Fagopyrum. cymosum(Trev.)Meisn. is a kind of perennial medicinal herb widely distributed in China. In order to study the distribution characteristics of wild F.cymosum in China and explore the Resource density and genetic characteristics in various regions, the wild buckwheat resource survey team systematically investigated 13 provinces (districts) and 62 counties (cities and districts) in China based on the third national crop resource survey and collection Action, A total of 530 F.cymosum germplasm resources were collected .The survey results show that the wild F.cymosum resources in China are mainly distributed in the subtropical monsoon climate area with an altitude of less than 3500 m, east longitude of 90°.44′28″-119°.36′37″, north latitude of 24°.59′66″-33°.53′16″. The population quantity and genetic characteristics of F.cymosum show obvious regional differences, forming the distribution characteristics of special type concentration area with high altitude in Southeast Tibet, diversified suitable area with low altitude in Southwest China and single low suitable area with low altitude in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. There are many excellent materials in the wild population, which can be developed and utilized in the fields of medicine, health care, animal husbandry, sightseeing and breeding. This study has important reference value in rare plant protection, taxonomic evolution of buckwheat, innovative utilization of germplasm resources and crop genetic improvement.