Landraces are important parent sources in wheat breeding， and play vital roles in the breeding progress via introgressing elite traits. Using allele-specific markers of wheat vernalization genes Vrn-A1， Vrn-B1， Vrn-D1， Vrn-B3 and photoperiod gene Ppd-D1， this study detected their dominant allelic variations in 445 Gansu landraces， and analyzed the relationship with winter-spring growth habits. The results showed： （1） The frequencies of the dominant alleles at the four vernalization genes were 2.5% （Vrn-A1a）， 11.0% （Vrn-B1a）， 1.6% （Vrn-B1b）， 0.5% （Vrn-B1c）， 67.4% （Vrn-D1） and 0.5% （Vrn-B3）， respectively， and the frequency of the photoperiod-insensitive Ppd-D1a allele was 17.8%. （2） Except for Vrn-B1a + Vrn-D1， different combinations of dominant alleles were detected in landraces collected from spring wheat regions. The frequency distribution of dominant vernalization alleles decreased gradually from spring wheat to winter wheat regions， whereas all recessive allele composition at Vrn1 and Vrn-B3 loci increased constantly. The Ppd-D1a was detected in Gansu landrace germplasm from different wheat regions， and its frequency in winter wheat region was much higher than that in spring wheat region. The highest frequency （35.6%） was observed in Longdong dry land winter wheat area， and the lowest （5.1%） was detected in Taomin high and cold spring wheat region. （3） Through comparing the genotyping results with the historic phenotype recorded from wheat resource catalogue of Gansu Landrace， a lower coincidence was observed in winter/strong winter landraces than that in spring/mild winter wheat， and the coincidence decreased gradually for the landraces from the spring wheat to winter wheat regions. （4） Eighty-three spring wheat， 119 mild winter wheat and 82 winter wheat were identified， which can be applied in spring wheat region （Central and western Gansu province， high and cold Taomin spring wheat area） and autumn-planting winter wheat regions with warmer （Longnan Jialing River Upstream and Upper Wei River in Southern Tianshui） and colder winter region （Pingliang， Qingyang Jing River basin， North of Dingxi and Tianshui）， respectively. In conclusion， this study provided a reference for mining excellent traits of landrace varieties in modern wheat breeding.