The Journal of Plant Genetic Resources is a bimonthly academic journal co-sponsored by the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and China Association of Agricultural Science Societies .Tt is the only journal in China that mainly introduces plant genetic resources. Founded in 2000, officially launched in 2003, quarterly from 2000 to 2009, and bimonthly in 2010.

The contents of the report are field, horticultural crops, ornamental and medicinal plants, basic research on plant genetic resources, research results in applied research, innovative academic papers, and high-level reviews or reviews of forest plants, grass plants and all their economic plants. For example, the investigation, collection, preservation, evaluation, utilization, innovation, Informatics, management, etc. of germplasm resources; Systems of origin, evolution, classification, etc.; Gene excavation, identification, cloning, establishment of gene libraries, and research on genetic diversity.

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    Review
    Research Progress on Sulfur-rich Amino Acid Metabolism in Maize
    TANG Zeyang, LU Xin, WU Jinli, ZHOU Zhiqiang, GUO Changhong, LI Xinhai
    2024,25(7):1035-1045, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240102001
    [Abstract] (102) [HTML] (31) [PDF 1.17 M] (195)
    Abstract:
    Maize is an important food crop that is primarily used as feed to provide necessary metabolizable energy and nutrients for livestock and poultry. The nutritional value of feed is closely associated with the proportion of protein and amino acid composition.However，maize protein exhibits an imbalanced amino acid content，adding soybean meal supplements the lysine and tryptophan lacking in maize. However，sulphur-containing amino acids （cysteine and methionine） are also limiting amino acids in soybean. Methionine has a direct effect on the rate of protein synthesis in the bodies of livestock and poultry，which in turn affects the production of meat，eggs，and milk. Consequently，it is of great importance that there be a significant enhancement of the sulphur-containing amino acid content，particularly that of methionine，in maize，with a view to facilitating the development of animal husbandry. One limitation of China's maize germplasm resources is the lack of high methionine varieties. Additionally，the breeding process is relatively slow. In recent years，extensive research has been conducted on the absorption and transport mechanism of sulfur elements in plants，leading to the initial construction of a metabolic regulatory network for sulfur-containing amino acids. In this study，we summarized the research results of improving the metabolic mechanism of sulfur-containing amino acids in crops，proposed a new strategy of combining population genetics，comparative genomics and molecular biology to mine candidate genes，and used modern biological breeding to improve the methionine content of maize，so as to provide a reference for genetic improvement of high-quality protein maize.
    Research Progress on Black and Red Rice of Special Varieties
    WU Wenhao, HE Chongchong, WANG Chuanbo, YANG Xiaochuan, FANG Zhongming
    2024,25(7):1046-1055, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231224002
    [Abstract] (63) [HTML] (125) [PDF 691.57 K] (137)
    Abstract:
    Black and red rice varieties are special resources that exhibit black （purple） or red seed coat， respectively， due to pigment deposition， which is rich in nutrients， with more protein， minerals and dietary fiber than white rice. They are also rich in physiological activator such as anthocyanins （procyanidins）， flavonoids， and terpenes. Their nutrient substance and value are significantly higher than those of white rice varieties. Therefore， they are favored by more and more rice consumers. Our country is rich in black and red rice resources， rational utilization of nutrient-rich black and red rice resources， and creation of elite new germplasm and breeding of new black and/or red rice varieties are of great significance to promote the development of special rice industry. In this study， the research history of black and red rice were summarized in four stages and the resource distribution of black and red rice were introduced； the research progress in quality， yield， resistance， and development and utilization of black and red rice were summarized， especially for the latest research progress on quality specificity and formation mechanism. Finally， the weaknesses of current research on black and red rice were summarized， and prospects for future research directions on black and red rice were proposed， so as to provide a reference for the cultivation of new varieties of black and red rice and the further development and utilization of black and red rice.
    Research Articles
    Comprehensive Evaluation and Screening of Drought Resistance of Tomato Germplasm Resources during Germination Period
    MA Yue, LI Yushan, WANG Fan, XU Hongjun, SONG Yu, JIANG Chengyao
    2024,25(7):1056-1069, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231116001
    [Abstract] (59) [HTML] (62) [PDF 1.64 M] (136)
    Abstract:
    Tomato， being one of the important vegetable crops， holds great significance in evaluating the drought resistance of tomato germplasm resources and selecting drought-resistant varieties for tomato breeding. In this study， we subjected 92 tomato germplasm resources to drought stress treatment using a 12.5% PEG-6000 solution. Six drought-related indexes， including germination potential， germination rate， germination index， vigor index， root length and shoot length， were measured， and the drought resistance of tomato at germination stage was evaluated and screened by correlation analysis， principal component analysis， membership function method and cluster analysis.The results showed a significant reduction in all six indicators under drought stress， with the vigor index and germination potential being the most affected. Through principal component analysis， we transformed the six indicators into two new indicators， which contributed to a cumulative contribution rate of 86.657%. Based on correlation and principal component analysis， we identified germination potential， germination rate， germination index， and vigor index as the main indicators for evaluating drought resistance during the germination period. By using the subordination function method combined with cluster analysis， we classified the tomato germplasm resources into four types，including 19 drought-resistant types， 41 relatively drought-resistant types， 18 relatively sensitive types， and 14 sensitive types. By adjusting the concentration of PEG-6000 solution， further screening of the drought-resistant varieties Mizhihong Tomato and Jinnongaiyang， as well as the sensitive varieties Beijingzaohong and Dahongpao can be conducted.These findings provide a theoretical basis for the study of drought resistance in tomato germplasm resources.
    Utilizing ML-GWAS to Elucidate the Genetic Basis of Kernel Moisture Content Traits in Maize
    HU Fanglin, ZHAO Yongfeng, ZHU Yanhui, LI Zhen, JIA Xiaoyan, GUO Jinjie, ZHU Liying
    2024,25(7):1070-1082, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231218003
    [Abstract] (44) [HTML] (25) [PDF 2.19 M] (100)
    Abstract:
    Kernel moisture content （KMC） at maturity is a crucial factor affecting the mechanical harvesting of maize. By utilizing multi-locus genome-wide association study （ML-GWAS），this study aims to explore significant genetic loci associated with KMC and provide insights into the genetic basis，which can contribute to the breeding and genetic improvement of maize varieties for appropriate harvesting. In this research，205 maize inbred lines were used to measure the moisture content of kernels，husks，and cobs at maturity in four different environments. Six ML-GWAS methods，including mrMLM，FASTmrMLM，FASTmrEMMA，pLARmEB，pKWmEB，and ISIS EM-BLASSO，were applied in combination with 76492 single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） distributed throughout the genome for association analysis. Candidate genes were identified and gene annotation was performed. Phenotypic analysis showed that the coefficient of variation for KMC-related traits ranged from 10.47% to 33.90%，with a broad-sense heritability ranging from 67.39% to 81.24%. A total of 26，15，and 23 SNP loci were significantly associated with kernel moisture content，husk moisture content，and cob moisture content，respectively. Among them，14 significant SNP loci were identified by three or more methods，with a phenotypic contribution ranging from 1.13% to 17.21%. pLARmEB detected the most significant loci，while FASTmrEMMA detected the fewest. Based on the detection by three or more methods with an average PVE （Proportion of variance explained）≥5%，significant SNP loci Chr1_9232728，Chr4_176596174，Chr8_57716249，and Chr5_191021635 were identified. Around these loci，within a 220kb upstream and downstream range，a total of 17 candidate genes were excavated. These genes were predominantly enriched in cellular anatomical entities，metabolic processes，and cellular processes with catalytic activity. It is hypothesized that these genes may influence the moisture content of maize kernels，husks，and cobs by modulating cellular metabolism and catalytic activity.
    Traits Inheritance of Female Sterile Line FS2106 in Adlay（Coix L.）
    LI Xiangdong, LU Xiujuan, WEI Xinyuan, PAN Hong, ZENG Tao, SHI Ming
    2024,25(7):1083-1091, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240111001
    [Abstract] (43) [HTML] (51) [PDF 1.72 M] (114)
    Abstract:
    Genetic stable female sterile line is the key to realize heterosis utilization， and it is also a essential pathway to achieve simplified hybrid seed production by using female sterile gene. A female sterile line in genetics， named FS2106， was first discovered during our investigation of germplasm resource. The phenotypic traits， pollen viability and chromosome numbers were tested in the plants， while two hybrid combinations and their segregation populations were built with FS2106 and other two normal female parent， thus traits separation of female sterile， stigma color， shenth color and involurce texture were observed in F1 and F2 generation populations， and inheritance modes and regulations of four traits were revealed by χ2 test. The results showed that plant height， stem diameter， tillers， leaf length and leaf width were 86.9 cm， 4.9 mm， 33.4 per plant， 34.3 cm and 2.2 cm in average， respectively. In flowering stage， its pistillate spikelet grows without development， but tassels are proper growth and produce viability pollens， exhibiting stable female sterile characteristics. Chromosome number was a normal type of 2n=20. Moreover， the female sterile trait in FS2106 is a recessive nuclear inheritance controlled by a single gene， while its purple leaf sheath and stigma and involurce texture are the dominant heredity of single gene， and alleles were heterozygous in involurce texture loci. In conclusion， the discovery of FS2106 and the mining of female sterility gene could provide the basic materials for the heterosis utilization and seed production of adlay， and traits of leaf sheath color， stigma color and involurce texture can be acted as macroscopic flags in breeding procedure.
    Genetic Diversity Analysis of Aroma Substances in 62 Grape Germplasm Resources
    WANG Huan, XU Yifan, ZHANG Jiangmei, LI Feng, MA Xiaohe, HUANG Liping, WANG Min, XUN Zhili, ZHAO Qifeng
    2024,25(7):1092-1105, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231122002
    [Abstract] (40) [HTML] (100) [PDF 1.95 M] (105)
    Abstract:
    To investigate the genetic diversity of aroma components in grape germplasm resources， 62 grape germplasm resources were used as experimental materials. Headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect volatile compounds， and significance analysis of aroma compounds was conducted. 8 agronomic traits were identified， such as color of the upper side， sheen on upper side， anthocyanin colouration of young leaves， articular flavor of mature berries， and so on. Correlation analysis was carried between volatile compounds and 8 agronomic traits. The characteristic volatile substances compounds was screened out by non-metric multidimensional scale analysis （NMDS， stress<0.2） and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）. The results showed that a total of 99 volatile substances in 7 categories were detected in 62 grape germplasm resources， mainly alcohols， esters and terpenes， with the contents of 13.83 mg/L， 13.53 mg/L and 8.99 mg/L， respectively. There are significant differences among various volatile substances. The results of correlation analysis between 8 agronomic traits and aroma substances showed that the color of the upper side，sheen on upper side， anthocyanin colouration of young leaves， color of skin and articular flavor of mature berries were significantly correlated with terpenes， esters and ketones. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis can clearly distinguish the germplasms with very weak anthocyanin coloring of young leaves and the germplasms with middle anthocyanin coloring of young leaves. Based on the variable importance in projection （VIP）>1， P<0.05 as the standard， 17 main volatile substances were screened， among which the VIP value of ethyl caproate was the highest （4.07）， and the VIP value of nerol in terpenes was the highest （2.07）. This study provides a theoretical reference for improving the aroma quality of berries and the innovation of grape germplasm resources.
    Diversity Analysis on Fruit Phenotype of Wild Camellia oleifera from Different Provenances
    XING Kaifeng, XIE Haoxing, ZHANG Lidong, ZHOU Jun, FENG Liyun, ZHANG Huaxuan, CHEN Shang, ZHAO Yao, RONG Jun, ZHANG Jian
    2024,25(7):1106-1117, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231117002
    [Abstract] (43) [HTML] (30) [PDF 1.64 M] (95)
    Abstract:
    This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of fruit phenotypic traits in wild Camellia oleifera from various seed sources， as well as to provide a theoretical basis for selecting superior C. oleifera cultivars and improving genetic germplasm resources. Eight fruit phenotypic traits of C. oleifera were quantified and analyzed using various statistical methods， including analysis of variance， nested analysis of variance， correlation analysis， principal component analysis， and cluster analysis. This study investigated 218 well-developed C. oleifera specimens from 16 provenances across nine provinces（autonomous region）， including Guangdong， Guangxi， Jiangxi， Anhui， Sichuan， Hubei， Hunan， Shaanxi， and Guizhou. The results demonstrated that the mean values of the coefficients of variation for eight fruit phenotypic traits of 16 provenances ranged from 12.03% to 35.08%. Notably， the mean value of the coefficients of variation between provenances （42.83%） was found to be greater than the mean value of the coefficients of variation within provenances （23.99%）. The mean value of the coefficients of variation of the phenotypic differentiation coefficient was 88.63%， indicating that there were abundant variation in phenotypic traits of different germplasm resources of wild C. oleifera fruits. The results of the correlation analysis indicated that there were significant positive correlations between fresh fruit weight， fruit height， fruit diameter， peel thickness， fresh seed weight， and the number of seeds per fruit. Conversely， there were significant negative correlations between peel thickness and fresh seed yield. The results of principal component analysis indicated that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 90.773%， suggesting that the majority of the phenotypic traits of wild C. oleifera fruits could be adequately represented by the first three principal components. The first principal component primarily reflected the characteristics of fruit size， the second mainly reflected the characteristics of fruit seeding rate， and the third mainly reflected the characteristics of fruit shape. Cluster analysis revealed that the 16 provenances were divided into Ⅰ and Ⅱ classes at Euclidean distance 10， with further subdivision into subclasses at Euclidean distance 5. Class I is more convenient in terms of production and processing， while Class II is more advantageous in terms of yield and profitability. The phenotypic traits of wild C. oleifera fruits exhibited considerable diversity， and different groups of provenances could be selected as breeding materials according to breeding objectives.
    Fruit Traits Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Sterculia monosperma Vent. Germplasms
    LUO Peisi, HUANG Lijun, LU Meiying, LI Wenyan, JIANG Juanjuan, WEI You, YAN Zhenling, ZHAO Jing, ZHOU Jing
    2024,25(7):1118-1128, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231118001
    [Abstract] (36) [HTML] (29) [PDF 1.41 M] (86)
    Abstract:
    Sterculia monosperma Vent.， also known as phoenix-eye fruit， nine-layer-skin fruit， etc.， is a dual-purpose nut plant for medicine and food.In an effort to effectively conserve and exploit the germplasm resources of Sterculia monosperma Vent.， a comprehensive assessment and diversity analysis was conducted on 70 germplasms of this species. This study employed a robust set of statistical methodologies including diversity， cluster， correlation， principal component， and stepwise regression analyses. Variability in thirteen fruit traits was examined， with the coefficient of variation ranging from 7.80% to 42.94%. Notable variability was observed particularly in traits such as single fruit weight， single fruit seed weight， starch content， soluble sugar content， and soluble protein content. The genetic diversity index across these traits spanned from 1.57 to 2.04， with the seed-form index（2.04）， starch content（2.02）， seed longitudinal diameter（2.01）， and fruit seed number （2.00）displaying higher diversity indices， indicative of a substantial genetic variation. Through cluster analysis， the germplasms were segregated into four groups， with Group II consisting of 15 resources identified as larger fruit-bearing and aesthetically superior， aligning with market preferences and breeding objectives. Correlation analysis showed that seed weight was highly significantly and positively correlated with fruit longitudinal diameter， single fruit weight， single fruit seeds weight， seed longitudinal diameter， and seed transverse diameter， respectively；kernel rate was highly significantly and negatively correlated with fruit transverse diameter； and soluble protein content was highly significantly and positively correlated with soluble sugar content.Principal component analysis elucidated that the primary four components accounted for 74.46% of the total variance in the 13 assessed fruit traits. A comprehensive evaluation yielded a score （F） range from -2.95 to 3.35 for the fruit traits， with germplasms S009， S021， S011， S036， and S028 demonstrating superior comprehensive attributes. Furthermore， stepwise regression analysis delineated four pivotal trait indicators—single fruit seed weight， seed weight， soluble sugar content， and seed transverse diameter—as essential for the holistic assessment of the Sterculia monosperma Vent. fruit traits. These indicators are proposed to guide future conservation strategies and breeding programs for this species. Finally，Through identification and evaluation， six excellent germplasm resources with large fruit， high starch content and rich soluble sugar and soluble protein content were selected.
    QTL Mapping for Grain Traits Based on a High-Density Genetic Map in Rice
    SUN Zhiguang, XU Tingting, LIU Yan, XING Yungao, XU Bo, CHI Ming, LI Jingfang, ZHOU Qun, WANG Derong, ZHANG Yafu, WANG Baoxiang, XU Dayong
    2024,25(7):1129-1139, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231120002
    [Abstract] (47) [HTML] (33) [PDF 1.89 M] (105)
    Abstract:
    Grain traits have a direct impact on the yield and quality of rice. Therefore， understanding the genetic mechanism underlying these traits is crucial for improving rice yield and quality. In this study， Ludao and Guangbaixiangzhan （GBXZ）， which exhibit significant differences in grain traits， were used as parent plants to create a segregating population. Using the 1 K mGPS rice SNP chip， the targeted population was genotyped and a high-density genetic map containing 770 Bin markers was constructed. Through QTL mapping analysis， a total of 17 QTLs related grain traits were detected， including 4 QTLs for grain length， 3 QTLs for grain width， 3 QTLs for grain thickness， 2 QTLs for length-to-width ratio of grain， and 5 QTLs for 1000-grain weight. The phenotypic variation explained by these QTLs ranged from 4.73% to 29.63% with the LOD values ranging from 2.55 to 42.44. Of these 17 QTLs， 9 QTLs were known loci related to grain size， and 8 QTLs might be newly identified. Among the 8 new QTLs， qGL6 was related to grain length， qGW5， qGW10 and qGW12 were related to grain width， qGT10 was related to grain thickness， qGLWR5-2 was related to length-to-width ratio of grain， qTGW10 and qTGW11 were related to 1000-grain weight. Based on the gene annotation， Arabidopsis homologous gene comparison， spatiotemporal expression analysis， hormone response analysis， and sequence analysis of the candidate genes in the definite qGW5 region， a candidate gene Os05g0195101 encoding a CCCH-like zinc-finger protein for regulating rice grain width was finally screened. This study lays the foundation for further cloning of rice grain trait genes and analyzing the genetic regulation of grain traits.
    Analysis of Amylose Content and Allelic Variation of Waxy Gene in Broomcorn Millet Germplasm Resources
    WANG Hongmei, DONG Kongjun, HE Jihong, BAI Bin, LIU Tianpeng, REN Ruiyu, LIU Xinxing
    2024,25(7):1140-1152, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231226004
    [Abstract] (27) [HTML] (21) [PDF 1.95 M] (103)
    Abstract:
    The amylose and amylopectin contents of 100 broomcorn millet germplasm resources were measured， and they were genotyped by molecular markers targeting the Waxy gene， the key factor modulating amylose synthesis. Some representative resources showing different amylose content were sequenced by Sanger approach. The amylose content in the collection ranged from 0 to 22.78%， with an average of 6.07%. 36% of germplasm resources were detected with amylase content less than 3.7%， including 24% detected without amylase. The amylopectin content ranged from 4.55% to 56.73%， with an average of 15.30%. The functional marker M5/R11 was able to effectively distinguish S0， S-15 and S0S-15 genotypes， and PCR products of markers int5Lf/R3 and M12/R12 were digested by endonucleases Acc I and EcoN I， enabling the identification of LC， LY and LF alleles. Nine genotypes at the Waxy locus were found in the collection. The genotype S0/Lc accounted for 33%， and S-15/LF accounted for 25%. The genotypes remained heterozygous （S0S-15/LF， S0S-15/LC and S0S-15/LYLF）， and each of them accounted for 2%. A large number of new SNPs were found among landraces such as Gangu Heichanbei， Black millet， Qingyang Esiniu， as well as the varieties Jinshu 9 and Chimi 2. These SNPs serve a potential in future gene function analysis and innovative breeding in broomcorn millet. Collectively， this study provided theoretical basis for molecular breeding and quality improvement in broomcorn millet.
    Identification of Sex Determination-Related Genes from the Monoecious Kiwifruit Flowers
    WU Linhui, DONG Jiaqi, ZHENG Hao, QIU Dongliang, ZHANG Qiong, ZHONG Caihong
    2024,25(7):1153-1162, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231203001
    [Abstract] (32) [HTML] (23) [PDF 1.45 M] (125)
    Abstract:
    In order to explore the molecular mechanism of the variation of kiwifruit from dioecious to monoecious， transcriptome sequencing， bioinformatics analysis and qRT-PCR verification on female and male flowers of the monoecious mutant of Mantianhong kiwifruit were carried out. The results of transcriptome differential expression gene identification showed that there were 337 differentially expressed genes （DEGs） between female and male flowers， with 241 genes up-regulated and 96 genes down-regulated in male flowers. The GO and KEGG enrichment of DEGs showed that compared with female flowers， the up-regulated genes in male flowers were mainly involved in the metabolism of amino sugars and nucleotide sugars and the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The down-regulated genes were mainly enriched in secondary metabolite synthesis， carotenoid synthesis and other pathways. Through functional annotation analysis， 30 potential gender-related regulatory genes were identified， five of which were expressed in the secondary metabolite synthesis pathway. Seven DEGs were selected for qRT-PCR， and their expression levels in male and female flowers were in accordant with those in transcriptome data. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the creation of kiwifruit monoecious materials.
    Transcriptome Analysis and Key Gene Mining of Sweetpotato under Low Temperature Stress during Storage
    Xiao Shizhuo, Zhang Yi, Dai Xibin, Zhou Zhilin, Sun Jian, Cao Qinghe
    2024,25(7):1163-1174, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20240104002
    [Abstract] (26) [HTML] (21) [PDF 2.67 M] (92)
    Abstract:
    Low temperature stress during storage will greatly reduce the commodity value of sweetpotato. It is of great significance to study the molecular mechanism of cryopreservation tolerance and reduce the influence of low temperature in the storage process of sweetpotato. In this study， ‘Shangshu 19’ （S19）， ‘Yanshu 25’ （Y25） and ‘Sushu 16’ （S16）， three sweetpotato varieties that showed tolerance，intolerance，and moderately tolerant to low temperature storage， were stored at 9 ℃ and 6 ℃ for 35 days， respectively. The total RNA of above tuberous roots were exacted for transcriptome sequencing and comparative analyis，and the results showed that S19 had fewer differentially expressed genes after low temperature storage， while the opposite was observed for Y25， and S16 was intermediate. KEGG and GO analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that the expression level of proteasome related genes was higher in tuberous roots under low temperature stress. Finally， by comparing the transcriptome data of tuberous root of different varieties under different storage temperatures， a candidate gene Ibat.Brg.02F_G010830 that responds to low temperature stress during storage was obtained and it was annotated as cold-responsive protein kinase 1-like. qRT-PCR verified that the expression of this gene was consistent with the transcriptome data. The phylogenetic analysis of this gene and its alleles and orthologs was conducted， as well as the variation of this gene in different varieties. This study will provide support for the resolution of response mechanism under low temperature storage and the selection of varieties with low temperature storage tolerance.
    Transcriptomic Analysis in Morella cerifera Seedlings Root under Simulated Drought Stress in Response to 5-hydroxy-tryptamine
    JIAO Yun, JIA Huimin, FANG Congling, CHAI Chunyan
    2024,25(7):1175-1189, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231105001
    [Abstract] (27) [HTML] (15) [PDF 3.38 M] (98)
    Abstract:
    The plant growth regulator 5-hydroxy-tryptamine （5-HT） has been used in agricultural production to improve crop drought resistance. The underlying molecular mechanisms of its transcriptional response are largely unknown. In this study， the simulated drought stress-related physiological and molecular mechanisms of exogenous 5-HT on Morella cerifera seedlings were elucidated， including transcriptome sequencing and the evaluation of endogenous hormone levels and antioxidant enzyme activity. The results demonstrated that abscisic acid （ABA） and jasmonic acid （JA） content in Morella cerifera fibrous roots significantly increased following 50 μmol/L 5-HT treatments but decreased in 100 μmol/L treatments. Both the malondialdehyde （MDA） content and superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity were significantly increased but hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） content decreased following 50 μmol/L 5-HT treatments. Based on gene set enrichment analysis （GSEA）， two-concentration levels 5-HT treatments were investigated. The differential gene set terms primarily included antioxidant activity， oxidoreductase activity， auxin and gibberellin-mediated signaling， cell wall biosynthetic， phospholipid translocation， xylan biosynthetic， pectin metabolic， secondary metabolite biosynthetic， phenylpropanoid metabolic and galacturonan metabolic process. The differentially expressed genes （DEGs） related to antioxidant enzyme activity and hormone metabolism were mainly PER， LAC， DHAR and PIN. Eight sets of co-expressed gene modules were significantly correlated with 5-HT and drought stress by the weighted gene co-expression network analysis （WGCNA）. The hub genes KAB1218346.1（LOX3）， KAB1219593.1（WRKY53）， KAB1217691.1（CZF1） were primarily associated with hormone metabolism and regulation of transcription. These key genes and their molecular regulatory mechanisms will be important targets for future research.
    Short Communications
    Genetic Diversity Analysis and Screening of Excellent Germplasm of Upland Cotton Resources
    ZHANG Wen, LU Tao, ZENG Qingtao, WANG Zhengyang, YANG Rui, ZHAO Fuqiang
    2024,25(7):1190-1198, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231206003
    [Abstract] (35) [HTML] (30) [PDF 1.51 M] (97)
    Abstract:
    The germplasm resources serve as the fundamental foundation for the original innovation of agricultural science and technology， as well as the advancement of the modern seed industry.Screening excellent germplasm provides a material basis for cultivating excellent cotton varieties. In this study， 13 phenotypic traits of 230 cotton germplasm resources were analyzed using genetic diversity， correlation， principal component and clustering methods. The results show that the variation coefficient of 13 characters between 0.90%-22.43%， the variation coefficient of uniformity index minimum， the maximum variation coefficient of boll number per. The genetic diversity index of each phenotypic trait ranged from 1.92-2.07. The genetic diversity index of micronucleus value was the highest， and the genetic diversity index of boll number per plant was the lowest.The results of principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the six principal components reached 74.413%. The first principal component， the fifth principal component and the sixth principal component could be combined into fiber quality factor， the second principal component and the third principal component could be combined into cotton yield factor， and the fourth principal component was plant trait factor.Cluster analysis divided 230 cotton germplasm materials into three categories， including group Ⅱ is yield and fiber quality traits comprehensive performance better. Finally the evaluation on the basis of comprehensive D value， preliminary screening of 29 performance better cotton varieties， can according to the breeding goals in breeding work carries on the corresponding improvement.
    Transcriptome Analysis of Leaf Abscission Zones Post Ethephon Treatment in Two Lemon Varieties
    DONG Meichao, YIN Tuo, ZHOU Dongguo, ZHANG Hanyao, YANG Fan, WANG Shaohua, LONG Chunrui, FU Xiaomeng, LIU Hongming, GUO Lina, LI Danping, GAO Junyan
    2024,25(7):1199-1210, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231031006
    [Abstract] (37) [HTML] (17) [PDF 2.24 M] (87)
    Abstract:
    'Allen Eureka' is a progeny variety of the variety ‘Eureka lemon’ due to bud mutation. This variety showed excellent performance at fruiting traits， while it was susceptible to winter defoliation， eventually resulting in severe leaf shedding and decreasing the yield production in the coming year. The mechanism of leaf shedding remains unknown. Two lemon cultivars （‘Allen Eureka’ and ‘Yunning No. 1’） with degrees of winter defoliation were used to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms of leaf abscission. The petiole abscission zones were collected at three stages， namely， the pre-defoliation stage （E24）， mid-defoliation stage （E48）， and post-defoliation stage （E72）， and subjected for transcriptome sequencing. The differentially expressed genes （DEGs） between two lemon varieties were identified， revealing a total of 14002466， and 935 DEGs in pre-defoliation stage， mid-defoliation stage， and post-defoliation stage， respectively. The largest number of DEGs was found in mid-defoliation stage. GO enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in the processes of heme binding， tetrapyrrole binding， oxidoreductase activity， iron ion binding， transcription regulator activity and response to oxidative stress， cellular glucan metabolic process， glucan metabolic process， cell periphery， cell wall in the defoliation stages. KEGG analysis showed that the DEGs were concentrated in mid-defoliation stage and involved in plant hormone signal transduction， phenylpropanoid biosynthesis， plant-pathogen interaction， and MAPK signaling pathway. By analyzing the genes with significant differential expression of the four pathways， 13 genes including xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein， indoleacetic acid-induced protein， indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase， peroxidase， β-glucosidase， pathogenesis-related genes transcriptional activator AP2 and pathogenesis-related protein were selected.They might be associated with the regulation of lemon leaf abscission. qRT-PCR verified that the expression of these genes was consistent with the transcriptomic data. This study raised new insights in deciphering the lemon leaf abscission， as well as provided reliable data to identify lemon defoliation candidate genes and uncover the analysis of leaf shedding pathways.
    GERMPLASM INNOVATION
    Generating Low Cadmium Accumulation New Rice Germplasms by Editing OsNramp5 using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology
    HU Binhua, PU Zhigang, HE Zhiyuan, WANG Ping, BAI Yulu, LI Gengmi, ZHANG Tao, JIANG Kaifeng, YANG Li
    2024,25(7):1211-1219, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231123002
    [Abstract] (35) [HTML] (19) [PDF 1.33 M] (73)
    Abstract:
    The problem of excessive cadmium in rice grains seriously threatens human health. Disrupting the function of the cadmium transport gene OsNramp5 in rice can effectively reduce cadmium accumulation in rice. To rapidly create new rice germplasm with low cadmium accumulation， this study used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to knock out the cadmium transport gene OsNramp5 in the high-quality disease-resistant restorer line Chuanhui491 （R491） of three-line hybrid rice. Various edited plants with different mutations were obtained， and two homozygous mutant lines （KO1 and KO2） with single-target mutations without transgenic elements were selected. Compared with wild-type R491， the cadmium content of brown rice in knockout lines KO1 and KO2 were significantly reduced by about 90% when planted in cadmium-polluted soil fields. Agronomic trait investigation revealed no significant difference between the KO1 plants and wild-type R491， whereas the plant height， seed setting rate， and 1000-grain weight of KO2 mutant lines were significantly reduced. Therefore， knocking out the cadmium transporter gene OsNramp5 by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology can quickly create new rice germplasm with low cadmium accumulation. The new germplasm created in this study provides novel genetic resources for accelerating the breeding of safe rice varieties that can be planted in the cadmium-polluted field.
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    Ecological suitability of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis in China under the situation of climate change
    余红娅, 刘光华, LV De-fang, YUAN Li-ping, HU Yan-fang, 徐福荣
    Available online:  July 18, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (6) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (40)
    Abstract:
    The impact of climate change on the ecological suitability of species is a crucial concern for biodiversity conservation for biodiversity conservation. This study employed a combination of 128 reliable distribution records of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis in China and 32 bioclimatic variables, utilizing the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software. Through screening, we aimed to investigate the primary ecological factors that influence the distribution of ecological suitability for this species. Furthermore, we have made projections regarding the spatial distribution pattern of potential suitable areas and the trajectory of centroid displacement during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the Middle Holocene (MH), the present, and future periods (2050s, 2070s) under three distinct greenhouse gas emission scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5). The findings indicate that the MaxEnt model exhibited a remarkable level of precision in its predictions, as evidenced by a mean AUC value of 0.951 across all time periods. Notably, the geographical distribution of the studied entity was primarily influenced by several significant bioclimatic factors, namely precipitation annually (bio12), seasonality of temperature (bio4), warmest quarter precipitation (bio18), and elevation (elev). Since the Last Glacial Maximum, the potential zones of high and medium habitability for P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis have experienced a reduction in size. Notably, the high habitability zone has undergone a more pronounced shrinkage, particularly under the projected scenario of high greenhouse gas emissions in the future. In this scenario, the area of shrinkage reaches a maximum of 16.86×104 km2, primarily concentrated in the northeastern region of Sichuan Province. Simultaneously, the analysis of centroids revealed a tendency for the distribution of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis to shift towards latitudes and altitudes of greater magnitude in response to climate change scenarios. The findings of this investigation suggest that global warming contributes to the contraction of areas highly conducive for P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Consequently, the outcomes of this study furnish a theoretical framework for the judicious utilization of wild resources pertaining to P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.
    Genetic Diversity and Fingerprint Analysis of 60 Pepper Founder Parents Based on SSR Markers
    LEI Gang, CHEN Xue-jun, ZHOU Kun-hua, HUANG Yue-qin, YUAN Xin-jie, LI Ge-ge, FANG Yu, FANG Rong
    Available online:  June 28, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20230830002
    [Abstract] (22) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.71 M] (66)
    Abstract:
    In order to analyze the genetic diversity of the founder parents of pepper breeding in Jiangxi Province and construct their DNA fingerprints, capillary electrophoresis and SSR molecular marker techniques were used to detect the loci of 60 pepper germplasm resources in Jiangxi Province. The results showed that a total of 202 alleles were detected by using 49 pairs of SSR primers, with an average of 4.122 alleles per pair of primers and an average of 2.172 effective alleles. The average Shannon’s information index was 0.850, and the average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.414, indicating that the tested materials had abundant genetic diversity. The average expected heterozygosity of 0.475 was greater than the observed heterozygosity of 0.126, indicating that the homozygosity of the tested materials was rather high due to continuous multi-generation selfing. The genetic distance clustering, population structure analysis and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) were used to classify the tested materials, and 60 germplasms were divided into 3 groups, 2 subgroups and 3 sets, respectively. The results of the three classifications had good consistency, which supported that the parent materials of pepper breeding in Jiangxi province were mainly from the southern China region and small fruit type pepper materials, with narrow genetic background and relatively pure blood relationship. In addition, PM1, CAMS-855, CO911525S, PM22, HpmsE015 and Hpms1214 were identified as the core primers based on multi-locus matching analysis. Meanwhile, the DNA fingerprints of 60 pepper germplasms were constructed by using the selected 6 core primers. This study provides a reliable basis for the identification and protection of pepper resources, and for the selection of parents in molecular assisted breeding.
    Identification and Expression Analysis of Chitinase Genes in Wild and Cultivated Soybeans
    Zhang Hua, Li Na, Xing Xinzhu, Shao Zhenqi, Li xihuan, Zhang Caiying
    Available online:  January 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231125001
    [Abstract] (75) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.15 M] (665)
    Abstract:
    Chitinase is a kind of glycosyl hydrolases (GH) which hydrolyzes the chitin, chitosan and other polymers. Chitinase plays an important function in the plant growth and development, as well as in the resistant process to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the tissue expression patterns and responses to diverse stresses of chitinase genes in soybean are still unclear, which limited its application in genetic improvement. In view of this, the chitinase family genes were identified in the wild soybean (Glycine soja) and cultivated soybean (Glycine max), and the expression patterns were analyzed in the present study. The results showed that 62 and 55 Chitinase is a kind of glycosyl hydrolases (GH) which hydrolyzes the chitin, chitosan and other polymers. Chitinase plays an important function in the plant growth and development, as well as in the resistant process to diverse stresses. However, the tissue expression patterns and responses to diverse stresses of chitinase genes in soybean are still unclear, which limited its application in genetic improvement. In view of this, the chitinase family genes were identified in the wild soybean (Glycine soja) and cultivated soybean (Glycine max), and the expression patterns were analyzed in the present study. The results showed that 62 and 55 chitinase genes were identified in the wild and cultivated soybeans, which located on 17 and 18 chromosomes, respectively. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the chitinase genes were divided into five categories, with Class III and Class V belonging to the GH18 subfamily, while Class I, Class II and Class IV belonging to the GH19 subfamily. Further analysis found many cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of chitinase genes responding to various plant hormones and stresses. Further gene expression analyses in cultivated soybean showed that the chitinase genes presented differential expressions in different tissues and under different stress conditions, reflecting the function diversity of chitinase genes in soybean. Among these genes, Glyma.01G142400 and Glyma.13G346700 were strongly induced in the leaves of resistant variety after soybean mosaic virus inoculation, Glyma.03G254300 and Glyma.20G164600 were induced in soybean roots after low phosphorus treatment, and Glyma.08G259200 and Glyma.19G245400 were induced in soybean nodules under low phosphorus condition. Gene expression analyses in wild soybean showed that the chitinase genes presented differential expressions in different tissues and after salt stress, among which Glysoja.02G002604 and Glysoja.02G002940 were highly induced in the leaves of tolerant variety after salt treatment. These results provide important references for further utilizing the chitinase genes in soybean genetic improvement.
    Analysis of Yellow Seed 2 Gene in Sorghum Yellow Grain
    Zhixin Gao, gangshaung, LI Jin-hong
    Available online:  July 22, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (9) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.44 M] (35)
    Abstract:
    Sorghum plays an important role in the adjustment of agricultural structure and brewing industry in China, and grain color is one of the important traits, but there are not many studies on sorghum grain color. This study observed the entire development of GLB41 sorghum grains, with a rapid growth period from 1 day to 16 days, and a slow expansion period from 17 days to 24 days. In the beginning of day 25, the green gradually faded, and the grain color gradually changed from milk white or pale white to pale yellow. Subsequently, the color was deepened after 40 days. The population and resequencing BSA method was also constructed using the yellow grain GLB41 and the white grain 6E16. Genes controlling yellow grain traits were primarily mapped in the 15.6 Mb interval of Chromosome 1. We used 3215 isolated individuals to map the gene between the two markers, BR13 and P2, and seven candidate genes in the interval were found. Analysis of the functional annotation of these genes were performed and the results showed that three base insertions of the Yellow Seed 2 (Sobic.001G397900 in the 619 bp-621 bp positions of GLB41 and 6E16) led a leucine (L) insertion. And a C to G mutation at 819 bp caused a cysteine (C) to trytophan (W). But there was no amino acids changes in a C to T mutation at 912 bp. Therefore, it is supposed that Yellow Seed 2 may participate in the formation of grain color in these two parental accessions. Our study provides new genes for the color traits of sorghum grain.
    Research status on cold tolerance in rice and biotechnological breeding strategies for cold-tolerant early Geng / japonica in Heilongjiang
    张文雨, 雷远宝, 张云江, 郭震华, 刘乃生, 马文东, 邱先进, 郑天清, 徐建龙
    Available online:  July 19, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (26) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.13 M] (30)
    Abstract:
    Heilongjiang is an important base of commercial rice production in China. However, low temperature stress is one of the key thresholds for its rice production. When reviewing the identification methods and genetic researches of rice cold tolerance, the authors analyzed the cold tolerance characteristics of Heilongjiang rice cultivars released in the past about 20 years (2006-2023), and found that with the "blowout" of approved cultivars in recent 5 years, the cold tolerances are going down. Secondly, through the comparative mapping based on reference genome, it was found that the cold tolerances at the seedling stage and the reproductive stage (including booting, flowering, and maturing stages) are mostly controlled by independent loci or chromosomal regions, and the proportion of genetic overlap (including both pleiotropic loci and linked regions) accounted for about 21%. Among the identified gene responsible for cold tolerances, the negative regulatory genes accounted for about 20%. For current breeding application, the above-mentioned genetic overlap loci / regions and negative regulatory genes are useful in improving the breeding efficiency. On this basis, the authors put forward specific suggestions on strategies for the biotechnological breeding on improving the cold tolerances of early Geng / japonica rice for Heilongjiang.
    Full-length Transcriptome Analysis of Bulbs of Polianthes tuberose
    JIANG Fuxing, 吴菁熙, ZHOU Peng, HUANG Yuanxiang, SUN Dajiang, 高平, LI Xi
    Available online:  July 19, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (16) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (36)
    Abstract:
    Polianthes tuberose is a perennial bulbous flower of the Amaryllidaceae family. It is a famous fragrant flower plant with high ornamental, economic and medicinal values. Bulbs are their main reproductive and medicinal organs. In order to further explore its growth and development mechanism and secondary metabolic pathways, we use the high-throughput sequencing PacBio Sequel platform to make use of its bulbs as materials, The single molecule long reading sequencing technology SMART was used to sequence and analyze the full-length Transcriptome of Agave amica bulbs for three generations. The platform obtained a total of 508012 high-quality CCS reads and 402032 full-length non chimeric sequences (FLNC), and clustered the full-length non chimeric sequences to obtain a total of 137215 high-quality consistent sequences. After quality control and redundancy removal, a total of 81719 transcripts (Unigene) and 36215 complete CDS regions were obtained. All transcripts obtained were annotated and functionally classified through databases such as NR, SwissProt, KOG, KEGG, GO, etc. A total of 64362 single genes were annotated, The maximum number of NR annotations is 63538, accounting for 98.72%.
    Construction of core collection of tartary buckwheat based on phenotypic and quality traits
    MA Mingchuan, LIU Zhang, ZHANG Lijun, LIU Longlong
    Available online:  July 16, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (10) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (24)
    Abstract:
    In this study, the data of 22 phenotypic traits and 3 quality traits of 708 Tartary buckwheat resources were used to construct the core collection of Tartary buckwheat germplasm..By comparing merits of four different combination strategies including the genetic distance, sampling method, sampling proportion and clustering method, the‘euclidean distance + multiple cluster deviation sampling + 20% sampling proportion + maximum distance method’was determined as the optimal sampling strategy of Tartary buckwheat core collection and the core collection containing 141 Tartary buckwheat resources was constructed. The mean difference percentage, variance difference percentage, range coincidence rate and variation coefficient change rate of core collection and original collection were 0,84% , 97.6% and 115.42% , respectively. Finally, the phenotypic and quality traits of the core collection were compared with the original germplasm.. The core collection germplasm was proved to represent the genetic diversity of the original germplasm. which might be useful in collection, preservation and effective utilization of tartary buckwheat germplasm resources.
    Genome-wide Association Analysis And Candidate Genes Screening For Zn Content In Rice Seeds
    liuyang, 杜怀东, 孙志勇, 于雪然, 李培富
    Available online:  July 15, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (15) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (39)
    Abstract:
    By mining QTL significantly associated with zinc content in rice grains, combined with gene function annotation, haplotype and grain relative expression analysis at grain filling stage, candidate genes related to zinc content in rice grains were screened. In this study, 139 core germplasm resources of early japonica rice in Northwest China were used as experimental materials. Combined with 1800920 high-confidence SNPs obtained by resequencing, genome-wide association analysis was performed based on the general linear model (GLM). The candidate genes in the significant QTL interval were functionally annotated, and the further screened genes were analyzed for haplotypes and relative expression levels at grain filling stage, in order to screen out candidate genes and dominant haplotypes related to grain zinc content. The results showed that there were abundant phenotypic variations in grain zinc content of 139 rice accessions, which were in accordance with normal distribution. Through genome-wide association analysis of zinc content in rice grains, a total of 12 significant SNPs were associated, which were distributed on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 10 and 11. Combined with the gene function annotation in the candidate interval, it was speculated that OsFRDL2 located in the vesicle may be related to the enrichment of zinc in rice grains. Through the analysis of haplotype and grain relative expression at filling stage, it was found that OsFRDL2 was relatively highly expressed in the dominant haplotype Hap5. Therefore, it is speculated that OsFRDL2 may be related to the enrichment of zinc in rice grains. The results provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the mechanism of zinc enrichment in rice grains and developing molecular markers of zinc-rich rice, and provide genetic resources for cultivating zinc-rich rice.
    Advances in Research Medicinal and Edible Homologous Plant of Oenanthe javanica
    TAN Guo-Fei
    Available online:  July 12, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (20) [HTML] (0) [PDF 894.82 K] (46)
    Abstract:
    Oenanthe javanica（Bl.）DC. is a perennial aquatic vegetable plant in Oenanthe L.of Umbelliferae. It is also a kind of medicine and food homologous vegetable with health function for it’s rich in nutrientscomposition and a variety of functional bioactive ingredients. There are abundant germplasm resources of O. javanica, which its utilization involves edible, medicinal, sewage purification, extraction and processing and other aspects. But there are few researches on breeding and its molecular mechanism. The thesis summarized the research progress in the past 20 years on research of germplasm resources, cultivation and processing, breeding, genes and omics of O. javanica. This review mainly introduces: (1) classification of Umbelliferae and germplasm resources of O. javanica; (2) study on cultivation, production, physiology, biochemistry and secondary metabolites of O. javanica; and (3) studieson gene function and omics, which conclude genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics. This review would like to provided a theoretical basic for further research, which in resource innovation and protection, genetic breeding, processing and environmental governance of O. javanica in China.
    Transcriptome Analysis of watermelon Netted stripe Mutant
    杜慧莹
    Available online:  July 12, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (14) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.35 M] (49)
    Abstract:
    The striping of watermelon rind is a significant commercial and horticultural trait. Despite previous studies on the genetic localization of genes responsible for rind striping, the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of watermelon rind stripes and reticulate patterns remain unclear. This study utilizes striped inbred line watermelons and reticulate pattern mutant watermelons as materials. Through an analysis of striping traits in the isolated population, we determine that the reticulate pattern in mutant watermelons is controlled by a single gene, with the striped pattern exhibiting dominance over the reticulate pattern. Employing transcriptome sequencing and differential analysis, we investigate the expression spectrum changes in reticulate pattern mutant watermelons at different developmental stages. We identify 57 genes that are significantly differentially expressed between striped and reticulate pattern watermelons, primarily enriched in seven pathways, including photosynthetic antenna proteins, alkaloid biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism. Conducting weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we further identify core genes and explore changes in biotic stress resistance-related genes in striped mutant watermelons. Five core genes related to the determination of watermelon reticulate pattern traits are uncovered: ClGS, cysteine proteinase inhibitor 5 encoding gene, UDP-glucose glycosyltransferase encoding gene, tropane alkaloid synthase encoding gene, and chlorophyll a-b binding protein encoding gene. Real-time fluorescence quantification results demonstrate significant differential expression of these genes between striped inbred line watermelons and reticulate pattern mutant watermelons. This study contributes new germplasm resources for watermelon breeding with diverse stripes and establishes a theoretical foundation for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism governing different stripe traits in watermelon.
    Evaluation on Main Biological Characters of host-plant Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum of Cistanche deserticola
    pangqingyun, maqingwen
    Available online:  May 06, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231023003
    [Abstract] (54) [HTML] (0) [PDF 919.53 K] (579)
    Abstract:
    Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum, belonging to the family Amaranthaceae, genus Haloxylon Bunge, serve as host plants for Cistanche deserticola. They are widely distributed in the arid zones of China. In this study, biological characteristics and agronomic traits of H. ammodendron and H. persicum were mainly compared by field observation and molecular identification. The results showed that there were significant differences in phenotypic characters, pollen structure and agronomic traits between H. ammodendron and H. persicum. Notably, the fruit wing length and assimilation branch length were significantly lower in H. ammodendron than compared to H. persicum. The pollen volume and surface particle structure of H. ammodendron were significantly smaller than those of H. persicum. Additionally, the pollen net of H. ammodendron exhibited a deep structure, while it was shallow and most of it protruding outwards in H. persicum pollens. The correlational analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the agronomic indexes of both H. ammodendron and H. persicum and climate factors such as temperature and humidity. Water and light are the primary limiting factors for the geographic distribution H. persicum in Junggar Basin of Xinjiang, while environmental adaptations of H. ammodendron were found to be stronger. H. ammodendron and H. persicum can be effectively identified by ITS barcode, and both of them can be parasitized by C. deserticola. However, the survival rate of C. deserticola were different. According to their biological characteristics, cultivating H. ammodendron is deemed suitable for the production of cistanches herba. This study provides a scientific basis for the identification and conservation of Haloxylon, as well as the selection of optimal hosts for C. deserticola.
    Preharvest Sprouting Resistance Test and Functional Markers Assisted Genotyping in Wheat Germplasm Resources
    gongchengru, yuanyuhao, 刘胜利, shenqinghua, gaoyan, liqiaoyun
    Available online:  February 02, 2024 , DOI:
    [Abstract] (91) [HTML] (0) [PDF 821.89 K] (550)
    Abstract:
    In order to identify the pre-harvest sprouting resistance of wheat germplasm resources, effective molecular markers for pre-harvest sprouting resistance were screened and excellent white grain wheat germplasm resources for pre-harvest sprouting resistance were excavated. In this study, pre-harvest sprouting resistance of 222 wheat germplasm resources was identified by whole-pre-harvest sprouting test in laboratory, and the functional molecular markers of 8 anti-pre-harvest sprouting genes, including myb10D, DFR-B, Vp1B3, PM19-A1, MFT-3A, MFT-A2, MKK3-A, QSD1, were used to detect the genotypes of the tested materials. Phenotypic identification results showed that there were significant differences in the indoor relative pre-harvest sprouting rate of 222 wheat germplasm resources. The relative pre-harvest sprouting rate ranged from 0.00 to 1.15, and the average relative pre-harvest sprouting rate was 0.73. 38 wheat were identified as resistant to pre-harvest sprouting, including 9 white wheat, 27 red wheat and 2 black wheat. Correlation analysis between allele types and relative pre-harvest sprouting rate showed that functional markers myb10D, DFR-B, Vp1B3, MFT-3A and MFT-A2 were significantly correlated with relative pre-harvest sprouting rate, while PM19-A1, MKK3-A and QSD1 were not significantly correlated with sprout resistance. These results indicated that molecular markers myb10D, DFR-B, Vp1B3, MFT-3A and MFT-A2 could be used for detection of pre-harvest sprouting resistance and marker-assisted breeding. Based on the results of phenotypic and genotype detection, nine white wheat germplasm resources with pre-harvest sprouting resistance were selected, including Yunong 914, Yunong 946, FengDecunmai 30, Fanmai 5, Xumai 029, Lianmai 1901, Baofeng 1903, Zhengmai 829 and 13wang27-8, which could be used for genetic breeding and variety layout of wheat pre-harvest sprouting resistance.
    Study on the Effect of Tomato Glycosyltransferase Gene SlUDP in Improving Cadmium Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana L.
    Meiyu Zhang, Yufang Ma, Yufang Luo, Xinxin Geng, Jing Guo, Xinxin Zhang, Chao Chen, Xiaoxia Jin
    Available online:  February 02, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231023002
    [Abstract] (61) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.75 M] (534)
    Abstract:
    Cadmium (Cd) stress severely limits plant growth, so it is particularly important to screen and identify genes related to cadmium tolerance in plants. In the early stage, we screened the transcriptome data to obtain tomato UDP-glycosyltransferase gene (SlUDP), which responds to cadmium stress in plants. In this study, we first cloned the full-length sequence of the coding region of SlUDP gene. Gene expression analysis showed that SlUDP was highly expressed in leaves and fruits, and its expression was up-regulated by cadmium stress. Yeast genetic transformation test showed that yeast strains containing INVSc1-pYES2-SlUDP showed certain tolerance under different concentrations of cadmium stress. SlUDP overexpression vector transformation model plant Arabidopsis Thaliana was constructed and overexpression Arabidopsis strain was obtained. When SlUDP overexpression occurs in Arabidopsis plants exposed to cadmium stress (40, 60, 80 μM) When used, its survival rate is>50%, while the survival rate of wild Arabidopsis is is<10%. At 60 μM CdCl2, compared with wild-type plants, the malondialdehyde content of SlUDP -overexpressed Arabidopsis plants decreased by about 1.4 times, and the soluble sugar content, superoxide dismutase activity and peroxidase activity increased by about 1.8, 2, 1.25 times. These results indicated that overexpression of SlUDP led to changes in the antioxidant enzyme system, increased the ability of plant to remove reactive oxygen species, reduced the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation, and gave plants better cadmium tolerance. In addition, the expression levels of metal ion transport-related genes (ZIP1, IRT1, COPT2 and CSD1) in overexpressed plants were 3.1, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1 times than those in wild type plants. These results suggest that tomato SlUDP gene may enhance plant tolerance to cadmium stress through active oxygen scavenging system and metal ion transport pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for the study of the role of glycosyltransferase gene in plant tolerance to cadmium stress, and provides candidate genes for molecular breeding of horticultural plant resistance.
    Evaluation of Wheat Pre-Harvest Sprouting Resistant Germplasm Resources and Their Preliminary application
    PAN Li-yuan, WANG Yong-jun, LI Hai-jun, HOU Fu, LI Jing, LI Li-li, SUN Su-yang
    Available online:  January 26, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231106003
    [Abstract] (76) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.56 M] (584)
    Abstract:
    Wheat pre-harvest sprouting reduces yield and flour quality significantly. It has been gradually aggravated in the Huanghuai region in recent times, jeopardizing the safety of wheat production in China, particularly in the Huanghuai region. Screening for pre-harvest sprouting resistant germplasm and available functional molecular markers is key to accelerating pre-harvest sprouting resistant breeding and mitigating its damage. In this study, 77 pre-harvest sprouting resistant germplasm identified naturally over many years and 128 advanced lines created from a rotational population introduced with five resistant germplasms were used as materials for pre-harvest sprouting resistance identification and evaluation by the whole-split germination and seed germination methods, as well as for identifying the distributions of the functional markers of spike germination, Vp1B3, Dorm-B1, and PM19, in the germplasm and evaluating the breeding effect of these markers. The results showed that 49.35% (38 out of 77) of germplasm resources reached the level of intermediate resistance, and 57.90% of them contained functional markers of Vp1Ba and/or Dorm-B1b for resistance, the germplasm resources of Xinong 172, Kalango, Huaimai 40 and Yunong 186 contained both of functional markers. Dwarf failing rotation selection had a high efficiency in improving resistance, with 36.72% (47) of the advanced lines achieved above intermediate resistance, of which 87.23% contained resistance loci and 8 (17.02%) contained two functional loci. The accumulation of resistance loci can enhance the level of resistance. In natural populations, the whole-split germination and seed germination decreased from 36.45% and 34.99%, respectively, in non-resistant individuals to 18.17 % and 25.87 % in individuals with two resistance loci The same pattern has been observed in advanced lines. There was a significant difference in the number of resistant loci between advanced materials and others, with a rate of 17.02 % for those with two markers compared to only 4.94 % for others indicating that using functional markers can significantly improve resistance. In this study, molecular markers and phenotypic characterization were combined for spike germination resistance germplasm screening, and germplasm innovation was carried out by using dwarf failing rotation selection, which provided a basis for accelerating the improvement of spike germination resistance level of wheat in the Yellow and Huaihai wheat areas.
    Fruit Phenotypic Traits Diversity Analysis and Kernel-using Germplasm Evaluation of Jujube Natural Population in Inner Mongolia
    LU Min, SHI Pengfei, LIU Xuefeng, YAN Ting, HAI Long, ZHANG Hongwu, BO Wenhao, WANG Liying
    Available online:  January 19, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231109001
    [Abstract] (58) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1016.87 K] (542)
    Abstract:
    To understand the variation characteristics of fruit phenotype of jujube resources in Inner Mongolia, and reasonably select excellent resources, statistical analysis, variance analysis and correlation analysis were used to compare and analyze the 10 jujube natural populations in this study. And their kernel-using value was comprehensively evaluated by hierarchical grey relational method. The results showed: (1) The jujube resources were rich in genetic variation of fruit characters among and within populations. The average coefficient of 16 fruit traits was 17.96%, while kernel-related traits were particularly high abundance. (2) Correlation analysis showed that there were different degrees of correlation between the fruit、stone and kernel. Furthermore, fruit and kernel size have significant positive correlation with longitude and latitude, but significant negative correlation with altitude. The single kernel content rate was significant negative correlation with the mean annual temperature. The effective medicinal components of kernel had no significant correlation with latitude、altitude、longitude and average annual rainfall. (3) The comprehensive evaluation model of jujube kernel-using value was established by hierarchy-gray correlation method. The evaluation results showed that the comprehensive quality for kernel-using from 10 jujube natural populations was: P8＞P5＞P1＞P7＞P2＞P9＞P4＞P3＞P6＞P10. Among which, the population from Hangjinqi-Wujier of Erdos have obvious advantages compared with other populations. This study provides a scientific basis for the protection and utilization of jujube resources, and provides germplasm basis for the breeding of kernel varieties.
    Characterizations of Transcriptional and Haplotypic Variations of SiGI in Foxtail Millet
    yaoqi, 智慧, 袁迪, 张彬, 贾冠清
    Available online:  January 19, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231130001
    [Abstract] (68) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.94 M] (625)
    Abstract:
    The heading date of foxtail millet is a key trait that determined the adaptability of varieties, and dissection of the transcriptional pattern and haplotype variations of key genes are important for promoting cultivars improvement. In this research, SiGI was identified by genome-wide association study (GWAS), which is a key regulator responsible for foxtail millet flowering. The expression profile of SiGI was analyzed, as well as subcellular localization of SiGI was performed by using protoplasts. The 24-hour rhythm expression pattern analysis of SiGI was performed by qRT-PCR under short-day (10 h light/14 h dark) conditions. Genetic and haplotypes diversity of SiGI coding and promoter regions were analyzed by using representative 697 millet varieties, and haplotype morphological effects of SiGI was also summarized. As a result, a significant correlation signal was identified at 11,062,649 bp on chromosome 5, which is closely related to heading date. SiGI was found near this locus, whose homologue is AtGI. SiGI was highly expressed in photoperiod-responsive tissues (roots, stems, leaves, etc.), and subcellular localization was located in the nucleus, and the expression level was up-regulated in the evening, showing a 24-hour rhythmic expression pattern. SiGI exhibits rich polymorphism in different foxtail millet varieties, and the relative expression of promoter haplotype Hp-6 was significantly upregulation by approximately 1.5-flod compared to Hp-3 (P=0.0083). Heading date of Hp-6 containing varieties were significantly earlier than other haplotypes under 8 environments, and the plant height of Hp-6 containing varieties were significantly reduced under 4 environments. SiGI haplotype Hp-6 has no obvious impact on yield, and can be used as the main haplotype for molecular breeding selection.
    Genome Identification and Expression Analysis of ARR-B Transcription Factors Family in Wheat
    Wang Chang-biao, Yin Yu-rong, Cheng Ze, Ren Yong-kang, Niu Yu-qi, Liu jiang, Han Bin, Yang Sheng, Tang Chao-hui
    Available online:  January 19, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231117001
    [Abstract] (157) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.16 M] (637)
    Abstract:
    The ARR-B gene family is a positive regulator of cytokinin signal transduction and plays an important role in plant growth and development and resistance to abiotic stress. However, there are few studies on the ARR-B gene family in wheat. In this study, 25 ARR-B gene family members were identified from wheat genome, and their physicochemical properties, gene structure, cis-acting elements and abiotic stress-induced expression patterns were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. The results showed that all ARR-B genes exist in the nucleus, and the secondary structure of ARR-B protein is mainly α-helix and random crimp. ARR-B genes were not evenly distributed on wheat chromosomes, and the number of ARR-B genes was the highest on chromosome 7. In addition, multiple cis-acting regulatory elements related to growth and development, hormone response, and biological and abiotic stress have been identified in the promoter region of ARR-B. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the relative expression of TaARRM-like9、TaARRM-like10、TaARRM-like12 and TaARRM-like13 were significantly up-regulated under drought、salt and low temperature stress, which could respond to abiotic stress. This study laid a foundation for further research on the role of ARR-B transcription factor in plant development and wheat abiotic stress response.
    Study on fruit characteristics of apricot resources in Pamir Plateau of Xinjiang
    丁杰, 郭玲
    Available online:  January 19, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231106002
    [Abstract] (42) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.27 M] (563)
    Abstract:
    The characters of the pulp, seed core and sweet and bitter seed kernel of apricot from Pamir Plateau of Xinjiang were studied. Based on 60 fruits of seedling?breeding?were collected from 6 villages in the distribution area in Tashkorgan, 15 quality traits and 20 quantitative traits of fruit and seed core were determined, and their characteristics were identified by correlation analysis, principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the average soluble solid content of apricot fruit was 16.07%, among which 61.67% fruit soluble solid content was above 15%. The content of amygdalin in 60 samples ranged from 0.41 to 14.59 mg/g, among which 78.33% seed kernel was sweet kernel and amygdalin content ranged from 0.41 to 2.24 mg/g. 21.67% of seed kernel was bitter kernel, and the amygdalin content was between 2.76 and 14.59 mg/g. The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components was 83.255%, reflecting the basic information of these 20 quantitative traits could be reflected by single fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, single stone weight, stone-form index, fruit-form index, single stone weight, kernel rate, stone rate and stone thickness. And the comprehensive evaluation found that ''Kuke 9'', ''Kuke 13'', ''Kuer 11'' and ''Qiru 16'' were superior and could be used directly. Among them, higher total soluble solid and sweet kernel of fruit are important target traits for human domestication and introduction.
    Genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic traits of 143 Agropyron cristatum ( L.) Gaertn. germplasm resources in Inner Mongolia
    李 鸿 雁, li yuexuan, li jun
    Available online:  January 19, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231109006
    [Abstract] (44) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.23 M] (585)
    Abstract:
    A total of 143 (Agropyron cristatum ( L.) Gaertn.) germplasm resources from 10 cities and regions in Inner Mongolia were studied.Through the analysis methods of coefficient of variation, genetic diversity index, correlation, principal component, clustering and grey correlation,The diversity level of phenotypic traits of 143 samples of Agropyron cristatum ( L.) Gaertn. germplasm resources in Inner Mongolia was analyzed, and excellent germplasm resources were screened, which provided reference for germplasm resource innovation and variety breeding of Agropyron cristatum ( L.) Gaertn.The results showed that the 17 phenotypic traits of the species had great variation and rich genetic diversity. The coefficient of variation ranged from 93.92% to 11.47%, with an average of 42.80%. The coefficient of variation of leaf width was the highest, and the dispersion of seed length was the lowest. The genetic diversity index (H") ranged from 1.279 to 2.025, with an average of 1.72. The diversity index of glume length was the highest, and lowest for spikelet length.Correlation analysis shows significant or extremely significant correlations between various traits.Principal component analysis showed that the contribution rate of the first six principal component factors was 5.934% ~ 20.885%, and the cumulative contribution rate was 69.866%.The 143 germplasm were divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis, and the characters of each group were different and the characteristics were prominent. Class I had the best comprehensive traits, with prominent spikelet number and floret number, and had high yield potential, including 27 resources. The second type, containing 23 resources, had general traits and higher seed traits. The third type was poor in general character and long in plant height, containing 93 resources. Agropyron cristatum ( L.) Gaertn. species have abundant phenotypic genetic diversity.It is feasible to use the grey correlation method to comprehensively evaluate the germplasm of Agropyron cristatum ( L.) Gaertn. The comprehensive performance of the species of Agropyron cristatum ( L.) Gaertn. could be quantified, and the 1000-grain weight, spikelet number, Leaf tongue length, leaf width and leaf area were used as germplasm evaluation indexes.Selected excellent germplasm with coordinated comprehensive traits such as A-24, A-23, A-25, A-22, A-35, A-43, A-18 A.cristatum materials, and A-142, A-92, and A-136 A.cristatum var.pluriflorum materials, which can be used for genetic improvement and breeding of ice grass germplasm.
    Transcriptomics of Glucose Metabolism in Quinoa Seeds under Drought Stress
    Chun Mei Wang, WANG Mei, WANG Hongxia, LU Chuan, WANG Xiaoxia, WEI Boxiang, LV Wei, MU Guojun
    Available online:  January 19, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231109002
    [Abstract] (83) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.03 M] (597)
    Abstract:
    Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has rich nutritional value and strong adversity resistance. In this study, two germplasm materials, "M059" and "M024", showing with fast and slow radicle growth, were treated by PEG-6000 hypertonic solution method to simulate drought stress, and comprison groups of C1vsD1, C2vsD2, C1vsC2, and D1vsD2 were adopted for RNA-seq analysis. The radicle length of M059 and M024 decreased by 68.65% and 71.43% respectively under 15% PEG treatment for 24h compared with water treatment for 24h. The contents of total soluble sugar, sucrose, glucose and fructose in M059 were 18.58%, 97.84%, 70.54% and 32.77% higher than those in M024 under water treatment for 24 h. The content of sucrose in M024 was 23.01% higher than that of M059 under 15% PEG treatment for 24h. The contents of total soluble sugar and glucose in M059 were 7.26% and 25.00% higher than those in M024, respectively, under 15% PEG treatment for 24h. Transcriptome sequencing results showed that 7042 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained under drought stress treatment. Venn analysis showed that there were a total of 211 commonable DEGs and 132, 1270, 578 and 914 unique DEGs in the four comparison groups. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that five GO Terms and three pathways were closely related to the molecular response of glucose metabolism in quinoa seeds under drought stress. The qRT-PCR results of the 10 key candidate genes (LOC110702784_AGAL2、LOC110719866_INV1、LOC110717843_TPPJ、 LOC29490_CELB、LOC110719843_bg1x、LOC110689796_SUS1、LOC110690728_MAN6、LOC110729879_HK2、LOC110712726_EGLC、 LOC110734349_FK7) were expressed consistent with that of the transcriptome results. The results of this study will provide reference for further analysis of the molecular regulatory mechanism under drought stress in quinoa.
    Salt tolerance evaluation of sunflower germplasm resources
    LI Yu-xiao, WANG Lei&, WANG Wei, LI Jun, WU Xie-rui, ZHU Zi-rong, WANG Lin, WU Jia-jun, TAN Mei-lian
    Available online:  January 15, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231130002
    [Abstract] (76) [HTML] (0) [PDF 2.20 M] (579)
    Abstract:
    In order to assess and evaluate the differences of salt tolerance among sunflower germplasm accessions, in this study, 444 sunflower accessions were evaluated for salt tolerance at seed germination and seedling stage with 250 mmol/L NaCl, and salt tolerance experiments were carried out in saline-alkali soil conditions through out the whole growth period. The relative values of germination rate at germination stage, 6 indexes (survival rate, leaf area, plant height, SPAD value, fresh weight of above-ground part and fresh weight of underground part) at seedling stage and 7 indexes (plant height, sunflower diameter, seed setting rate, seed kernel rate, 100 grain weight, grain weight per plant, equivalent yield per 667m2) at whole growth stage were determined, and the salt tolerance was analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that there was a highly significant positive correlation between each two indexes at seedling stage, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.518-0.790. The correlation between most of the 7 indicators in the whole growth period reached a significant or extremely significant level; Based on these indexes, the analysis of correlation, principal component, membership function value, cluster and comprehensive salt tolerance evaluation were performed, and 132 salt resistant materials at germination stage, 9 at seedling stage, and 41 at whole growth stage were screened. Six accessions ("ZX0365", "ZX0389","ZX1391","ZX1394","ZX3089","ZX3094") showed above salt tolerance grade in the three periods with good comprehensive salt tolerance, which can be utilized for subsequent salt-tolerant gene mining and salt-tolerant variety breeding. The correlation analysis of the salt tolerance grades of these materials at the three stages showed that the identification results of each stage were significantly correlated, indicating that salt tolerance assessments at the seedling and germination stages can serve as effective references for the planting selection of salt-tolerant materials in saline-alkali soil. This study provided method and material basis for the selection of salt-tolerant sunflower varieties.
    Research Progress of Pennycress in the Resource Development and Utilization and the Iipid Metabolic Engineering Improvement
    LI rong, CAO meng, LI yanyi, CHEN jili, ZHANG honglin, ZHU yaoshun, LIU tao, XU xiaoyu
    Available online:  January 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231009005
    [Abstract] (88) [HTML] (0) [PDF 670.73 K] (555)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) belongs to the Thlaspi genus of the Cruciferae family, which is a dual-role herb plant of both medical and food usages. Pennycress has got strong ecological adaptability and can accumulate abundant oil in the seed, therefore harboring great values in the resource development and utilization. In some developed countries, benefited from the earlier commenced research, pennycress has already played an important role in the local agricultural production cycle. For instance, pennycress can be used as the typical winter cover crop to help ameliorate the soil arability, serving for the biodiesel preparation and replenishing the production of oil-bearing materials. By contrast, the comprehensive study and industrial development of pennycress in China is rather limited, which is still focused on the traditional Chinese medicine field and mostly being viewed as weed. With the rapid progress made in the modern life science research technology, advantages of pennycress have been increasingly revealed. As a result, the breeding improvement of pennycress via biotechnology has become possible. In this respect, metabolic engineering of the pennycress lipid property in order to develop novel vegetable oil, or even heterologously produce high-value fatty acid (e.g. nervonic acid etc.) has thus shown great potential. This paper has summarized and envisaged the most recent research progress in the pennycress resource development and utilization, as well as the lipid metabolic engineering improvement. Aiming to provide useful information for the fundamental, popularization and application research of pennycress in China.
    Effects of Low Nitrogen Stress on Amino Acid Levels and Transcriptome in Early Developmental Endosperm of Zea mays L.
    Yuxin Pan, Zhao Han, Ning Lihua
    Available online:  January 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231101002
    [Abstract] (90) [HTML] (0) [PDF 3.13 M] (597)
    Abstract:
    Nitrogen is an essential nutrient element for maize (Zea mays L.) growth and development, yield, and grain quality formation. To explore the key genes and reveal the physiological and molecular mechanisms in maize kernels under low nitrogen stress, in this study, the contents of amino acids and amino acid derivatives, as well as transcriptome sequencing of B73 kernel at six days after pollination (6 DAP) were analyzed under both low nitrogen and sufficient nitrogen treatments. The results showed that: under low nitrogen stress, the contents of 10 amino acids or amino acid derivatives were increased, of which the contents of threonine, β-amino-isobutyric acid, histidine, β-alanine, and lysine were increased the most, with the increase ranged from 71.1 to 153.1 %; however, the contents of other 21 amino acids or amino acid derivatives were decreased, of which the contents of ornithine, cystine, asparagine, phenylalanine, and α-aminobutyric acid were decreased the most, with the decrease varied from 51.6 to 65.8 %. Transcriptomic analysis showed that compared with sufficient nitrogen treatment, the 3 185 and 2 612 significantly up-regulated and down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in maize kernel under low nitrogen stress, respectively; GO enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in cellular processes, metabolic processes, biological regulation, and stimulus responses; KEGG analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in cell signal, biological cycle rhythm regulation, as well as biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. In addition, a total of 12, 9, 20, 10, and 21 DEGs/differentially expressed transcription factors were further detected in the nitrogen metabolism pathway, cyanoamino acid metabolism pathway, as well as AP2/ERF-ERF, bZIP, and WRKY transcription factor families, respectively. Therefore, these candidate genes may be important gene resources for maize kernels response to low nitrogen stress, which may lay the foundation for the molecular mechanism of maize response to low nitrogen stress and develop low nitrogen tolerance maize varieties.
    Barley Leaf Stripe Resistant Identification and Association Analysis with SSR Markers in Barley germplasms
    YANG Wen Juan, SI Erjing, GUO Ming, WANG Yanxiu, ZHANG Huaizhi, REN Ruibin, MENG Yaxiong, LI Baochun, MA xiaole, WANG Huajun
    Available online:  January 11, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231031007
    [Abstract] (68) [HTML] (0) [PDF 846.59 K] (597)
    Abstract:
    Barley leaf stripe is one of the most serious diseases in barley. In order to determine the genetic differences of barley germplasm resistant barley leaf stripe and explore candidate markers associated with resistant to barley leaf stripe resistance genes. In this study, we identifited the genetic diversity and population structure of 137 barley germplasms by 97 pairs of SSR markers and combined them with the results of resistance identification for association analysis. The results showed that 18 accessions were identified to be complete resistance (no diseased symptoms), 27 highly resistant, 28 resistant, 42 susceptible, and 22 highly susceptible by artificial inoculation with QWC of Pyrenophora graminea. 651 alleles were detected in 85 primer pairs, with an average of 7.57 alleles detected per primer. The genetic diversity index ranged from 0.0401 to 0.8646, with an average value of 0.5799. PIC ranged from 0.0393 to 0.8498, and the average was 0.5155, the genetic distances ranged from 0.1021 to 0.4807, with an average of 0.2774, indicating the overall relationship is relatively distant. The 137 barley germplasms were divided into four categories by Cluster analysis and population structure analysis, each including 30, 16, 15,76 materials. A total of seven markers significantly (P<0.05) associated with barley leaf stripe resistance were obtained based on the general linear modelling method, with the explained rates ranging from 5.8 % to 17.89 %. The marker with the highest explained rate was EBmatc0039 and the one with the lowest explained rate was Bmag603. The results of this study can provide reference for Pyrenophora graminea resistance in breeding barley.
    Study on the Correlation between Chlorophyll Synthesis Metabolism and Skin Color Formation in Skin of Tender Fruit of Zucchini（Cucurbita pepo L.）
    LI Ke-yue, WANG Dan-dan, LIU Jiang-tao, SHEN Qiong, GAI Shao-jie, WU Jun-xin
    Available online:  January 02, 2024 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231019002
    [Abstract] (82) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1.84 M] (571)
    Abstract:
    In order to explore the excellent germplasm resources of Cucurbita pepo L. and improve the selection efficiency of elated to emerald (vivid) green appearance quality, this study conducted a classification of different skin color of tender fruit used a color difference instrument on 54 self bred lines of zucchini created by our unit, and based on seven representative materials ( including four key ),the correlation between chlorophyll synthesis metabolism and its skin color formation in the skin of tender fruit was analyzed .The results showed that chlorophyll was the main pigment that determined the skin color of tender fruit of partial white, light green, emerald (vivid) green, and deep colors (green and dark green). Among them, the content of chlorophyll a accounted for 49.20% to 60.58% of the total content. The content of chlorophyll a was the main reason for determining the deep and light skin color. The emerald (vivid) green skin with the most vibrant and greenish color had significantly higher chromaticity value (C) than other skin color, while chlorophyll a/b and the red green value (a*) were significantly higher and lower respectively than partial white, light green, and dark green. The chlorophyll of synthesis of skin of tender fruit in dark green, emerald (vivid) green, and partial white was hindered by two points: PBG→Urogen III, and Coprogen III→Proto-IX. However, the latter transition stage was the main reason in the chlorophyll synthesis blocked, and sudden decrease of chlorophyll content of partial white and emerald (vivid) green. There was a significant correlation between chlorophyll synthesis weaken and chlase in chlorophyll metabolism enzyme activity enhance degradation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities weaken, those also the reason of partial white skin color. SOD and CAT activities in antioxidant enzymes were significantly correlated with the chlorophyll content of the skin of tender fruit, thereby delaying the rate of chlorophyll reduction in emerald (vivid) green and dark green. The results of this study provide theoretical basis and technical support for in-depth analysis of different skin color of tender fruit especially the color formation mechanism of emerald (vivid) green, and for the exploration and utilization of relevant excellent and specific resource materials.
    Rescue Collection and Preliminary Identification of Disease Resistance of Wild Rice Germplasm Resources in Guangxi
    GUO Wen-long, LIANG Yun-tao, LUO Cui-ting, QIAO Wei-hua, WU Yu-xiang, CHENG Yun-lian, HE Jin-fu, ZHANG Li-fang, LI Ke-di, XU Zhi-jian, HUANG Xue-qiong, XIAO Xiao-rong, ZHENG Xiao-ming, YANG Qing-wen
    Available online:  December 22, 2023 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231127001
    [Abstract] (136) [HTML] (0) [PDF 1011.43 K] (758)
    Abstract:
    In view of the increasingly serious problem of the endangered status of wild rice in Guangxi, the rescue collection of wild rice-rich areas in Guangxi was carried out, and the resistance identification of bacterial blight and rice blast was carried out. According to the distribution area and density of wild rice, the 44 originally recorded distribution sites in the survey results of wild rice in Guangxi are divided into four levels: extinction, endangered, vulnerable and least concerned, and found that 45% populations have been in extinction. 7% populations were endangered, and 25% populations were classified as vulnerable, and the other 23% populations could be classified as Least Concerned. A total of 317 wild rice germplasm resources were collected from 11 populations of Oryza rufipogon Griff. and Oryza officinalis Wall. The resistance to bacterial blight was identified by using the international virulent strain PXO99, and the resistance to rice blast of different isolates ( Guy11, RB22, FJ-3-2, FJ-3-5, FJ-2-3 ) was identified by wounding detached rice leaf. The results showed that 27 bacterial blight resistance resources, 105 rice blast resistance resources, and 5 resources with both bacterial blight and rice blast resistance were identified from 177 wild rice. In view of the problem that the disease-resistant resources of wild rice in Guangxi are rich but disappear seriously, it is suggested to strengthen the collection and protection, and increase the identification of germplasm resources.
    Construction of Information Management System and Service Platform of National Bougainvillea Germplasm Resource Center
    周群, 钟颖颖, 丁印龙, 李可威, 刘静
    Available online:  December 05, 2023 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231023001
    [Abstract] (98) [HTML] (0) [PDF 847.67 K] (665)
    Abstract:
    Bougainvillea with long flowering period, large amount of flowers, strong resistance and various forms of application, now has become the fastest growing woody flowers in southern China of sunrise flower industry. With the improvement of horticultural technology and the expansion of international exchanges, the number of varieties in Bougainvillea is increasing year by year, and the phenomenon of homonym and synonym frequently occurs, which brings certain difficulties to the collection and preservation of resources. In order to promote the management of germplasm resources, Xiamen Botanical Garden, as the national Bougainvillea germplasm resource center, has initially built an information management system and service platform based on B/S model and using modern management information system, so as to achieve efficient management of the germplasm resource bank. This paper introduces the platform architecture, database design, technology realization and platform function composition in detail, so as to improve the efficiency of information management and promote the collection, protection, research, evaluation and application of germplasm resources of Bougainvillea. In addition, the design and development of the platform can also provide reference for the construction of information management systems and service platforms in other flower.
    Mapping QTLs for salt tolerance related traits at seedling stage using chromosome segment substitution lines of Dongxiang common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) and Nipponbare (Oryza sativa L.)
    CHENG Yi-bing, HUANG Qian, Han Bin, Cui Di, QIU Xian-jin, MA Xiao-ding, HAN Long-zhi
    Available online:  November 29, 2023 , DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20231101003
    [Abstract] (125) [HTML] (0) [PDF 968.47 K] (675)
    Abstract:
    Rice is a moderately salt-sensitive crop, and its yield will be severely affected when grown in saline soils. Exploring salt-tolerance related genes and clarify the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance are important for the breeding of salt-tolerant rice varieties and the efficient utilization of saline soils. Previously, our laboratory created a strong salt-tolerant chromosome segment substitution line CSSL91 using Dongxiang common wild rice and Nipponbare as the parents, and its salt tolerance was comparable to that of Pokkali. In this study, the F2:3 population constructed from CSSL91 and Nipponbare was used as experimental material. With salt tolerance grade and seedling survival rate as indicators, five salt tolerance-related QTLs were detected, distributed on chromosomes 4, 9, and 10, with LOD values ranging from 2.95 to 3.97 and phenotypic contribution rates ranging from 9.83% to 18.48%. Among them, the salt tolerance grade QTL qST4 had the highest phenotypic variation contribution of 18.48%, localized between markers DX-C4-1 and DX-S4-16 on chromosome 4, and the locus could be detected by both linkage marker analysis and BSA analysis. QTLs qST4-1 for salt tolerance grade and qSSR4 for seedling survival rate were both located between markers DX-C4-12 and DX-C4-13 on chromosome 4, with LOD values of 3.36 and 3.92, and phenotypic contribution rates of 13.97% and 9.49%, respectively. In addition, two salt tolerance grade QTLs, qST9 and qST10, were located on chromosomes 9 and 10, respectively. The qST4-1/qSSR4 and qST10 are the newly localized salt tolerance-related QTLs in this study. The results of this study will lay the foundation for the cloning of salt tolerance-related genes and the improvement of rice salt tolerance varieties by molecular marker assisted selection.
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    Advances in Germplasm Collection and Genetic Diversity Research of Wild Broomcorn Millet in China
    LIU Min-xuan, XU yue, LU Ping
    2020,21(6):1435-1445, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200522001
    [Abstract] (1157) [HTML] (0) [PDF 30.14 M] (43801)
    Abstract:
    Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a representative crop in dryland agriculture and has been cultivated for over 10,000 years. Wild broomcorn millet, widely distributed in fields alongside the cultivated broomcorn millet and in woodland edges and grasslands across Eurasia, plays a crucial role in studies of broomcorn millet origin and domestication history. This review summarizes the research progresses achieved in China in germplasm collection and conservation, identification and evaluation, and genetic diversity analysis of wild broomcorn millet, and in the relationship between the wild broomcorn millet and cultivated broomcorn millet, and proposes further project development and the core mission of collection, utilization and research of wild broomcorn millet resources in China.
    The Phenotypic Variations and Allelic Analysis of Different Dwarf Germplasm Resources in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
    ZHANG Min-juan, WANG Deng-ke, DUAN Shi-xiang, DOU Jun-ling, YANG Sen, LIU Dong-ming, NIU Huan-huan, ZHU Hua-yu, HU Jian-bin, SUN Shou-ru, MA Chang-sheng, YANG Lu-ming
    2022,23(5):1298-1309, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220616001
    [Abstract] (472) [HTML] (0) [PDF 35.18 M] (32230)
    Abstract:
    In recent years, facility cultivation in watermelon has become one of the main ways in China, and dwarf germplasm resources have been of interest considering their application for their unique advantages in facility cultivation. Dwarf is one important agronomic trait in modulating plant architecture, and dwarf watermelon varieties are adaptable for high-density planting, mechanizing management and pest control, which can effectively reduce costs and meet the current needs of simplified watermelon cultivation. In this study, 14 dwarf germplasms, which were collected from domestic and foreign countries, were subjected for self-pollination with several generations to obtain homozygous inbred lines. Fourteen dwarf germplasms were subjected for diallel crosses, and F1 hybrids and derived F2 populations were analyzed for plant architecture related agronomic traits. Based on allelic tests for 14 dwarf germplasms, two types (class-I and class-II) on the dwarf phenotype were observed. The dwarf trait in class-I mutants d1, d2, d3 and d6 was controlled by the same recessive gene Cldw1, while the dwarf trait in class-mutants was controlled by another recessive gene Cldf. The F1 hybrid derived from inter-crosses between two classes were observed with long vine, and the segregation ratio of the vine type in F2 population was 9:3:3:1, thus confirming that the dwarf trait in two types of mutants were controlled by two different recessive genes. The analysis of different dwarf germplasm mutants in this study provided better understanding of watermelon dwarf resources, which has implication in breeding for new watermelon dwarf varieties.
    Synthesis and cytological studies of allotriploid interspecies between Brassica carinata and Chinese kale
    luoshuangxia
    2013,14(2):361-366, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.028
    [Abstract] (5022) [HTML] (0) [PDF 29.26 M] (26917)
    Abstract:
    The allotriploid interspecies (BCC) were obtained by reciprocal crosses between Brassica carinata (2n=4x=BBCC=34) and Chinese kale (2n=2x=CC=18). The interspecies displayed a stronger growth than parents; the plant and flower type tended to parent B. carinata; and the flower color was the same as parent Chinese kale. Meiosis observation of the allotriploid showed that 9 bivalents and 8 univalents (9Ⅱ 8Ⅰ) were formed at diakinesis, and the two kind of chromosomes (B and C) tended to separate into two groups; at metaphaseⅠ, 9 bivalents of CC genome arranged on equatorial plane and 8 univalents of B genome distributed around the equatorial plane ; and at anaphaseⅠ, the distributions of chromosomes with 13/13 or 12/14 were in the majority. The obtain of this allotriploid (BCC) provides an important material for production of CC B alien addition lines and for study of chromosome homology between B and C genome.
    Wild Relatives of Agricultural Crop in Yunnan Province and Its Peripheral Area
    Gao Ainong
    2013,14(2):193-201, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.002
    [Abstract] (4359) [HTML] (0) [PDF 31.18 M] (21132)
    Abstract:
    The project of “investigation of biological resources of agriculture in Yunnan province and its peripheral area”belongs to National Basic Task Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology. The project has passed the acceptance inspection from the Ministry of Science and Technology in May, 2012, after it has been carried out for 5 years. Yunnan and its peripheral area are low latitudes and high altitudes, also the concentrative areas inhabited by minority nationality people, where the species of agricultural crops are quite abundant, so are the biological and genetic diversity, as a result, the wild relatives of agricultural crops are plenty. In this paper, the authors have introduced the wild relatives of food crops, economic crops, vegetable crops and fruit trees collected in Yunnan and its peripheral area in order to provide basic information and scientific evidences for the researches and development, and constituting the national conservation policy of the diversity of wild plants and scientific researches.
    Investigation and Nutrition Components Analysis of Wild Chives in Hezhang County of Guizhou Province
    WANG Hai-ping, QIU Yang, LI Fang-wei, SONG Jiang-ping, Zhang Xiao-hui, LI Xi-xiang
    2017,18(6):1137-1144, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.06.015
    [Abstract] (1606) [HTML] (0) [PDF 10.11 M] (20270)
    Abstract:
    Guizhou province is an important distribution area of wild allium, especially in Hezhang county. In order to understand and study the distribution, the wild Chinese chive in Hezhang county was investigated, and the main nutritional components were analyzed. The results indicated that there are mainly 3 kinds of wild Chinese chive distributed in Hezhang county, Allium wallichii Kunth., Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.(tentatively named) and Allium hookeri Thwaites (tentatively named). . The geographical distribution, habitat and climate of the wild chives were investigated. Among 17 kinds of amino acids, except for proline, the contents of other amino acids in wild chives were higher than that of the cultivated chive. The sugar contents of wild chives were significantly lower than the cultivated chive. Among 9 trace elements, zinc and iron contents of Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt.were significantly higher than that of cultivated chives and other wild chives. Among 4 kinds of heavy metal, cadmium content in 3 kinds of wild chives exceed the limitation of national standard, especially the cadmium content in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. was significantly higher than the others. Content of arsenic, mercury and lead in Allium ovalifolium Hand.-Mzt. also exceed the limitation of national standard; Vc content in leaves and stalk of Allium wallichii Kunth. in original habit was higher than that of cultivated chives. The biological characteristics and nutrition components of wild chives from Hezhang county were significantly different from that of cultivated chives, which will be important genetic resources for utilization and quality development of chives.
    Phenotypic DiversityAnalysis of Five Wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum Populations
    WANG Wen-xiao, CHENG Hao, XU Yu-feng, GE Hong, YANG Shu-hua, ZHAO Xin, WU Rong-hua, JIA Rui-dong
    2020,21(5):1196-1206, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20200109006
    [Abstract] (1243) [HTML] (0) [PDF 31.37 M] (19829)
    Abstract:
    In this study, we investigated the phenotypic diversity of 18 characters on five main natural populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum that were collected from three provinces Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou in China. The statistical methods used included nested variance analysis, coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The results revealed significant difference at most phenotypic traits among populations if compared to that within populations. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient (VST) was 75.18%, indicating that the population diversity was largely contributed by the variation among populations. The average variation coefficient of the 18 phenotypic traits was variable from 6.36%–18.51%, with a higher degree of dispersion. PCA showed that plant height, length of ovary, scape height, length of maximum leaf, diameter of flower and length of synsepal were the main sources of phenotypic variation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that plant height, width of synsepal and width of dorsal sepal were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the majority of plant traits, whereas only the length of synsepal was extremely significantly correlated with geographic factors. Cluster analysis revealed three groups from the five populations, which could be explained by the geographic distribution. This study found that populations of Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum have high genetic diversity, and the variation between populations is much higher than that within the population. The phenotypic diversity indicates that wild Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum populations should be protected as much as possible. Moreover, it is recommended that germplasm is preserved in nurseries and libraries in addition to in-situ conservation, and that an artificial reproduction system is established enhance our conservation efficiency.
    Genome-wide Association Study of Root System Architecture Related Traits in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    CHEN Gui-ju, JIN Yi-rong, LIU Cai-yun, JIA De-xin, FAN Qing-qi, LIU Jin-dong, LIU Peng
    2020,21(4):975-983, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20191126002
    [Abstract] (1281) [HTML] (0) [PDF 709.26 K] (19643)
    Abstract:
    The root system architecture (RSA) determines the composition of the root system and plays an irreplaceable role in crop growth and development. It is of great significance to analyze the genetic mechanism of wheat root architecture and the selection of varieties with better RSA traits in breeding for elite wheat varieties. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is an effective method to analyze the genetic mechanism of complicated quantitative traits (i.e. RSA) in wheat. In the study, GWAS for RSA-related traits(total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter and number of root tips) were conducted in 160 wheat accessions from Henan and Shandong, which were previously genotyped by wheat 660K SNP chip. Twenty-three loci associated with RSA related traits were detected from chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6A, 6B and 7B, and each explained the phenotypic variation variable from 7.2% to 12.8%. Among them, eleven loci are found to coincide with the formerly-reported loci, and the remaining 12 loci are newly identified. Taken together, this study is of significance to uncover the genetic structure of the root architecture with a potential in future breeding of high-yield and stress-resistant wheat cultivars.
    Combining ability of parents for main traits in sorghum panicles
    Long Wenjing, 赵甘霖, 丁国祥, 倪先林, 刘天朋, 汪小楷
    2017,18(5):867-873, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.05.008
    [Abstract] (1442) [HTML] (0) [PDF 7.64 M] (19296)
    Abstract:
    To explore the main characters of the genetic features of sorghum panicle and evaluate the use value of material of latest introduction and cultivation of sorghum parents, thus providing theoretical basis for breeding of sorghum panicle and reference. Four sorghum sterile lines(13163A, 1358A, 128A and 407A ) and 6 restorer lines (9.1R, 213R, 272R, 381R, Dwarf182R and Early21R) were mated, the combining ability of main traits of F1 generation’s panicles was analyzed according to incomplete diallel cross(NCII). The results showed that the main panicle traits exist significant genetic differences, the main performance for the additive gene effect of genetic traits are: spike length, primary branches number, secondary branch number, grain numbe per spike; Narrow heritability size order are: secondary branch number > primary branch number > spike length> grain number per spike > grain weight per spike >1000-kernel weight. Different parent’s general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) is significant difference in different traits. Sterile line 407A and restorer early 21R, 9.1R which has better comprehensive characteristic, have great potential applications in production of hybrid combinations. Restorer 272R combined with lower spike grain number and small grains characteristics can satisfy the market demand for small grain sorghum. In-depth analysis of sorghum hybrid parent main panicle traits, is conducive to the further understanding and use of parent material.
    Identification of QTL for Tassel Color in Maize
    yuanwenjuan
    2013,14(2):289-297, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.02.005
    [Abstract] (5085) [HTML] (0) [PDF 10.61 M] (18695)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: tassel is an important reproductive organ of maize and the appearance of different kinds of maize differ in thousands of ways .molecular markers, tightly linked with tassel color, could be screened by genetic analysis and QTL mapping of the color of the maize tassel. these molecular markers can be used as an useful tool for maize variety protection and species identification. Mean while, higher pigment content of anthocyan in purple tassel is closely related to the insect resistance of maize tassel. In this study, a black SDM of maize inbred lines were used as a common male parent and respectively hybrid with the white maize inbred lines of wood and yellow maize inbred line Mo17 to build two F2: 3 groups, respectively named MuS (Mu6 x SDM), and MoS (, Mo17 ?SDM).these two groups were planted in two different environments in Yunnan and Chongqing, then conduct QTL mapping about two traits, the anther color (COAn) and the anther capes color (COCa). The results showed that: the anther color and the anther cape color are both quantitative traits, jointly controlled by major genes and minor genes. Seven QTL related to anther color are detected from the two groups in two different environments. They are located in chromosome 2,3,6 and 10.The QTL within marker interval umc1196a-IDP8526 on the chromosome 10 both expressed in Chongqing and Yunnan, and the contribution rate of the phenotype were 23.17% and 19.98%; nine QTL related to anther cape color are detected from the two groups in two environments, located in chromosome 3, 6, 9 and 10 .Among them, three QTL are environmental insensitive (they express in both two environments and the contribution rate are greater than 10%), which respectively in the marker interval umc1979-umc1796 mmc0523-umc2006 in chromosome 6 and the marker interval umc1196a-umc2043 in the chromosome 10 and the contribution rate of the phenotype ranges from 10.69% to 59.30%. The location and effect of the major QTL detected from these two groups have a high degree of consistency, and the major QTL controlling the two traits of anther color and anther cape color have the phenomenon of chain of distribution, mainly near the marker mmc0523 at bin6.04 and the marker IDP8526 at bin10.04. QTL that located on chromosome 6 and 10, and that are stable in different environments and genetic backgrounds can be regarded as the target sites used for further fine mapping. They can also provide a valuable reference for marker-assisted selection of maize tassel color.
    Analysis of sugars and acid contents and its compositions in different ecological peach cultivar groups
    ZHU Geng-rui, WANG Xin-wei, CAO Ke, FANG Wei-chao, CHEN Chang-wen, WANG Li-rong
    2017,18(5):891-904, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2017.05.011
    [Abstract] (1871) [HTML] (0) [PDF 14.14 M] (18593)
    Abstract:
    Abstract: Studies were conducted on the distributions of sugar and acids contents of 118 doses of peach accessions, which contain six cultivar groups in China, for providing reliable evidences of high quality peach breeding selection. In this study Soluble sugar was detected by fehling reagent. Titratable acidity was detected by NaOH.Sugar and organic acid compositions in 295 peach accessions were detected using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Result:1) Cultivars derived from Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, Southern China Contain high value of sugar compositions (fructose, sucrose), soluble sugar, total sugar, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars of Changjiang River Region and Northeast China contain high value of fructose.Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain low value of titratable acidity , some acid compositions(citrale, quinate, malate) and total acid, but those are high in cultivars of Northwest China. Cultivars derived from North China Plain, Changjiang River Region and Southern China contain high value of SS/TA, SSC/TA and ‘Total sugar/ Total acid’, but those are low in cultivars of Northwest China, Yunnan-Guizhou plateau and Northeast China. 2) For sugar compositions in different cultivars, Ratio of ‘fructose to total sugar’ is the highest in Changjiang River Region cultivars, Northwest China cultivars have a high level of ‘glucose to total sugar’. The ratio of ‘sorbitol to total sugar’ is the highest in Southern China cultivars, but the Northest China cultivars have the lowest level. Ratio of ‘sucrose to total sugar’ have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups. For the analysis of acid compositions, Changjiang River Region cultivars have high level of citrale, but cultivars of Southern China have a lower level, which have the highest level of quinate. The ratios of succinic and malate acids have no significant difference in six ecological cultivar groups.
    Study on the Floral characteristics Characteristics and Sstructure in Two Types of Male Sterile Lines of Bbroccoli（Brassica oleracea var.italica）
    shu jin shuai, Liu Yumei, 方智远, 李占省, 孙培田, 杨丽梅, 张黎黎, 张扬勇, 庄木
    2014,15(1):113-119, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2014.01.015
    [Abstract] (3962) [HTML] (0) [PDF 7.81 M] (17981)
    Abstract:
    Broccoli is an important cruciferous vegetable, it has a good anti-cancer effect, with the expanding cultivation area of broccoli and the developing of anticancer drug, the demand for broccoli seeds are increasing. Using male sterile line to produce F1 generation seeds is an important way to utilize of heterosis, but the cytoplasmic male sterile lines commonly used in production have the problems of the buds death are heavier in the early, nectar volume is less and seeds production are low. Our group makes excellent broccoli inbred lines as male parent. cabbage dominant genic male sterility material 79-399-3 and cytoplasmic male sterile material OguraCMSR3 629 as the infertility sources, we have obtained multiple dominant genic male sterile lines and cytoplasmic male sterile lines of broccoli through backcrossing method, in order to further effectively use of broccoli male sterile lines and search for better infertility sources, The the differences of the bud death numbers, floral organ structure and number of or frequecing bees visiting flowers among dominant genic male sterile（DGMS）lines，cytoplasmic male sterile（CMS）lines and inbred lines of broccoli 8554, 8590 and 93219 were studied. The results showed that the differences of the bud length, bud diameter, death buds of single branch, corolla diameter, stamen length, anther length, petal length, the times of visiting bees, the number of visiting bees and the time of bees staying on the flower between DGMS and CMS of lines 8554, 8590 and 93219 were significant. On As athe whole, above characteristics in DGMS lines were significantly better than CMS lines.
    Crop gene pyramiding molecular breeding
    徐小万, 雷建军, 罗少波, 李颖, 王恒明
    2010,11(3):364-368, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.03.003
    [Abstract] (7481) [HTML] (0) [PDF 546.74 K] (16359)
    Abstract:
    Most agronomic charateristics and complex biosynthetic pathways are determined by the coordination of multiple gene expression ,and gene pyramiding molecular breeding combined with conventional breeding techniques have become the main means for the crop breeding.Gene pyramiding molecular breeding includes genetic transformation molecular breeding and marker-assisted selection molecular breeding. The research progress of crop genetic pyramiding molecular breeding in recent were reviewed. The research methods, the countermeasures on the existing problems of gene pyramiding molecular breeding were discussed and the prospects were described as well in this paper.
    Composition Variation of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits in the Doubling Haploids from Anther Culture and the Crossing Hybrids in Wheat
    Han Xiaofeng, Ye Xingguo, Liu Xiaolei, We Yiqin, Yan Yueming, Du Lipu
    2010,11(6):671-677, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.06.004
    [Abstract] (4961) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (15713)
    Abstract:
    High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in the doubling haploids from stable cultivars and the crossing hybrids between different varieties of common wheat were analyzed to explore the possibility of improving the subunit compositions by anther culture and commercial crossing. Double haploids from five wheat genotypes of Alondra, Orofen, Xinchun9, Verry, and Bainong3217 were obtained by anther culture, and different hybrids were made each other from different wheat lines with different HMW-GS constitutions such as Xingchun9, Jing771, CB037, CS, Ningchun4, Bobwhite, and yangmai12 by crossing. Then, SDS-PAGE was used to analyze the populations of the doubling haploids and the crossing hybrids for HMW-GS combinations. The results indicated that frequent variation of HMW-GS happened in the doubled haploids with a rate up to 61.8% in the test genotypes, among which Alondra and Bainong3217 gave higher variation frequency than other three varieties, and several subunits might be new ones which are not present in the corresponding wild types, but need to be identified further. Comparing with the donor lines, the typical double haploids varied in HMW-GS were not changed in main agronomic characteristics such as plant height, growth period, and grain weight. In most F1 hybrids, the expression of all HMW-GS appeared to be co-dominant, but the expression of one or two HMW-GSs was did found to be suppressed in a few F1 crosses. Cytoplasm of female parents was found to have some effect on the expression of very few subunits in a few crosses. At the same time, 2-3 possible new subunits that did not exist in the parents were observed in the two crosses, Ningchun4/CB037 and Jing771/Ningchun4. By continuous self-crossing and tracing of the new subunits, stable lines expressing the putative new subunits were obtained from the two crosses mentioned above. Variation of HMW-GSs constitution or new HMW-GS can be induced by anther culture and normal cross. Co-dominant of HMW-GS expression did not definitely exist in all F1 crosses. Cytoplasm did effect the expression of HMW-GS in some cases. The present study is theoretical and practical valuable for the improvement of wheat processing quality and the further understanding of the genetic and structural features of HMW-GSs encoding genes.
    Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Barbarea Vulgaris Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits
    Liu Tongjin, , , , , and
    2015,16(3):528-534, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2015.03.014
    [Abstract] (3922) [HTML] (0) [PDF 19.71 M] (15675)
    Abstract:
    Barbarea vulgaris is an excellent cruciferous plant, particularly being ideal as a model species to study saponin biosynthesis, insect resistance, and coevolution of plants and insect pest. In order to make full use of B. vulgaris germplasm, the genetic diversity was analyzed among the 34 accessions conserved in the national mid-term gene bank for vegetables, based on the phenologic, morphological and insect resistance data from the field investigation. The results showed significant morphological diversity in B. vulgaris germplasm from Europe. Among the 34 accession, BV13-BAR13 bolted earliest, 47 days earlier than the latest bolting material (BV13-BAR9). Most of the B. vulgaris germplasm have glabrous leaves, strong tillering ability and more leaf numbers. The range and coefficient variation (CV) of the plant height, silique length and inflorescence length are the highest among all traits. Only 9 of 34 B. vulgaris are susceptible to the diamondback moth, most accessions are highly resistant to the pest. The clustering analysis showed that 34 accessions can be divided into 3 groups. The resistant and susceptible germplasm were distributed to different groups, reflecting their genetic relationships. Our research will provide useful materials and information for the genetic breeding of insect resistant B. Vulgaris and cruciferae crops.
    Diversity Analysis of Chinese Wild Grape Species
    chengdawei, jiangjianfu, fanxiucai, zhangying, , liuchonghuai
    2013,14(6):996-1012, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.06.003
    [Abstract] (4815) [HTML] (0) [PDF 18.28 M] (15497)
    Abstract:
    China is one of the major origin centres of Vitis species, and has lots of grape species and inherited resource in the world. There are 40 species, 1 subspecies and 13 varieties originated from China. According to the “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)”, taking a number of character index as a identification parameters, the genetic. diversity of 23 Chinese wild grape species were analysised by identifying botany characteristics and agronomic traits.The results showed that Chinese wild grape had rich diversity in main phenophase, young shoot down, young shoot color, blade shape, blade color, teeth, berry size, skin color, berry flavor, floral organs and so on, with abundant genetic diversity. It can provide reference for classification,evolution and breeding of vitis . It is suggested that “description standard and data standard for grape (Vitis L.)” for further revision and improvement, in order to adapt Chinese wild vitis resource diversity evaluation research.
    The Wild Dactylis glomerata Germplasm Resources of Hengduan Mountains in Southwest China
    钟声, 黄梅芬, 段新慧
    2010,11(1):1-4, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2010.01.001
    [Abstract] (5440) [HTML] (0) [PDF 422.92 K] (15352)
    Abstract:
    Hengduan mountains lie in southwest of China,which is famous by the extending from south to north.There widely distribute wild Dactylis glomerata germplasm resources,which belongs to subspecies glomerata,and subspecies himalayensis.The distribution range of two subspecies is nearly the same,but much difference existed in the morphological characters and phenological development in two subspecies.Through hybridization of subspecies himalayensis and subspecies glomerata in artificial condition,triploid offspring may be obtained.But no definite evidence has been found that hybrid triploid offspring was existed by crossbreeding of two subspecies in natural condition.In recent decade years,many basal studies about the two subspecies have been done in China,but a few were about the protection and utilization.Thinking about the origin,it can be sure that subspecies himalayensis belong to natural origin ecotype,but subspecies glomerata was likely to belong to naturalization species.Because of the competing threat from the subspecies glomerata,it is necessary to reinforce the protection and utilization studies about the subspecies himalayensis.
    Phenotype Analysis and Low-resolution Mapping of a Stripe-Leaf Mutant t122 in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.)
    ZHANG Shuo, ZHI Hui, ZHANG Wei, TANG Chan-juan, LUO Ming-zhao, TANG Sha, JIA Guan-qing, JIA Yan-chao, LIU Gang, HUANG Zhi-mou, CAI Hai-ya, JIAO Chun-hai, DIAO Xian-min
    2022,23(4):1076-1084, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220211001
    [Abstract] (331) [HTML] (0) [PDF 36.21 M] (14957)
    Abstract:
    Leaf color is usually determined by the number, structure, and photosynthetic characters of the chloroplast. Isolation of the functional genes in leaf discoloration mutants of the C4 model plant foxtail millet and deciphering their functions is a way to disclose the regulation mechanism of C4 plant chloroplast biogenesis, development and photosynthesis. In this study, a stripe-leaf mutant t122 was identified from the EMS-induced mutant library of the foxtail millet variety Yugu1. The mutant t122 was observed with developmental retardation, and irregular white stripes on leaves. In contrast to the wild type, the significant decrease on the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, main panicle diameter, main panicle weight, and seed setting rate was observed in t122 mutant, whereas an increase on the panicle number per plant was detected. The photosynthetic capacity of t122 was impaired. By the leaf anatomy analysis, no significant difference in the distance between leaf veins, the number of cell layers between vascular bundles, and the cross-sectional cell area of leaves was observed in t122; however, an increased on the leaf cell length was detected. The ultrastructural observation of chloroplasts showed that, in t122 the chloroplasts showing functional structure were only detected in subsets of leaf cells. The segregation analysis suggested that the stripe-leaf trait of t122 was controlled by a single recessive nuclei-encoding gene. Using the method of MutMap, the candidate gene was mapped to the region of 24.0 Mb - 30.0 Mb on chromosome 3. Collectively, these results laid a good foundation for future cloning and functional characterization of the stripe-leaf gene in foxtail millet.
    Advances in Genetics and breeding of High oleic acid peanut
    陈 静
    2011,12(2):190-196, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2011.02.009
    [Abstract] (5647) [HTML] (0) [PDF 503.46 K] (14751)
    Abstract:
    Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an important oilseed and economic crop in China. Oleic content and linoleic content of peanut seed add up to 80%. Oleic acid is an important factor that affects physical and chemical stability and nutritional value of peanut oil. Breeding peanut variety with high oleic content is an important breeding objective of peanut quality to promote international competitiveness and meet domestic consumption demand since 2000. Increasing oleic content in peanut significantly improves the nutritional quality. In this paper, we summarize mutants of high oleic peanut, the genetic characteristics of high oleic acid content and analyse pedigree relationship of high oleic acid peanut varieties and developing methods. Our purpose is to improve high oleic breeding of China peanut.
    Investigation and Taxonomy of Wild Fragaria Resources in the South of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China
    GUO Rui-xue, CHENG Yuan-yi, XI Hui, XUE Li, LEI Jia-jun, WANG Lian-jun
    2022,23(5):1393-1399, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20220225002
    [Abstract] (496) [HTML] (0) [PDF 44.50 M] (14339)
    Abstract:
    To understand the genus Fragaria resources distributed in the south of Qinling Mountain in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province of China, the wild strawberries were surveyed during 2019-2021 (latitude, 32°49′46″ to 33°19′38″; longitude, 106°09′23″ to 106°40′23″). The investigation sites include eight villages of three counties (Mengjiahe Village and Wangjiazhuang Village in Lueyang County; Erliba Village and Dashuya Village in Ningqiang County; Liziba Village, Lijiagou Village, Qiuqiya Village and Toudaohe Village in Mi'an County). A total of 57 wild strawberry accessions were collected in this survey. These accessions were identified and classified into three Fragaria species including Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlect., F. chinensis Lozinsk. and F. pentaphylla Lozinsk. (white-fruited), and two types including F. pentaphylla pink-fruited genotype and F. pentaphylla red-fruited genotype through botanical character observation and ploidy identification. Among them, F. pentaphylla was found to be predominant in population. These wild strawberries were found in the vertical space of 849 - 1352 m above sea level, such as mountains, forests, streams, roadsides, barren fields and rock walls. We provided the characters of the collected Fragaria species in detail, and proposed the suggestions on the protection and utilization of local wild strawberry resources.
    Molecular Mechanism and Application of HSP90 in Plants
    Qi Yan and
    2013,14(1):111-116, DOI: 10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2013.01.017
    [Abstract] (4500) [HTML] (0) [PDF 0.00 Byte] (14258)
    Abstract:
    Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) widely mediated stress signal transduction, and plays an important role in the control of normal growth of human cells and in the promoting tumor cell development. At present, HSP90 has become forefront projects of cellular immunity, signal transduction and anti-cancer investigation. The physiological function of HSP90 start later in plant than in animal and fungi. Recent researches revealed that plant HSP90 plays an important role in development, environmental stress response and disease resistance. This paper discussed the molecular functions of HSP90, and systematically reviews latest progresses on molecular mechanism of plant HSP90 as well as improvement of plant resistance to facalitate broaden work.

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