling analysis， which identified 607 metabolites in 12 major categories. Variations in key metabolite classes—such as flavonoids， amino acids and derivatives， alkaloids， and terpenoids—were observed among accessions from different geographic origins. Specifically， accessions from China and Myanmar exhibited the higher flavonoid abundance （19.0% and 19.7%， respectively）， while those from Thailand and Laos showed higher levels of amino acids and derivatives （20.1% and 18.3%， respectively）. This study provides a valuable dataset to support the evaluation， exploration， and breeding-oriented utilization of high-quality rice bean germplasm resources.
    Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fruit Traits in Actinidia arguta
    YANG Siyu, LYU Haiyan, XIE Xiaodong, HAN Fei, LIU Xiaoli, HUANG Wenjun, QIU Dongliang, ZHONG Caihong
    2025,26(12):2346-2360 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250630002
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (2) [PDF 2.07 M] (11)
    Abstract:
    This study evaluated 64 Actinidia arguta germplasm and 12 related species to investigate variation and diversity in 20 fruit traits using a group of methodologies including correlation， cluster， principal component analyses， with an aim to facilitate the conservation and utilization of Actinidia arguta germplasm resources. Results showed that the diversity indices （H'） were higher from quantitative traits （ranging from 1.45 to 2.08） than for qualitative traits （ranging from 0.59 to 2.19）. Among the 76 accessions， the most frequent fruit shoulder shape was square， the fruit beak shape was minutely cuspidal bulge， and the cross section shape of fruit center was elliptical. These three qualitative traits exhibited relatively low diversity indices of 0.75， 0.67， and 0.59， respectively. Quantitative traits displayed an average coefficient of variation （CV） of 26.29%， with ascorbic acid content having the highest CV （82.74%） and dry matter content having the lowest CV （11.62%）. Cluster analysis categorized germplasms into five distinct groups with significant inter-group trait variations. Principal component analysis of 11 quantitative traits identified four components collectively accounting for 82.35% cumulative variance. Key phenotypic indicators included single fruit weight， titratable acid content， ascorbic acid content， and total soluble sugar content. Eight elite germplasms such as Ruanzao 8025， Longcheng 2， Danyang LD133， Mizao 1， 2019125317 （from The Third National Crop Germplasm Resource Survey and Collection Action）， Changjiang 1， Huanyou 1， and Fengyu 2 were selected through comprehensive evaluation. The substantial phenotypic diversity provides a foundation for the selection， breeding， and utilization of Actinidia arguta germplasm resources.
    A Study on the Diversity of Phenotypic Traits of Floral Organs in Apple Germplasms with Different Ploidy Levels
    NI Zhihua, SUN Qingrong, LI Linguang, WANG Haibo, WANG Sen, WANG Ying
    2025,26(12):2361-2372 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250708001
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (1) [PDF 6.98 M] (13)
    Abstract:
    A total of 48 apple germplasm accessions， including diploid， triploid and tetraploid， were selected as materials. Fourteen phenotypic traits of flower organs were observed and data were collected. The distribution frequency and coefficient of variation of different phenotypic traits were calculated and analyzed. The number and morphological characteristics of pollen grains were observed under an optical microscope. The purose of this study was to provide references for the evaluation， identification and utilization of apple polyploid germplasm resources. The results showed that： （1） The phenotypic diversity of flower organs of different ploidies in apple was rich. The characters of pink flower buds， yellow anthers， adjacent petals in relative positions， ovate petals， and pubescence at the base of the style were the most common， accounting for 60.4%， 100%， 54.2%， 79.2% and 97.9% of the descriptors' distribution frequency， respectively. （2） Traits such as flower number per inflorescence， stamen number， petal length and width， corolla diameter， and stigma number show relatively low variation among different varieties （lines） within the same ploidy level， with coefficients of variation below 20.0%. However， triploid and tetraploid apples exhibit significantly larger average values for corolla diameter， petal length， and petal width compared to diploid apples. Moreover， the average corolla diameter of two tetraploid varieties exceeds that of triploid apples. These findings suggest that an enlarged corolla diameter can serve as a useful auxiliary marker for identifying polyploid variations within the same apple variety （line）.（3） The proportions of different-shaped pollen grains varied among different ploidies. The proportions of larger pollen grains， round pollen grains and square pollen grains were significantly higher in polyploids than in diploids. This suggested that a higher proportion of round and square pollen grains can be used as an effective auxiliary selection trait for identifying apple polyploid variations. The ratio of the number of triangular pollen grains to the sum of the numbers of round and square pollen grains was significantly different between diploids and tetraploids and the ratio of 1.6 could be used as a critical value for identifying ploidy.
    Genetic Diversity Analysis of 292 Winter Wheat Landraces Based on 120K SNP Chip
    MA Mengjun, HUANG Miaomiao, ZHANG Yuqing, XIE Yufan, HOU Wanwei
    2025,26(12):2373-2384 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250523001
    [Abstract] (3) [HTML] (2) [PDF 6.11 M] (10)
    Abstract:
    The genetic diversity of landraces is crucial for wheat breeding. In this study， a genome-wide analysis of 292 winter wheat germplasm resources from Xizang， Hubei， Yunnan and Sichuan， China， was conducted using a 120K SNP array to analyze the evolutionary patterns and modes of their genetic diversity. Genotyping yielded 86129 high-quality SNPs， with an average of 4104 markers per chromosome. SNP distribution across subgenomes was B>A>D， and chromosome 4D contained the fewest SNPs （only 1582）. The Shannon index across all germplasm resources ranged from 0.1734 to 0.3678 （mean=0.2431）， and the polymorphism information （PI） ranged from 0.0952 to 0.5010 （mean=0.3146）， with the highest frequency observed in the range of 0.3001 to 0.4000. Furthermore， the overall mean expected heterozygosity （0.8835） was higher than the mean observed heterozygosity （0.8809）， indicating a certain degree of genetic diversity and differentiation within the population. The 292 winter wheat landraces were classified into three subgroups， with an average genetic distance of 0.31344 between populations， ranging from 0.00196 to 0.56513. In summary， this study reveals the genetic variation patterns of winter wheat landrace germplasm resources， providing valuable insights for future genetic improvement and breeding.
    Genetic Diversity Analysis of Gymnadenia conopsea in Inner Mongolia Based on Phenotypic Traits and ISSR Molecular Markers
    CHA Suna, CAO Wujisiguleng, QI Bore, YONG Xian, SHENG Geer, BAO Hongyang
    2025,26(12):2384-2397 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250615001
    [Abstract] (5) [HTML] (1) [PDF 7.26 M] (10)
    Abstract:
    Gymnadenia conopsea （L.） R.Br.， as an endangered medicinal plant in Tibetan and Mongolian traditional medicine， holds significant value for resource conservation and utilization. Investigating its genetic diversity is crucial for understanding their adaptive potential， and for formulating effective conservation and utilization strategies. This study measured and analyzed 16 phenotypic traits across six Gymnadenia conopsea populations in Inner Mongolia， China， and evaluated the genetic diversity of nine subpopulations using ISSR molecular markers. The relationships between phenotypic variation and genetic diversity were examined using generalized linear model. Results showed that the phenotypic coefficient of variation among traits ranged from 15.44% （number of leaves） to 41.56% （leaf 6 width）. The genetic diversity index varied between 1.67 （number of leaves） and 2.07 （leaf 3 length）. Principal component analysis extracted five principal components that cumulatively explained 85.564% of the phenotypic variations， with width and length of the leaves identified as the primary contributors to phenotypic differentiation. Based on the clustering results of phenotypic traits， the populations were categorized into five groups： broad-leaf group， long-leaf group， low-growing group， tall group and multi-flowered group. Using eight selected primers， ISSR analysis of 125 samples from nine G. conopsea populations revealed the following genetic diversity parameters： mean number of observed alleles=1.566， mean number of effective alleles=1.250， Nei's gene diversity index=0.156， and Shannon's information index=0.245. Among the populations， those from Ar Horqin Banner and East Ujimqin Banner exhibited relatively high genetic diversity， whereas the genetic diversity of the Wengniute Banner and Yakeshi City populations was relatively low. ANOVA analysis indicated that 35% of the total genetic variation occurred among populations， and 65% within populations. Moderate genetic differentiation （Gst=0.365） and relatively low gene flow （Nm=0.868） were observed among the populations. Structure analysis grouped the nine populations into two genetic clusters， with Ar Horqin Banner and East Ujimqin Banner populations exhibiting similar genetic compositions， possibly indicating gene flow between them. A Mantel test showed no significant correlation between genetic and geographical distances. Association analysis between phenotypic traits and ISSR markers identified 26 loci significantly associated with 15 phenotypic traits. The percentage of phenotypic variation explained by these loci ranged from 0.13% to 33.40%， with plant height and number of small flowers having the highest number of associated markers. The study elucidates the genetic diversity level of G. conopsea in Inner Mongolia at both phenotypic and molecular levels， providing a theoretical foundation for the conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources in this endangered species.
    Genetic Diversity Analysis and Construction of DNA Fingerprints of Fagus longipetiolata in Guizhou Province
    YOU Sujie, XIE Shuangqin, LI Xueying, TAO Guangxu, ZHAO Yuanxiang, WU Feng
    2025,26(12):2398-2411 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250706001
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (1) [PDF 6.72 M] (8)
    Abstract:
    To enhance the conservation and utilization of Fagus longipetiolata germplasm resources in Guizhou province， China， this study developed SSR molecular markers to analyze genetic diversity and construct DNA fingerprints of 100 samples collected from six natural populations. Results showed that all 12 polymorphic SSR primer pairs were derived from the chloroplast genome （cpSSR）， collectively producing 136 alleles. The mean polymorphism information content （PIC） across the cpSSR loci was 0.767， indicating a high degree of genetic polymorphism. The average number of alleles （Na）， average number of effective alleles （Ne）， and average Shannon′s index （I） for the six populations were 5.125， 3.686， and 1.356， respectively， suggesting relatively high genetic diversity. Among the populations， the Duyun population exhibited the highest genetic diversity （I =1.589）. Analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） indicated that genetic variation mainly occurred within populations （93%）， which was consistent with the low level of population genetic differentiation （Fst=0.091）. This pattern may be attributed to higher gene flow（Nm=2.490）， which likely constrained divergence among populations. Population structure analysis grouped the 100 samples into two genetic subgroups， with the majority exhibiting high genetic purity （≥0.6）. The probability of identity （PI） and probability of identity for siblings （Pisibs） values were 1.11×10-9 and 3.74×10-6， respectively， supporting strong discriminatory power of the SSR markers. DNA fingerprints for all samples were constructed using five core primer pairs. This study provides a scientific basis and technical support for the identification， preservation， breeding and parentage tracing of Fagus longipetiolata in Guizhou province， China.
    Identification of Genetic Loci and Candidate Genes Related to Grain Calcium Content in Wheat through Genome-wide Association Study
    CHEN Yongfang, ZHANG Shuyu, XI Qianhui, XIANG Fangyu, XU Ziyuan, LIU Mengmeng, JING Zhenhai, CHEN Feng, ZHAO Lei
    2025,26(12):2412-2424 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250715002
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (1) [PDF 5.34 M] (10)
    Abstract:
    Calcium is an essential mineral for human health. As a staple food crop worldwide， the calcium content in wheat grains directly influences human nutrition. Biofortification represents a highly cost-effective strategy to enhance calcium content in wheat grains and address dietary calcium deficiency. However， the molecular mechanisms regulating calcium content in wheat grains remains poorly understood. In this study， we measured grain calcium concentration of 349 wheat varieties （lines） and conducted a genome-wide association study （GWAS） using the Wheat 660K SNP array. A total of 523 significant SNPs associated with grain calcium content were identified， with most distributed on chromosomes 4A and 6B. Among these， 76 SNPs were consistently detected in four or more replicates. Haplotype analysis showed that GCaC_Hap_4A and GCaC_Hap_6B represent potential key loci regulating grain calcium content. Further bioinformatics analysis suggested TraesCS4A03G0985800 as a promising candidate gene for the GCaC_Hap_4A locus. This findings provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of grain calcium content in wheat and offer useful references for molecular breeding.
    Growth Period Traits Identification and Association Loci Mining in Soybean Variety Resources
    CHU Jiahao, SHAO Zhenqi, LI Wenlong, ZHANG Huantao, YANG Zhanwu, LI Xihuan, ZHANG Caiying
    2025,26(12):2425-2436 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250718001
    [Abstract] (1) [HTML] (3) [PDF 3.34 M] (9)
    Abstract:
    The growth period traits are essential for the formation of soybean yield and seed-quality， as well as for the ecological adaptability of soybean varieties. Thus， the mining of genetic loci and candidate genes for growth period traits is important to dissect its genetic basis and molecular improvement in soybean. In view of this， 300 soybean accessions were used to analyze ten growth period traits under two environments. Furthermore， the genome-wide association study （GWAS） was conducted by combining with 5.38 millions of SNPs of these accessions. The results showed that there existed abundant genetic variations of these ten growth period traits （R1 to R8， RP and R/V） in the accessions， with the coefficients of variations （CV） ranged from 7.3% to 36.0%， and the largest CV appeared in R/V. Meanwhile， the results also showed that there existed significant or extremely significant correlations among these growth period traits， which implying the existences of pleiotropic genetic loci. Moreover， a total of 2070 stable and pleiotropic associated SNPs were detected with at least two traits or under at least two environments. These SNPs located on 18 chromosomes （except chromosome 5 and chromosome 12）， with the largest number of associated SNPs （62.8%） detected on chromosome 10， followed by chromosome 6 and chromosome 9. Furthermore， the pleiotropic genetic loci for the growth period traits were discovered， including Gm16： 27911126-Gm16： 29624572 on chromosome 16 （nine traits， R1 to R8 and R/V）， Gm10： 44591107-Gm10： 46521535 on chromosome 10 （seven traits， R3 to R8 and RP）， Gm09： 40595870-Gm09： 40691399 on chromosome 9 （six traits， R1， R2 and R4 to R7）， and Gm15： 4961358-Gm15： 6102837 on chromosome 15 （six traits， R1 to R6）， etc. Additionally， the candidate genes were screened out in the associated loci， including the known functional gene E2 and the newly discovered candidate gene Glyma.10G218100. The results provide novel genetic loci and candidate gene resources for growth period traits improvements in soybean breeding.
    Mapping of QTL for Hypoxic Germination Tolerance Based on a Doubled Haploid Population in Rice
    SUN Zhiguang, HU Guanjun, LI Jingfang, CHI Ming, LU Baiguan, XING Yungao, XU Bo, LIU Xiyun, CHEN Tingmu, LI Jian, YANG Bo, LIU Jinbo, ZHOU Qun, ZHANG Yuqin, WANG Derong, LIU Xiaomin, XU Jintao, LIU Yan, WANG Baoxiang, XU Dayong
    2025,26(12):2437-2448 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250607002
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 4.51 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    The weakened seed germination ability under hypoxic conditions is the main limiting factor for direct seeding application， elucidating the genetic base of hypoxic germination tolerance is therefore essential for ensuring yield stability in direct-seeded rice systems. In this study， a mapping population was constructed using the cultivars Aigela and Xudao 10. Genotyping was performed using the rice 1K mGPS SNP chip， and a high-density genetic linkage map contains 595 Bin markers was developed. Through QTL mapping analysis， a total of nine QTLs for hypoxic germination tolerance， each explaining 4.61%-11.79% of the total phenotypic variation， were detected with LOD scores ranging from 2.57 to 5.49. Among these loci， five are previously reported loci related to hypoxic germination tolerance， and four loci were newly identified. By combining gene functional annotation， Arabidopsis homologous gene comparison， gene expression analysis， sequence comparison and qRT-PCR validation within the mapping interval of qHG6-2， a candidate gene （LOC_Os06g31280） related to hypoxic germination tolerance was identified which encodes a thionin protein， OsTHION1. Taken together， our findings provide a foundation for future cloning of hypoxic germination tolerance genes and dissecting their genetic regulatory mechanisms in rice.
    The Response Mechanism of Rice OsS1FA to Heat Stress
    ZHAO Yu, SHAN Siyao, XIANG Yong, WANG Zhonghua
    2025,26(12):2449-2463 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250625003
    [Abstract] (0) [HTML] (0) [PDF 14.50 M] (0)
    Abstract:
    S1FA proteins are a class of transcription factors that play significant roles in plant growth and development as well as in tolerance to abiotic stress. In this study， two S1FA family genes were identified in rice （Oryza sativa L.）， and their biological functions in the response to heat stress were investigated. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that OsS1FA40 （LOC_Os04g33440） and OsS1FA20 （LOC_Os04g33420） genes have simple structures and high sequence homology. Expression pattern analysis revealed that OsS1FA40 is expressed in all tissues examined， whereas OsS1FA20 is predominantly expressed in the endosperm. Double mutant material of OsS1FA40 and OsS1FA20 in japonica rice Nipponbare （NIP） were obtained by using CRISPR-Cas9. Thermotolerance of Oss1fas mutants seedlings under heat treatment （42°C， RH>90%， 48 h）， the Oss1fas mutants exhibited a more thermotolerant phenotype compared to the wild type plants， with relatively less disruption to leaf cell morphology and structure. After recovery at 28°C for one week， the mortality rate of the Oss1fas mutants was lower than that of the WT plants. The analysis of physiological and biochemical related indicators showed that after heat treatment， the contents of chlorophyll A， chlorophyll B， total chlorophyll， soluble sugar and maximum photosynthetic efficiency in the Oss1fas mutants were higher than those in the WT plants， indicating that heat stress activated the antioxidant mechanism and osmotic stress response of the Oss1fas mutants， and also affected the photosynthetic system. Furthermore， phenotypic analysis during plant development showed that the Oss1fas mutants displayed narrow and short leaves， as well as reduced root length， indicating potential involvement of these genes in leaf morphogenesis and plant growth regulation. In conclusion， OsS1FA in rice negatively regulate thermotolerance. This study provide a theoretical basis for deciphering the function of OsS1FA in regulating the response to high-temperature stress and for molecular breeding. This research holds significant implications and genetic improvement value for enhancing plant thermotolerance.
    Genome-wide Identification of VQ Gene Family and Expression Analysis in Alfalfa Under Salt and Alkali Stresses
    REN Yuekun, ZHAO Mengyang, YANG Dongshuang, HU Xinyu, GUO Changhong
    2025,26(12):2464-2476 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250731002
    [Abstract] (2) [HTML] (3) [PDF 11.41 M] (11)
    Abstract:
    VQ motif-containing proteins play important roles in plant responses to both abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study， VQ gene family members were identified from Medicago sativa cv. Zhongmu 1， and their characteristics and structural features were further analyzed. A phylogenetic tree of VQ protein from Medicago sativa， Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana was constructed. We further investigated the expression patterns of MsVQ genes under salt and alkali stress. A total of 24 MsVQ genes were identified in the alfalfa genome， distributed unevenly on eight chromosomes. With the exception of MsVQ8 and MsVQ17， the MsVQ genes lack introns and several MsVQ proteins were predicted to localize to the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis classified the MsVQ proteins into seven subgroups， each exhibiting relatively conserved gene structures and protein motifs. Medicago sativa genome contains six pairs of segmentally duplicated genes and one pair of tandem repeat genes. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of abiotic stress-responsive elements， hormone-responsive elements and WRKY binding sites. Transcriptome data showed that MsVQ genes respond to abiotic stresses such as drought， salt and low temperature. Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） results showed that the MsVQ11， MsVQ12 and MsVQ18 genes were significantly up-regulated under alkaline stress treatment. In contrast， MsVQ11 and MsVQ18 were detected with down-regulation under salt stress treatment， suggesting their potential involvement in response to salt and alkaline stresses. Taken together， these findings will provide valuable clues for further functional studies of MsVQ genes and their molecular breeding in alfalfa.
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    Research progress on breeding disease-resistant rice varieties by using wild rice
    XIANG Rong, ZHONG Qiaofang, XIAO Suqin, LIU Li, CHEN Ling, JIANG Hao, YIN Fuyou, ZHANG Yun, YU Tengqiong, XING Jiaxin, JIANG Cong, WANG Bo, CHENG Zaiquan, LI Jinlu
    Available online:  December 01, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250922001
    [Abstract] (9) [HTML] (0) [PDF 890.58 K] (19)
    Abstract:
    Breeding disease-resistant rice varieties is the most economical and effective way to ensure rice yield and quality. Wild rice has retained many original traits that cultivated rice does not have due to its long-term survival in the natural environment. It contains abundant genetic resources and is an important gene pool for rice disease-resistant breeding. This paper introduces the characteristics and protection of three kinds of wild rice in China, and further describes the progress of screening of disease-resistant germplasm resources and identification and cloning of disease-resistant genes in wild rice. The distant hybridization, molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS), genetic engineering and gene editing breeding of wild rice were reviewed and analyzed. These contents hope to provide some reference for future research on disease resistance breeding of wild rice.
    Analysis of phenotypic trait genetic diversity in foreign sugar beet varieties
    Sun Bowei
    Available online:  November 27, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250914001
    [Abstract] (9) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.34 M] (29)
    Abstract:
    To elucidate the genetic diversity of the main agronomic traits in existing exotic sugar beet varieties.In this study, 127 exotic sugar beet varieties were used as experimental materials. Genetic diversity analysis was conducted on 19 agronomic traits. The relationships among various agronomic traits of foreign sugar beet varieties were explored through correlation analysis, and excellent sugar beet varieties were screened according to the results of cluster analysis. The genetic diversity indices of the 12 qualitative agronomic traits range from 0.5188 to 1.2689, demonstrating substantial diversity variation. The coefficients of variation for the 7 quantitative agronomic traits range from 9.40% to 83.9%, with the incidence of root rot exhibiting the highest coefficient of variation. Correlation analysis reveals a significant positive correlation among crown size, root length, and root width in sugar beet varieties, while a highly significant negative correlation is observed between disease incidence and the number of vascular bundles. Cluster analysis results demonstrate that the 127 accessions can be classified into four groups: Group I comprises sugar beet varieties with high sugar content, Group II includes varieties with both high yield and sugar content, Group III contains varieties with the highest root yield, which can be widely promoted as high-yield sugar beet cultivars based on geographical conditions.Beet varieties in Group Ⅳ exhibited lower root yield and sugar content compared with the other three groups, showing no distinct advantages. The results of this study provide a valuable reference for understanding the phenotypic genetic diversity of exotic sugar beet varieties and further screening high-quality varieties with high yield and high sugar content. classification, and breeding should be carried out to effectively improve the breeding efficiency.
    Research on the Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic Traits of Ancient Tea Tree Germplasm Resources in Lincang City
    马春莲, 刘学艳, 曹琦, 余金慧, 徐婷, 刘艳红, 李友勇, 罗伟宏, 黄飞燕, 谢艳兰, 王绍梅, 李晓君
    Available online:  November 27, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250912002
    [Abstract] (11) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.44 M] (30)
    Abstract:
    To identify and evaluate the phenotypic trait genetic diversity of 200 ancient tea tree germplasms in Lincang, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to study the genetic diversity of their phenotypic traits. The results showed that 28 qualitative traits exhibited rich variation degrees in the tested germplasms, and the genetic diversity indices of each trait had significant differences, ranging from 0.056 to 1.106, with an average genetic diversity index of 0.670. The coefficient of variation of 14 quantitative traits ranged from 5.03% to 34.30%, with an average of 20.97%. Correlation analysis indicated that most phenotypic traits had significant or extremely significant correlations. Principal component analysis extracted 14 principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 70.97%, which mainly reflected the characteristics of the main vein hair, back hair, petiole hair, petal color, leaf area, leaf length, leaf width, leaf size and petiole length of tea trees. When the Euclidean distance was 20, the 200 ancient tea tree germplasms in Lincang could be divided into 4 major groups. Cluster analysis did not completely follow the geographical distribution, but mainly relied on the genetic diversity characteristics of phenotypic traits. The research results indicated that the phenotypic variation of ancient tea tree germplasms in 8 counties (districts) of Lincang was rich, and the genetic diversity level was high, showing good potential for tea tree breeding.This research provides a basis for the protection and sustainable utilization of the ancient tea tree resources in Lincang.
    Mining Candidate Genes for Gummy Stem Blight Resistance by BSA-seq and RNA-seq in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
    ZHANG Man, CHEN Yifan, LIU Jinqiu, Lou Lina, Xu Jian, ZHU Lingli, XU Jinhua
    Available online:  November 24, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250717001
    [Abstract] (10) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.20 M] (33)
    Abstract:
    Gummy stem blight is one of the major diseases affecting watermelon production. The discovery and utilization of resistance genes against gummy stem blight are of great significance for the innovation of disease-resistant watermelon germplasm and the breeding of resistant watermelon varieties. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the gummy stem blight-resistant variety germplasm PI189225 and the susceptible variety germplasm K3 was used as experimental materials. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) combined with whole-genome resequencing was performed on the parental lines and resistant/susceptible pools to identify candidate genomic regions associated with gummy stem blight resistance. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data were integrated to mine candidate genes through association analysis. The results showed that BSA-seq analysis identified genome candidate regions significantly associated with watermelon gummy stem blight resistance were identified on chromosome 5 and chromosome 10 of watermelon, with a total length of 8.18 Mb, encompassing 681 genes. Functional analysis revealed that these genes are primarily involved in biological processes such as the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway and the plant-pathogen interaction pathway. Through InDel markers and recombinant plant analysis, the watermelon gummy stem blight resistance interval was narrowed down to between markers Chr10_30103333 and Chr10_32554279 on chromosome 10, with an interval size of 2.45 Mb. Combined with differentially expressed genes in watermelon responding to gummy stem blight pathogen infection, By integrating transcriptome data related to gummy stem blight resistance, sixeven candidate genes were ultimately identified on chromosome 10. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of all sixeven candidate genes was induced by gummy stem blight pathogen infection. Among them, Cla97C10G194300, Cla97C10G200140195980 and Cla97C10G202140199290 were highly expressed in susceptible materials, whereas Cla97C10G200100, Cla97C10G201690, Cla97C10G202570, and Cla97C10G201940Cla97C10G195320, Cla97C10G196460, Cla97C10G198780 and Cla97C10G205250 exhibited high expression in resistant materials. The findings of this study provide an important theoretical basis and gene resources for molecular marker-assisted selection and the breeding of gummy stem blight resistant watermelon varieties.
    SNP Genotyping Based on Multiplex PCR and Its Application in Genetic Diversity and Association Analysis of Pepper Germplasm
    Huang Yueqin, Chen Xuejun, Fang Rong, Zhou Kunhua, Lei Gang, Li Gege, Fang Yu, Yuan Xinjie
    Available online:  November 21, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250828002
    [Abstract] (23) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.89 M] (45)
    Abstract:
    In this study, a multiplex PCR-based SNP genotyping panel was developed using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data, which includes 170 of core SNP markers. To analyze the genetic diversity of 202 pepper germplasms and identify associated loci for phenotypic traits, this study conducted genetic diversity and association analyses on 202 pepper germplasms using the SNP panel and 30 phenotypic traits. Research showed that a total of 170 core SNP markers distributed across 12 chromosomes, and the average Shannon's Information index, polymorphic information content (PIC) and Nei's gene diversity was 0.616, 0.334 and 0.428, respectively. This indicate high genetic diversity among the tested materials. Results from cluster analysis, population structure analysis, and principal coordinate analysis were consistent: all divided the tested materials into five groups, with each group showing a certain correlation with geographical origin and fruit characteristics. The coefficient of variation (CV) for 30 phenotypic traits ranged from 7.00% to 87.88%, with an average of 40.58%. Genetic diversity index (H′) varied from 0.03 to 2.07, with an average of 1.19. Among these traits, single fruit weight showed the highest CV (87.88%), while fruit length had the highest H′ (2.07). Corolla color exhibited the lowest values for both CV (7.00%) and H′ (0.03). Most of the 30 phenotypic traits showed significant or highly significant correlations. Furthermore, association analysis was performed between phenotypic traits and SNP markers. And the results showed that a total of 53 SNP-associated loci were detected by the two methods (GLM and MLM), which were significantly associated with 12 phenotypic traits. GLM and MLM can explain 4.83%–48.41% and 10.86%–19.19% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. And the marker 980-003 located on chromosome 4 has the highest phenotypic variance explained for corolla color. Four loci were simultaneously detected by both methods. The SNP genotyping panel developed in this study is a genotyping method with high throughput, good accuracy, and low cost, which can be applied to studies such as genetic structure analysis, molecular marker-assisted breeding, and variety identification of peppers. In addition, this study established a database of phenotypic traits and genotypes for 202 pepper germplasms, effectively establishing the corresponding relationship between phenotype and genotype. It provides theoretical guidance and material basis for the exploration of excellent pepper genes, germplasm innovation and the genetic improvement of varieties.
    Research Advances on Construction of Genetic Maps and DiseaseResistance QTL Mapping in ornamental plants
    XU Jia, ZHOU Mingqin, LI Huayang, JIA Ruidong, ZHAO Xin, GE Hong, KOU Yaping, YANG Shuhua
    Available online:  November 19, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20251013003
    [Abstract] (48) [HTML] (0) [PDF 663.79 K] (48)
    Abstract:
    Ornamental plants are important horticultural crops, and their traits such as plant shape, flower color, flower form, flower fragrance, flowering habitat directly determine their ornamental and market value. Modern molecular breeding techniques are effective ways for rapidly developing new varieties. However, the lack of localization and mining of key genes for important traits greatly limits the application of these techniques in ornamental plants. Genetic linkage map is a linear arrangement map of the relative positions of chromosomal or intra-genomic loci based on the recombination frequency of genetic markers. It is a crucial tool for studying the genetic laws and molecular mechanisms of complex traits in organisms, providing a foundation for the localization, identification and genetic mechanism analysis of key genes for traits, and offering theoretical and practical guidance for molecular breeding. In recent years, with the development of sequencing and molecular biology techniques, some progress has been made in genetic map construction and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of ornamental plants, but it lacks systematic induction and summarization. This paper reviews the research progress on the construction of genetic linkage maps and QTL mapping for important ornamental traits including plant shape,
    Cloning and Functional Analysis of RcNAC83 from Tibetan Rhodiola crenulata
    张 力 鹏, WU Mei, WANG Hongpeng, LI Tianyu, LU Jiayi
    Available online:  November 19, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250727001
    [Abstract] (18) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.92 M] (50)
    Abstract:
    NAC transcription factor is one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, playing a significant role in various life processes such as plant growth and development, physiological metabolism, and stress response. This study firstly cloned the RcNAC83 gene from the Tibetan Rhodiola crenulata. Through bioinformatics and real-time quantitative PCR techniques, the physicochemical properties and expression patterns of this gene were preliminarily understood. Using chromosome walking technology, the promoter sequence was predicted to identify trans-acting elements. Yeast expression vectors were constructed to verify its transcriptional activation activity, and it was ectopically expressed in Salvia miltiorrhiza to analyze the changes in phenotypes and physiological indicators under salt stress. The results showed that the full-length RcNAC83 gene was 918 bp, containing 3 exons, and encoded 248 amino acids. The protein had obvious hydrophilicity and no transmembrane domain. It was subcellularly located in the nucleus and contained multiple phosphorylation sites. The N-terminal of the RcNAC83 gene could be divided into 5 subdomains, among which subdomain D was the NARD region, which had a similar amino acid sequence and conserved domain to the homologous genes, and was closely related to the genus Kalanchoe genes. The promoter sequence was 888 bp and contained multiple trans-acting elements for transcriptional activation, light response, anaerobic induction, plant hormone MeJA, and recognition by MYB, MYC, and WRKY710S genes. The RcNAC83 gene was expressed in 6 tested organs and was induced by various abiotic stresses and plant hormones. This gene had no toxicity to yeast cells and transcriptional activation activity. In overexpressing Salvia miltiorrhiza, the RcNAC83 gene could not affect the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza, but reduce tolerance to salt stress.
    Technical Regulation for ex-situ conservation of Oryza granulata resources in Hainan Province
    唐清杰 , 邢福能, 周世圳, 程在全
    Available online:  November 14, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250929002
    [Abstract] (22) [HTML] (0) [PDF 982.54 K] (46)
    Abstract:
    Oryza granulata is one of China's three wild rice germplasm resources. Compared with Oryza rufipogon and Oryza officinalis, it exhibits more distinct scarcity and endangerment status and utmost importance in protection.At present, the research on the theory of wild rice protection and the development of protection technology were relatively lagging behind, which results in insufficient support for both ex-situ protection and in-situ protection.Based on the results of many years of experiments，the standard technical regulation for ex-situ conservation of oryza granulata resources in Hainan Province was summarized and normalized.It mainly includes terminology and definitions,the save procedures, field management, monitor,harvest,upgrading and revitalizing and propagation and multiplication,distribution,, management of germplasm information, so as to provide technical reference for ex-situ conservation of oryza granulata resources.The technical regulations are applicable to ex-situ conservation of oryza granulata resources in Hainan Province.
    Phenotypic Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of 57 Superior Hevea brasiliensis Clones
    li xiaoqin
    Available online:  November 06, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250911003
    [Abstract] (24) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.58 M] (76)
    Abstract:
    This study utilized 57 superior Hevea brasiliensis clones collected and preserved from first-generation rubber plantations in China. 25 quantitative traits of these clones were determined, including growth characteristics, leaf morphological features, and anatomical structure indicators. The variation extent, genetic diversity indices, and correlations among these traits were further analyzed. Based on the comprehensive set of phenotypic traits, systematic cluster analysis and principal component-based evaluation were subsequently conducted. The results indicated that all 25 phenotypic traits exhibited highly significant differences among the 57 superior rubber tree clones. The coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 7.26% to 45.29%, with the CV of stem circumference growth during the seedling stage being relatively large, while that of the left vein width/leaf width ratio was the smallest. The phenotypic genetic diversity index ranged between 1.018 and 2.188, with leaf area showing the highest diversity index and the left vein width/leaf width ratio exhibiting the lowest. Among the 25 phenotypic traits, except for left vein width/leaf width , number of leaf veins, midrib thickness, leaf vein angle, palisade to spongy tissue ratio, lower epidermis thickness, and cell structural looseness, which showed no significant correlation with most other traits, the majority of the remaining traits exhibited significant (P<0.05) or highly significant (P<0.01) correlations. Notably, the positive correlation coefficients between stem circumference growth and leaf area, leaf length, and leaf thickness all exceeded 0.8. Among the parameters of leaf anatomical structure, the majority of pairwise combinations between indicators such as leaf thickness, cuticle thickness, palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness, and upper epidermis thickness exhibited significant (P<0.05) or highly significant (P<0.01) correlations. Furthermore, these anatomical parameters were also significantly correlated with the vast majority of leaf morphological traits. Systematic cluster analysis classified the 57 superior clones into six distinct groups. No clear relationship was observed between the clustering results and the geographic origins of the clones. Approximately half of the clones were grouped into Group I. Groups IV and V exhibited desirable traits such as rapid growth, larger leaf area, sparse vein distribution, and greater thickness across various leaf anatomical parameters. Based on cluster analysis and principal component comprehensive evaluation, excellent fast-growing and highly resistant clones such as No. 7, 10, 33, 27, 46, and 14 were selected. By the seventh year, the stem circumference growth of all these clones had exceeded 52 cm. Among them, No. 7 and No. 10 were triploid clones. This study adequately demonstrates the phenotypic diversity of scattered superior tree resources in domestic rubber planting areas and provides valuable genetic materials for parental selection and targeted breeding in H. brasiliensis improvement.
    Analysis of Quality-Related Traits in Maize Landraces and Elite Inbred Lines
    Ye Wenju, Liu Dan, Yu Sijia, Teng Feng, Tong Shaohua, Wang Mingcheng, He Zhenghua, Zhang Shilong, Sun Xiaopeng, Li Manfei, Zhai Lihong, Du Hewei, Jia Haitao
    Available online:  October 30, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250823002
    [Abstract] (56) [HTML] (0) [PDF 914.40 K] (320)
    Abstract:
    To develop high-yield and high-quality maize varieties and alleviate the supply-demand pressure arising from the difficulty in balancing high yield and high quality, this study used a near-infrared analyzer (DA7250) to measure the protein, starch, and oil content in 588 elite maize inbred lines (across four environments) and 939 landraces (across two environments).Integrating multi-year and multi-location data, phenotypic variation, differences between the two populations, and correlations among the traits were analyzed. The results indicate that:(1) Landraces exhibit high genetic diversity Shannon-Wiener index H′ > 2.0 for all three quality traits, with oil content displaying the highest phenotypic variation at CV=8.66% and starch content the lowest at CV=2.46%. Protein content is significantly higher in landraces from the Southwest region than in those from the Huanghuai region (P=1.4×10??), whereas starch content is significantly lower (P=0.000164). (2) Elite inbred lines also exhibit rich diversity with H′ values for protein, starch, and oil being 2.075, 2.049, and 1.980 respectively. The coefficient of variation for protein and oil content exceeds 10% in specific environments, and both traits overall show a decreasing trend in content from south to north. (3) Landraces possess significantly higher protein (P=3.77×10??3) and oil content (P=4.8×10?13?) than elite inbred lines, with no significant difference in starch content. (4) Highly significant correlations exist among the traits (P<0.01): starch content is negatively correlated with both protein and oil content, whereas protein and oil content are positively correlated. (5)Four accessions with high-protein and high-starch and three accessions with high-oil and high-starch were identified, providing key resources for analyzing the synergistic improvement mechanism of maize yield and quality; simultaneously, extreme quality materials ranking in the top 10 for protein, starch, and oil content were selected, including widely used core inbred lines such as HZ32, PH4CN, and Su37. In summary, both landraces and elite inbred lines harbor abundant quality trait variation. This study provides a material foundation for developing high-quality maize varieties and offers practical guidance for quality breeding practice.
    Genetic Regulation and QTL Mapping of Red Testa Trait in Peanut
    LIU Hua, QI Fei-yan, Qin Li, Sun Zi-qi, Wang Juan, Zhen Yuzhen, Mo Zi-qiang, XU Jing, ZHANG Zhong-xin, DONG Wen-zhao, DAI Xiao-dong, Zheng Zheng, and ZHANG Xin-you
    Available online:  October 30, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250826002
    [Abstract] (43) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.20 M] (449)
    Abstract:
    Peanuts are an important economic oilseed crop, and the testa color is not only a key agronomic trait for distinguishing different varieties but also an important commercial trait affecting the markert value. The red testa of peanuts contains higher levels of anthocyanins, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Breeding new peanut varieties with red testa holds greater economic value and broader market potentials. In this study, the genetic characteristics of red testa was investigated using three segregating populations constructed from two peanut varieties with red testa, Zhenzhuhong 1 (ZZH1) and Zhanhong 2 (ZH2), and one peanut varitety with pink testa,Yuhua 15 (YH15). The testa color of F1 generation from the cross between ZZH1 and YH15 showed red color, while the F1 generation from the cross between ZH2 and YH15 exhibited pink color. This indicated that the red testa of ZZH1 is a dominant over the pink testa trait of YH15, while that of ZH2 is a recessive trait. The chi-square test confirmed that the testa color segregation ratio in the “YH15×ZZH1” F2 population conformed to the hypothesis of being controlled by a single dominant gene. Similarly, the segregation ratio in the “ZH2×YH15” F2 population aligned with the hypothesis of a single recessive gene controlling the trait. In contrast, the “ZH2×ZZH1” F2 population exhibited a segregation ratio consistent with the hypothesis of being controlled by two genes, suggesting that the red testa trait can be classified into dominant and recessive forms, each regulated by a separate pair of genes. The homologous lines with red and pink testa from the “YH15×ZZH1” population were selected to construct two bulked pools for Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA), respectively. A major QTL controlling the dominant red testa was located in a 0.898 Mb region on chromosome 3, with PVE exceeded 95.2%. Based on two previously reported linked markers for the red testa and one newly developed marker in this study, the linkage was validated in the three genetic populations. It was found that Tif1.A03.125867405 and Tif2.A03.126107404 were highly linked to the dominant red testa, with Tif2.A03.126107404 completely linked to all tested materials. Additionally, Tif1.A12.117190528 was completely linked to the recessive red testa dominant trait. These markers provide technical support for molecular marker-assisted selection of red testa traits.
    Identification and Evaluation of Blast Resistance in 1018 Oryza rufipogon Griff. Germplasm Resources
    成彦蓉, 金叶, 郭文龙, 白大嵩, 张忠林, 彭友林, 钱前, 郑晓明
    Available online:  October 28, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250726001
    [Abstract] (68) [HTML] (0) [PDF 809.29 K] (376)
    Abstract:
    Common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.), distinguished by exceptional genetic diversity and outstanding environmental plasticity, constitutes an invaluable gene reservoir for the genetic improvement of cultivated rice. Rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) is listed in the List of Class I Crop Diseases and Pests issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Harnessing elite resistance sources to breed broad-spectrum resistant cultivars represents the most cost-effective and sustainable strategy for managing this pathogen. Here,1018 O. rufipogon Griff.accessions collected from Guangdong, Hainan and Guangxi were systematically screened against a panel of 42 predominant M. oryzae physiological races originating from Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Hubei and Jiangsu. When challenged with the Southwest composite inoculum (races pooled from Sichuan, Guizhou and Chongqing), 88 accessions exhibited resistance (R), 34 moderate resistance (MR), 124 moderate susceptibility (MS) and 772 susceptibility (S). Subsequent race-specific assays on the 122 resistant accessions revealed that 59 (48.4 %) conferred resistance to Hubei isolate B27, 73 (59.8 %) to the Jiangxi race mixture, 107 (87.7 %) to Yunnan isolate Q12 and 102 (83.6 %) to Jiangsu isolate C62. Iterative screening against all 42 races ultimately identified 59 accessions displaying broad-spectrum resistance, comprising 45 from Guangdong, 5 from Guangxi and 9 from Hainan. Notably, the proportion of broad-spectrum resistant accessions was significantly higher in Hainan (22.0 %) than in Guangdong (5.1 %) or Guangxi (5.4 %). These precisely characterized, broad-spectrum resistant wild rice resources provide an indispensable genetic foundation for future blast-resistance research and breeding.
    Genome Identification of Metallopeptidase Family 24 in Rice and Their Expression Analysis under Saline-alkaline Stress
    PENG Peng, ZHANG Xiaolin, SUN Jiajuan, LI Qinlin, YANG Zhongli, GUO Yaqi, CHEN Hui
    Available online:  October 27, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250902004
    [Abstract] (44) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.07 M] (566)
    Abstract:
    Metallopeptidase 24 (M24) is a type of protein, which shares a common structural-fold, the "pita bread" conserved domain widely exists in animals, plants and microorganisms and plays an important role in individual development and organ sculpting as well as the environmental stress response.In this study, in order to systematically study the characteristics of OsM24 family members in rice, the bioinformatics analysis and the qRT-PCR methods were carried out. The results showed that 16 OsM24 members were identi?ed from rice genome and found to be unevenly distributed on 9 of 12 rice chromosomes.There were significant differences in the physicochemical properties among OsM24 family members. Their phylogenetic relationship suggested that OsM24 family members could be classified into 3 subfamilies OsM24I~III and members within the same subfamily exhibited conserved gene structure and motif compositions.GO ontology (GO) and predicted protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) analysis suggested that OsM24 family members exerted their functions in protein synthesis, processing, and modification by relying on their hydrolase activity. Cis-acting elements analysis indicated that there were a number of diverse regulatory elements related to hormones, stress, light and plant growth and development in the promoter region of OsM24 family member genes. The expression patterns analysis showed the expression of OsM24 genes in rice was significantly tissue-specific.The qRT-PCR analysis suggested apart from OsM24-7, OsM24-12, OsM24-15 and OsM24-16, the remaining 12 OsM24 genes all are involved in salt and alkaline stress. However, their expression patterns differed under salt stress and alkali stress conditions.These suggests that the OsM24 proteins may respond to salt and alkali stress through different regulatory pathways.Collectively, this study provides an important theoretical reference for further research on the role of metallopeptidase 24 in rice development and saline-alkali stress response.
    Research Advances on Construction of Genetic Maps and Disease Resistance-Related QTL Mapping in Peanut
    郭敬坤, 韩锁义, 许湘茹, 吴征, 陈琳杰, 王长在, 黄冰艳, 董文召, 崔梦杰, 张新友
    Available online:  October 20, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250811001
    [Abstract] (58) [HTML] (0) [PDF 551.01 K] (159)
    Abstract:
    Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), as an important oilseed and economic crop in China, is susceptible to various pathogens during its growth, development, and storage, posing a serious threat to its yield and quality. With the completion of whole-genome sequencing of peanut, the mapping of disease resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) and molecular-assisted breeding technologies have achieved rapid development, providing a new and effective technical support for the genetic improvement of peanut. This review systematically summarized the construction of peanut genetic maps and the mapping of QTLs associated with major peanut diseases, including leaf spot, bacterial wilt, stem rot, and Aspergillus flavus. To drive the genetic improvement of disease resistance in peanuts, a synergistic strategy combining multi-omics analyses, molecular marker-assisted selection, and precision gene editing technologies must be implemented to enable transformative advances in peanut breeding.
    Research Progress on Structural Characteristics and Biological Functions of DIR Gene Family Members in Plants
    zhangjinpeng, yangmengping, sunxuhong, lizhixin, loushubao, xingjinyue, wanghuaipeng, songjiling
    Available online:  October 09, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250722001
    [Abstract] (77) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.35 M] (946)
    Abstract:
    Plants encounter numerous adverse environmental factors during growth and development. In response to these stresses, plants produce secondary metabolites such as lignin and lignans. Dirigent (DIR) proteins are a class of auxiliary proteins in plants containing a characteristic Dirigent domain. They participate in lignin polymerization and lignan biosynthesis by mediating the stereo- and regioselectivity of oxidative coupling reactions. In recent years, with the identification and analysis of DIR gene families in various plant species, their members have been extensively studied for their involvement in processes including plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This article comprehensively reviews research progress on the structural characteristics, subfamily classification, and biological functions of DIR gene family in plants. It particularly focuses on elucidating the mechanisms by which DIR genes respond to stresses such as drought, low temperature, and pathogen infection. This review aims to lay the groundwork for future investigations into the functional mechanisms of DIR genes in plant growth and development, stress resistance, and quality formation and as well as for the development of superior germplasm resources characterized by enhanced quality, yield, and stress tolerance.
    Sampling Strategies for Germplasm Collection of Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth.
    时英喆, 王浩辰, 李向华
    Available online:  September 30, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250731001
    [Abstract] (73) [HTML] (0) [PDF 648.16 K] (609)
    Abstract:
    Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth., a perennial species of the subgenus Glycine, is endemic to Fujian Province, China, and was listed as a National Grade Ⅱ Key Protected Wild Plant in 2021. Rational population sampling to maximize the preservation of genetic diversity is crucial for germplasm collection of this species. In this study, species-specific SSR markers were employed to analyze both inter-population genetic structures across 13 natural populations and intra-population genetic structures in a single-population. The results show that: (1)geographically there were Extremely low gene differentiation (Fst = 0.056), high expected heterozygosity (He = 0.741), high polymorphism information content (PIC = 0.70), and substantial gene flow (Nm = 4.445); intra-population variation (Hs accounting for 78.0% of the total variation) exceeded inter-population differentiation (Dst accounting for 62.0% of the total variation). The results of this study clearly support that: although?G. tabacina?is a self-pollinating plant, its geospatial population genetic variation characteristic resembles that of outcrossing plants, which may be attributed to the species' perennial nature facilitating high genetic heterogeneity and extensive long-distance dispersal enabling high geographical gene flow. (2)fine-scale spatial genetic structure analysis within the single population (Longhai) with higher-level disturbance revealed that that the range of spatial genetic patches among plants was 4.85 m. When the sampling size was 20-25 plants, 95% of the population's genetic diversity was captured. Based on the findings of this study, we propose the following strategies for collecting G. tabacina germplasm resources: at the population level, at least 20-25 individual plants should be sampled within a population, with an interval of at least 9-15 m between sampled plants. At the geographical spatial level of populations, since G. tabacina in China is only distributed in a narrow coastal area of Fujian Province, it is recommended to collect as many populations as possible.
    The Effects of Plant Hormones on Lettuce Seed Germination and PG Gene Expression
    qi Zhang, GAN Yang-ying, 张爱霞, Bei Jing-long, 刘勤坚, 王森, wu rouxian, 刘文华, CHEN Bing-xian
    Available online:  September 22, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250429001
    [Abstract] (100) [HTML] (0) [PDF 4.17 M] (361)
    Abstract:
    This study systematically elucidated the molecular mechanisms by which plant hormones regulate the polygalacturonase (PG) gene family during lettuce seed germination through integrated analyses of microscopic morphology, hormone profiling, enzyme activity assays, and transcriptome sequencing. For the first time, 54 LsPGs genes were identified at the whole-genome level in lettuce, clustering into seven subfamilies with uneven distribution across nine chromosomes, and their proteins were predominantly localized to the cell membrane. Scanning electron microscopy revealed seed imbibition-induced radicle emergence through the endosperm cap at 15 h, complete breakthrough at 24 h, and 100% germination rate at 36 h, with PG enzyme activity peaking at 30 h before declining. Exogenous GA? (10 μmol/L) and ETH (1 mmol/L) significantly accelerated germination, advancing peak emergence to 18~18.5 h with enhanced radicle thickening and root hair proliferation; GA? treatment maintained elevated PG activity until 36 h. Conversely, ABA (1 μmol/L), JA (25 μmol/L), and IAA (10 μmol/L) delayed peak emergence to 21.5~29 h, inhibited radicle elongation, and IAA significantly suppressed enzyme activity. Endogenous hormone dynamics showed decreasing ABA (24.6% of 6 h levels at 18 h), SA, and JA levels during germination, while ACC and IAA levels increased. qRT-PCR analysis revealed hormone-specific regulation of LsPGs expression: GA? significantly upregulated LsPG4/20/47/53 (3.1~4.5 fold), ETH specifically activated LsPG47 (3 fold), JA induced LsPG2/13/22/53, while SA and IAA broadly repressed LsPGs (notably LsPG19 was downregulated by all hormones). The study demonstrates that GA?/ETH promote endosperm cell wall degradation via LsPGs activation to accelerate germination, whereas ABA/SA delay the process through LsPGs inhibition. A hormone-PG gene interaction network model was constructed, providing critical theoretical targets for regulating lettuce seed germination and molecular breeding.
    Research Progress on Identification Methods of rice Bakanae Resistance and Screening of Resistant Resources
    YU Kun-yu, JIANG Hong-rui, HUANG Qi-na, YANG Jie, YANG Chang-deng, LIANG Yan
    Available online:  September 15, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250714005
    [Abstract] (108) [HTML] (0) [PDF 607.37 K] (1002)
    Abstract:
    Bakanae disease, caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, is a globally important fungal disease of rice. The pathogen produces gibberellins, cell wall-degrading enzymes, and effector proteins that interfere with host metabolic processes and suppress immune responses, resulting in abnormal plant elongation and significant yield losses. In recent years, studies on the molecular interactions between F. fujikuroi and rice have primarily focused on transcriptomic analyses, while the specific resistance genes and their regulatory networks remain largely unresolved. To identify key resistance genes and further understand the underlying genetic mechanisms, it is crucial to screen and characterize a wide range of resistant rice germplasm. This review summarizes the application of artificial inoculation methods and molecular marker genotype identification technology in the identification of in resistance identification and evaluation of rice bakanae disease. The screening outcomes and assessment criteria of existing resistant germplasm resources are compared, providing a theoretical basis for the identification of key resistance genes and the development of resistant cultivars. In light of the current scarcity of resistant germplasm resources, we propose the establishment of a standardized, reproducible platform for identifying rice resistance to bakanae disease across diverse genetic backgrounds. By integrating high?throughput screening with multi?environment field validation, this platform will provide a solid foundation for the systematic discovery of key resistance genes and comprehensive germplasm evaluation.
    Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Seed Germination under Heat Stress
    Wei Jinpeng, ZHANG Qi, YANG Le, ZHOU Yuliang, CHEN Bingxian
    Available online:  September 01, 2025 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250427001
    [Abstract] (100) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.23 M] (312)
    Abstract:
    As global warming intensifies, heat stress has emerged as a key challenge hindering the sustainable growth of the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) industry. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which high temperatures inhibit lettuce seed germination, this study used heat-tolerant cultivar 'Italian Lettuce' and heat-sensitive cultivar 'Four Seasons Fodder Cabbage' as experimental materials, Transcriptomic, metabolomic, and integrated multi-omics analysis of seeds from two lettuce varieties under heat stress. Untargeted metabolomics analysis identified 391 differentially expressed metabolites under heat stress, with the tyrosine metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways showing specific activation: metabolites such as muconic acid, L-tyrosine, L-tyramine, and P-Hydroxycinnamic acid were significantly enriched. Transcriptome analysis revealed 3,127 differentially expressed genes,the findings suggest that two genetic regulatory mechanisms are closely linked to early germination under heat stress in lettuce.: (1) heat shock protein (HSP)-related genes were uniquely upregulated in 'Italian Lettuce'; (2) AP2/ERF regulators activated β-glucanase -coding genes to repair heat-damaged cell walls. Simultaneously, key genes were initially screened through GSEA enrichment analysis combined with PPI protein interaction networks. qRT-PCR validated the conclusions of RNA-seq. Integrated multi-omics analysis revealed that the expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes (ACO) (1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase) in Four Seasons Fodder Cabbage was significantly downregulated. Core genes in the flavonoid pathwayand β-glucosidase encoding genes were also suppressed, along with an inhibition of aromatic amino acid (like tyrosine) biosynthesis. This indicates that heat stress inhibits seed germination through a dual mechanism of metabolic flow blockage and antioxidant defense system inactivation. This study maps the gene-metabolite network underlying heat-stress responses in germinating lettuce seeds, providing theoretical support for the molecular interaction mechanisms that inhibit seed germination.
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    Advances in Germplasm Collection and Genetic Diversity Research of Wild Broomcorn Millet in China
    LIU Min-xuan, XU yue, LU Ping
    2020,21(6):1435-1445 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200522001
    [Abstract] (1556) [HTML] (0) [PDF 30.14 M] (47513)
    Abstract:
    Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a representative crop in dryland agriculture and has been cultivated for over 10,000 years. Wild broomcorn millet, widely distributed in fields alongside the cultivated broomcorn millet and in woodland edges and grasslands across Eurasia, plays a crucial role in studies of broomcorn millet origin and domestication history. This review summarizes the research progresses achieved in China in germplasm collection and conservation, identification and evaluation, and genetic diversity analysis of wild broomcorn millet, and in the relationship between the wild broomcorn millet and cultivated broomcorn millet, and proposes further project development and the core mission of collection, utilization and research of wild broomcorn millet resources in China.
    The Phenotypic Variations and Allelic Analysis of Different Dwarf Germplasm Resources in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
    ZHANG Min-juan, WANG Deng-ke, DUAN Shi-xiang, DOU Jun-ling, YANG Sen, LIU Dong-ming, NIU Huan-huan, ZHU Hua-yu, HU Jian-bin, SUN Shou-ru, MA Chang-sheng, YANG Lu-ming
    2022,23(5):1298-1309 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220616001
    [Abstract] (1008) [HTML] (0) [PDF 35.18 M] (35744)
    Abstract:
    In recent years, facility cultivation in watermelon has become one of the main ways in China, and dwarf germplasm resources have been of interest considering their application for their unique advantages in facility cultivation. Dwarf is one important agronomic trait in modulating plant architecture, and dwarf watermelon varieties are adaptable for high-density planting, mechanizing management and pest control, which can effectively reduce costs and meet the current needs of simplified watermelon cultivation. In this study, 14 dwarf germplasms, which were collected from domestic and foreign countries, were subjected for self-pollination with several generations to obtain homozygous inbred lines. Fourteen dwarf germplasms were subjected for diallel crosses, and F1 hybrids and derived F2 populations were analyzed for plant architecture related agronomic traits. Based on allelic tests for 14 dwarf germplasms, two types (class-I and class-II) on the dwarf phenotype were observed. The dwarf trait in class-I mutants d1, d2, d3 and d6 was controlled by the same recessive gene Cldw1, while the dwarf trait in class-mutants was controlled by another recessive gene Cldf. The F1 hybrid derived from inter-crosses between two classes were observed with long vine, and the segregation ratio of the vine type in F2 population was 9:3:3:1, thus confirming that the dwarf trait in two types of mutants were controlled by two different recessive genes. The analysis of different dwarf germplasm mutants in this study provided better understanding of watermelon dwarf resources, which has implication in breeding for new watermelon dwarf varieties.
    Synthesis and cytological studies of allotriploid interspecies between Brassica carinata and Chinese kale
    luoshuangxia
    2013,14(2):361-366 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.028
    [Abstract] (5289) [HTML] (0) [PDF 29.26 M] (32040)
    Abstract:
    The allotriploid interspecies (BCC) were obtained by reciprocal crosses between Brassica carinata (2n=4x=BBCC=34) and Chinese kale (2n=2x=CC=18). The interspecies displayed a stronger growth than parents; the plant and flower type tended to parent B. carinata; and the flower color was the same as parent Chinese kale. Meiosis observation of the allotriploid showed that 9 bivalents and 8 univalents (9Ⅱ 8Ⅰ) were formed at diakinesis, and the two kind of chromosomes (B and C) tended to separate into two groups; at metaphaseⅠ, 9 bivalents of CC genome arranged on equatorial plane and 8 univalents of B genome distributed around the equatorial plane ; and at anaphaseⅠ, the distributions of chromosomes with 13/13 or 12/14 were in the majority. The obtain of this allotriploid (BCC) provides an important material for production of CC B alien addition lines and for study of chromosome homology between B and C genome.
    Wild Relatives of Agricultural Crop in Yunnan Province and Its Peripheral Area
    Gao Ainong
    2013,14(2):193-201 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.002
    [Abstract] (4635) [HTML] (0) [PDF 31.18 M] (25570)
    Abstract:
    The project of “investigation of biological resources of agriculture in Yunnan province and its peripheral area”belongs to National Basic Task Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology. The project has passed the acceptance inspection from the Ministry of Science and Technology in May, 2012, after it has been carried out for 5 years. Yunnan and its peripheral area are low latitudes and high altitudes, also the concentrative areas inhabited by minority nationality people, where the species of agricultural crops are quite abundant, so are the biological and genetic diversity, as a result, the wild relatives of agricultural crops are plenty. In this paper, the authors have introduced the wild relatives of food crops, economic crops, vegetable crops and fruit trees collected in Yunnan and its peripheral area in order to provide basic information and scientific evidences for the researches and development, and constituting the national conservation policy of the diversity of wild plants and scientific researches.
    Identification of QTL for Tassel Color in Maize
    yuanwenjuan
    2013,14(2):289-297 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.005
    [Abstract] (5442) [HTML] (0) [PDF 10.61 M] (23922)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: tassel is an important reproductive organ of maize and the appearance of different kinds of maize differ in thousands of ways .molecular markers, tightly linked with tassel color, could be screened by genetic analysis and QTL mapping of the color of the maize tassel. these molecular markers can be used as an useful tool for maize variety protection and species identification. Mean while, higher pigment content of anthocyan in purple tassel is closely related to the insect resistance of maize tassel. In this study, a black SDM of maize inbred lines were used as a common male parent and respectively hybrid with the white maize inbred lines of wood and yellow maize inbred line Mo17 to build two F2: 3 groups, respectively named MuS (Mu6 x SDM), and MoS (, Mo17 ?SDM).these two groups were planted in two different environments in Yunnan and Chongqing, then conduct QTL mapping about two traits, the anther color (COAn) and the anther capes color (COCa). The results showed that: the anther color and the anther cape color are both quantitative traits, jointly controlled by major genes and minor genes. Seven QTL related to anther color are detected from the two groups in two different environments. They are located in chromosome 2,3,6 and 10.The QTL within marker interval umc1196a-IDP8526 on the chromosome 10 both expressed in Chongqing and Yunnan, and the contribution rate of the phenotype were 23.17% and 19.98%; nine QTL related to anther cape color are detected from the two groups in two environments, located in chromosome 3, 6, 9 and 10 .Among them, three QTL are environmental insensitive (they express in both two environments and the contribution rate are greater than 10%), which respectively in the marker interval umc1979-umc1796 mmc0523-umc2006 in chromosome 6 and the marker interval umc1196a-umc2043 in the chromosome 10 and the contribution rate of the phenotype ranges from 10.69% to 59.30%. The location and effect of the major QTL detected from these two groups have a high degree of consistency, and the major QTL controlling the two traits of anther color and anther cape color have the phenomenon of chain of distribution, mainly near the marker mmc0523 at bin6.04 and the marker IDP8526 at bin10.04. QTL that located on chromosome 6 and 10, and that are stable in different environments and genetic backgrounds can be regarded as the target sites used for further fine mapping. They can also provide a valuable reference for marker-assisted selection of maize tassel color.
    Phenotypic DiversityAnalysis of Five Wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum Populations
    WANG Wen-xiao, CHENG Hao, XU Yu-feng, GE Hong, YANG Shu-hua, ZHAO Xin, WU Rong-hua, JIA Rui-dong
    2020,21(5):1196-1206 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200109006
    [Abstract] (1578) [HTML] (0) [PDF 31.37 M] (23563)
    Abstract:
    In this study, we investigated the phenotypic diversity of 18 characters on five main natural populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum that were collected from three provinces Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou in China. The statistical methods used included nested variance analysis, coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The results revealed significant difference at most phenotypic traits among populations if compared to that within populations. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST) was 75.18%, indicating that the population diversity was largely contributed by the variation among populations. The average variation coefficient of the 18 phenotypic traits was variable from 6.36%–18.51%, with a higher degree of dispersion. PCA showed that plant height, length of ovary, scape height, length of maximum leaf, diameter of flower and length of synsepal were the main sources of phenotypic variation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that plant height, width of synsepal and width of dorsal sepal were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the majority of plant traits, whereas only the length of synsepal was extremely significantly correlated with geographic factors. Cluster analysis revealed three groups from the five populations, which could be explained by the geographic distribution. This study found that populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum have high genetic diversity, and the variation between populations is much higher than that within the population. The phenotypic diversity indicates that wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum populations should be protected as much as possible. Moreover, it is recommended that germplasm is preserved in nurseries and libraries in addition to in-situ conservation, and that an artificial reproduction system is established enhance our conservation efficiency.
    Investigation and Nutrition Components Analysis of Wild Chives in Hezhang County of Guizhou Province
    WANG Hai-ping, QIU Yang, LI Fang-wei, SONG Jiang-ping, Zhang Xiao-hui, LI Xi-xiang
    2017,18(6):1137-1144 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.06.015
    [Abstract] (2067) [HTML] (0) [PDF 10.11 M] (23492)
    Abstract:
    Guizhou province is an important distribution area of wild allium, especially in Hezhang county. In order to understand and study the distribution, the wild Chinese chive in Hezhang county was investigated, and the main nutritional components were analyzed. The results indicated that there are mainly 3 kinds of wild Chinese chive distributed in Hezhang county, Allium wallichii Kunth., Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.(tentatively named) and Allium hookeri Thwaites (tentatively named). . The geographical distribution, habitat and climate of the wild chives were investigated. Among 17 kinds of amino acids, except for proline, the contents of other amino acids in wild chives were higher than that of the cultivated chive. The sugar contents of wild chives were significantly lower than the cultivated chive. Among 9 trace elements, zinc and iron contents of Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.were significantly higher than that of cultivated chives and other wild chives. Among 4 kinds of heavy metal, cadmium content in 3 kinds of wild chives exceed the limitation of national standard, especially the cadmium content in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. was significantly higher than the others. Content of arsenic, mercury and lead in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. also exceed the limitation of national standard; Vc content in leaves and stalk of Allium wallichii Kunth. in original habit was higher than that of cultivated chives. The biological characteristics and nutrition components of wild chives from Hezhang county were significantly different from that of cultivated chives, which will be important genetic resources for utilization and quality development of chives.
    Genome-wide Association Study of Root System Architecture Related Traits in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    CHEN Gui-ju, JIN Yi-rong, LIU Cai-yun, JIA De-xin, FAN Qing-qi, LIU Jin-dong, LIU Peng
    2020,21(4):975-983 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20191126002
    [Abstract] (1685) [HTML] (0) [PDF 709.26 K] (23209)
    Abstract:
    The root system architecture (RSA) determines the composition of the root system and plays an irreplaceable role in crop growth and development. It is of great significance to analyze the genetic mechanism of wheat root architecture and the selection of varieties with better RSA traits in breeding for elite wheat varieties. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is an effective method to analyze the genetic mechanism of complicated quantitative traits (i.e. RSA) in wheat. In the study, GWAS for RSA-related traits(total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter and number of root tips) were conducted in 160 wheat accessions from Henan and Shandong, which were previously genotyped by wheat 660K SNP chip. Twenty-three loci associated with RSA related traits were detected from chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6A, 6B and 7B, and each explained the phenotypic variation variable from 7.2% to 12.8%. Among them, eleven loci are found to coincide with the formerly-reported loci, and the remaining 12 loci are newly identified. Taken together, this study is of significance to uncover the genetic structure of the root architecture with a potential in future breeding of high-yield and stress-resistant wheat cultivars.
    Combining ability of parents for main traits in sorghum panicles
    Long Wenjing, 赵甘霖, 丁国祥, 倪先林, 刘天朋, 汪小楷
    2017,18(5):867-873 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.05.008
    [Abstract] (1723) [HTML] (0) [PDF 7.64 M] (22757)
    Abstract:
    To explore the main characters of the genetic features of sorghum panicle and evaluate the use value of material of latest introduction and cultivation of sorghum parents, thus providing theoretical basis for breeding of sorghum panicle and reference. Four sorghum sterile lines(13163A, 1358A, 128A and 407A ) and 6 restorer lines (9.1R, 213R, 272R, 381R, Dwarf182R and Early21R) were mated, the combining ability of main traits of F1 generation’s panicles was analyzed according to incomplete diallel cross(NCII). The results showed that the main panicle traits exist significant genetic differences, the main performance for the additive gene effect of genetic traits are: spike length, primary branches number, secondary branch number, grain numbe per spike; Narrow heritability size order are: secondary branch number > primary branch number > spike length> grain number per spike > grain weight per spike >1000-kernel weight. Different parent’s general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) is significant difference in different traits. Sterile line 407A and restorer early 21R, 9.1R which has better comprehensive characteristic, have great potential applications in production of hybrid combinations. Restorer 272R combined with lower spike grain number and small grains characteristics can satisfy the market demand for small grain sorghum. In-depth analysis of sorghum hybrid parent main panicle traits, is conducive to the further understanding and use of parent material.
    Analysis of sugars and acid contents and its compositions in different ecological peach cultivar groups
    ZHU Geng-rui, WANG Xin-wei, CAO Ke, FANG Wei-chao, CHEN Chang-wen, WANG Li-rong
    2017,18(5):891-904 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.05.011
    [Abstract] (2187) [HTML] (0) [PDF 14.14 M] (21746)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: Studies were conducted on the distributions of sugar and acids contents of 118 doses of peach accessions, which contain six cultivar groups in China, for providing reliable evidences of high quality peach breeding selection. In this study Soluble sugar was detected by fehling reagent. Titratable acidity was detected by NaOH.Sugar and organic acid compositions in 295 peach accessions were detected using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Result:1) Cultivars derived from Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, Southern China Contain high value of sugar compositions (fructose, sucrose), soluble sugar, total sugar, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars of Changjiang River Region and Northeast China contain high value of fructose.Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain low value of titratable acidity , some acid compositions(citrale, quinate, malate) and total acid, but those are high in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain high value of SS/TA, SSC/TA and ‘Total sugar/ Total acid’, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China, Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and Northeast China. 2) For sugar compositions in different cultivars, Ratio of ‘fructose to total sugar’ is the highest in Changjiang River Region cultivars, Northwest China cultivars have a high level of ‘glucose to total sugar’. The ratio of ‘sorbitol to total sugar’ is the highest in Southern China cultivars, but the Northest China cultivars have the lowest level. Ratio of ‘sucrose to total sugar’ have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups. For the analysis of acid compositions, Changjiang River Region cultivars have high level of citrale, but cultivars of Southern China have a lower level, which have the highest level of quinate. The ratios of succinic and malate acids have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups.
    Study on the Floral characteristics Characteristics and Sstructure in Two Types of Male Sterile Lines of Bbroccoli（Brassica oleracea var.italica）
    shu jin shuai, Liu Yumei, 方智远, 李占省, 孙培田, 杨丽梅, 张黎黎, 张扬勇, 庄木
    2014,15(1):113-119 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2014.01.015
    [Abstract] (4304) [HTML] (0) [PDF 7.81 M] (21356)
    Abstract:
    Broccoli is an important cruciferous vegetable, it has a good anti-cancer effect, with the expanding cultivation area of broccoli and the developing of anticancer drug, the demand for broccoli seeds are increasing. Using male sterile line to produce F1 generation seeds is an important way to utilize of heterosis, but the cytoplasmic male sterile lines commonly used in production have the problems of the buds death are heavier in the early, nectar volume is less and seeds production are low. Our group makes excellent broccoli inbred lines as male parent. cabbage dominant genic male sterility material 79-399-3 and cytoplasmic male sterile material OguraCMSR3 629 as the infertility sources, we have obtained multiple dominant genic male sterile lines and cytoplasmic male sterile lines of broccoli through backcrossing method, in order to further effectively use of broccoli male sterile lines and search for better infertility sources, The the differences of the bud death numbers, floral organ structure and number of or frequecing bees visiting flowers among dominant genic male sterile（DGMS）lines，cytoplasmic male sterile（CMS）lines and inbred lines of broccoli 8554, 8590 and 93219 were studied. The results showed that the differences of the bud length, bud diameter, death buds of single branch, corolla diameter, stamen length, anther length, petal length, the times of visiting bees, the number of visiting bees and the time of bees staying on the flower between DGMS and CMS of lines 8554, 8590 and 93219 were significant. On As athe whole, above characteristics in DGMS lines were significantly better than CMS lines.
    Crop gene pyramiding molecular breeding
    徐小万, 雷建军, 罗少波, 李颖, 王恒明
    2010,11(3):364-368 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.03.003
    [Abstract] (7885) [HTML] (0) [PDF 546.74 K] (20053)
    Abstract:
    Most agronomic charateristics and complex biosynthetic pathways are determined by the coordination of multiple gene expression ,and gene pyramiding molecular breeding combined with conventional breeding techniques have become the main means for the crop breeding.Gene pyramiding molecular breeding includes genetic transformation molecular breeding and marker-assisted selection molecular breeding. The research progress of crop genetic pyramiding molecular breeding in recent were reviewed. The research methods, the countermeasures on the existing problems of gene pyramiding molecular breeding were discussed and the prospects were described as well in this paper.
    The Wild Dactylis glomerata Germplasm Resources of Hengduan Mountains in Southwest China
    钟声, 黄梅芬, 段新慧
    2010,11(1):1-4 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.01.001
    [Abstract] (5745) [HTML] (0) [PDF 422.92 K] (19495)
    Abstract:
    Hengduan mountains lie in southwest of China,which is famous by the extending from south to north.There widely distribute wild Dactylis glomerata germplasm resources,which belongs to subspecies glomerata,and subspecies himalayensis.The distribution range of two subspecies is nearly the same,but much difference existed in the morphological characters and phenological development in two subspecies.Through hybridization of subspecies himalayensis and subspecies glomerata in artificial condition,triploid offspring may be obtained.But no definite evidence has been found that hybrid triploid offspring was existed by crossbreeding of two subspecies in natural condition.In recent decade years,many basal studies about the two subspecies have been done in China,but a few were about the protection and utilization.Thinking about the origin,it can be sure that subspecies himalayensis belong to natural origin ecotype,but subspecies glomerata was likely to belong to naturalization species.Because of the competing threat from the subspecies glomerata,it is necessary to reinforce the protection and utilization studies about the subspecies himalayensis.
    Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Barbarea Vulgaris Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits
    Liu Tongjin, , , , , and
    2015,16(3):528-534 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2015.03.014
    [Abstract] (4218) [HTML] (0) [PDF 19.71 M] (19319)
    Abstract:
    Barbarea vulgaris is an excellent cruciferous plant, particularly being ideal as a model species to study saponin biosynthesis, insect resistance, and coevolution of plants and insect pest. In order to make full use of B. vulgaris germplasm, the genetic diversity was analyzed among the 34 accessions conserved in the national mid-term gene bank for vegetables, based on the phenologic, morphological and insect resistance data from the field investigation. The results showed significant morphological diversity in B. vulgaris germplasm from Europe. Among the 34 accession, BV13-BAR13 bolted earliest, 47 days earlier than the latest bolting material (BV13-BAR9). Most of the B. vulgaris germplasm have glabrous leaves, strong tillering ability and more leaf numbers. The range and coefficient variation (CV) of the plant height, silique length and inflorescence length are the highest among all traits. Only 9 of 34 B. vulgaris are susceptible to the diamondback moth, most accessions are highly resistant to the pest. The clustering analysis showed that 34 accessions can be divided into 3 groups. The resistant and susceptible germplasm were distributed to different groups, reflecting their genetic relationships. Our research will provide useful materials and information for the genetic breeding of insect resistant B. Vulgaris and cruciferae crops.
    Composition Variation of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits in the Doubling Haploids from Anther Culture and the Crossing Hybrids in Wheat
    Han Xiaofeng, Ye Xingguo, Liu Xiaolei, We Yiqin, Yan Yueming, Du Lipu
    2010,11(6):671-677 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.06.004
    [Abstract] (5205) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (19021)
    Abstract:
    High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in the doubling haploids from stable cultivars and the crossing hybrids between different varieties of common wheat were analyzed to explore the possibility of improving the subunit compositions by anther culture and commercial crossing. Double haploids from five wheat genotypes of Alondra, Orofen, Xinchun9, Verry, and Bainong3217 were obtained by anther culture, and different hybrids were made each other from different wheat lines with different HMW-GS constitutions such as Xingchun9, Jing771, CB037, CS, Ningchun4, Bobwhite, and yangmai12 by crossing. Then, SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the populations of the doubling haploids and the crossing hybrids for HMW-GS combinations. The results indicated that frequent variation of HMW-GS happened in the doubled haploids with a rate up to 61.8% in the test genotypes, among which Alondra and Bainong3217 gave higher variation frequency than other three varieties, and several subunits might be new ones which are not present in the corresponding wild types, but need to be identified further. Comparing with the donor lines, the typical double haploids varied in HMW-GS were not changed in main agronomic characteristics such as plant height, growth period, and grain weight. In most F1 hybrids, the expression of all HMW-GS appeared to be co-dominant, but the expression of one or two HMW-GSs was did found to be suppressed in a few F1 crosses. Cytoplasm of female parents was found to have some effect on the expression of very few subunits in a few crosses. At the same time, 2-3 possible new subunits that did not exist in the parents were observed in the two crosses, Ningchun4/CB037 and Jing771/Ningchun4. By continuous self-crossing and tracing of the new subunits, stable lines expressing the putative new subunits were obtained from the two crosses mentioned above. Variation of HMW-GSs constitution or new HMW-GS can be induced by anther culture and normal cross. Co-dominant of HMW-GS expression did not definitely exist in all F1 crosses. Cytoplasm did effect the expression of HMW-GS in some cases. The present study is theoretical and practical valuable for the improvement of wheat processing quality and the further understanding of the genetic and structural features of HMW-GSs encoding genes.
    Advances in Genetics and breeding of High oleic acid peanut
    陈 静
    2011,12(2):190-196 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2011.02.009
    [Abstract] (6031) [HTML] (0) [PDF 503.46 K] (18626)
    Abstract:
    Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important oilseed and economic crop in China. Oleic content and linoleic content of peanut seed add up to 80%. Oleic acid is an important factor that affects physical and chemical stability and nutritional value of peanut oil. Breeding peanut variety with high oleic content is an important breeding objective of peanut quality to promote international competitiveness and meet domestic consumption demand since 2000. Increasing oleic content in peanut significantly improves the nutritional quality. In this paper, we summarize mutants of high oleic peanut, the genetic characteristics of high oleic acid content and analyse pedigree relationship of high oleic acid peanut varieties and developing methods. Our purpose is to improve high oleic breeding of China peanut.
    Investigation and Taxonomy of Wild Fragaria Resources in the South of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China
    GUO Rui-xue, CHENG Yuan-yi, XI Hui, XUE Li, LEI Jia-jun, WANG Lian-jun
    2022,23(5):1393-1399 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220225002
    [Abstract] (913) [HTML] (0) [PDF 44.50 M] (18464)
    Abstract:
    To understand the genus Fragaria resources distributed in the south of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China, the wild strawberries were surveyed during 2019-2021 (latitude, 32°49′46″ to 33°19′38″; longitude, 106°09′23″ to 106°40′23″). The investigation sites include eight villages of three counties (Mengjiahe Village and Wangjiazhuang Village in Lueyang County; Erliba Village and Dashuya Village in Ningqiang County; Liziba Village, Lijiagou Village, Qiuqiya Village and Toudaohe Village in Mi'an County). A total of 57 wild strawberry accessions were collected in this survey. These accessions were identified and classified into three Fragaria species including Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlect., F. chinensis Lozinsk. and F. pentaphylla Lozinsk. (white-fruited), and two types including F. pentaphylla pink-fruited genotype and F. pentaphylla red-fruited genotype through botanical character observation and ploidy identification. Among them, F. pentaphylla was found to be predominant in population. These wild strawberries were found in the vertical space of 849 - 1352 m above sea level, such as mountains, forests, streams, roadsides, barren fields and rock walls. We provided the characters of the collected Fragaria species in detail, and proposed the suggestions on the protection and utilization of local wild strawberry resources.
    Diversity Analysis of Chinese Wild Grape Species
    chengdawei, jiangjianfu, fanxiucai, zhangying, , liuchonghuai
    2013,14(6):996-1012 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.06.003
    [Abstract] (5236) [HTML] (0) [PDF 18.28 M] (18341)
    Abstract:
    China is one of the major origin centres of Vitis species, and has lots of grape species and inherited resource in the world. There are 40 species, 1 subspecies and 13 varieties originated from China. According to the “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)”, taking a number of character index as a identification parameters, the genetic. diversity of 23 Chinese wild grape species were analysised by identifying botany characteristics and agronomic traits.The results showed that Chinese wild grape had rich diversity in main phenophase, young shoot down, young shoot color, blade shape, blade color, teeth, berry size, skin color, berry flavor, floral organs and so on, with abundant genetic diversity. It can provide reference for classification,evolution and breeding of vitis . It is suggested that “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)” for further revision and improvement, in order to adapt Chinese wild vitis resource diversity evaluation research.
    Molecular Mechanism and Application of HSP90 in Plants
    Qi Yan and
    2013,14(1):111-116 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.01.017
    [Abstract] (4821) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (18141)
    Abstract:
    Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) widely mediated stress signal transduction, and plays an important role in the control of normal growth of human cells and in the promoting tumor cell development. At present, HSP90 has become forefront projects of cellular immunity, signal transduction and anti-cancer investigation. The physiological function of HSP90 start later in plant than in animal and fungi. Recent researches revealed that plant HSP90 plays an important role in development, environmental stress response and disease resistance. This paper discussed the molecular functions of HSP90, and systematically reviews latest progresses on molecular mechanism of plant HSP90 as well as improvement of plant resistance to facalitate broaden work.
    Phenotype Analysis and Low-resolution Mapping of a Stripe-Leaf Mutant t122 in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.)
    ZHANG Shuo, ZHI Hui, ZHANG Wei, TANG Chan-juan, LUO Ming-zhao, TANG Sha, JIA Guan-qing, JIA Yan-chao, LIU Gang, HUANG Zhi-mou, CAI Hai-ya, JIAO Chun-hai, DIAO Xian-min
    2022,23(4):1076-1084 ,DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220211001
    [Abstract] (650) [HTML] (0) [PDF 36.21 M] (18086)
    Abstract:
    Leaf color is usually determined by the number, structure, and photosynthetic characters of the chloroplast. Isolation of the functional genes in leaf discoloration mutants of the C4 model plant foxtail millet and deciphering their functions is a way to disclose the regulation mechanism of C4 plant chloroplast biogenesis, development and photosynthesis. In this study, a stripe-leaf mutant t122 was identified from the EMS-induced mutant library of the foxtail millet variety Yugu1. The mutant t122 was observed with developmental retardation, and irregular white stripes on leaves. In contrast to the wild type, the significant decrease on the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, main panicle diameter, main panicle weight, and seed setting rate was observed in t122 mutant, whereas an increase on the panicle number per plant was detected. The photosynthetic capacity of t122 was impaired. By the leaf anatomy analysis, no significant difference in the distance between leaf veins, the number of cell layers between vascular bundles, and the cross-sectional cell area of leaves was observed in t122; however, an increased on the leaf cell length was detected. The ultrastructural observation of chloroplasts showed that, in t122 the chloroplasts showing functional structure were only detected in subsets of leaf cells. The segregation analysis suggested that the stripe-leaf trait of t122 was controlled by a single recessive nuclei-encoding gene. Using the method of MutMap, the candidate gene was mapped to the region of 24.0 Mb - 30.0 Mb on chromosome 3. Collectively, these results laid a good foundation for future cloning and functional characterization of the stripe-leaf gene in foxtail millet.

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