Hort16A， a variety of Actinidia chinensis Planch.， is highly popular among consumers due to its high nutritional value. However， this variety is sensitive to frost and susceptible to ulcer disease and branch rot. The response mechanism of yellow-fleshed A. chinensis upon cold temperature remains still unclear. In this study， transcriptome analysis of yellow-fleshed kiwifruit under low temperature stress was performed to provide theoretical references for understanding the mechanisms involved and subsequent studies on cold resistance. The cold-resistant tetraploid materials and the plants treated at low temperature （0 ℃） for 5 h were used as the experimental group， and those not specially treated at room temperature were used as the control group， and the samples were taken for transcriptome sequencing using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. GO enrichment analysis revealed 1013 differentially expressed genes， which were enriched into three categories： molecular function， cellular component， and biological process. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 410 differentially expressed genes were enriched in the three main functions of plant hormone signal transduction， MAPK signaling pathway-plant， starch and sucrose metabolism， and 89 other metabolic pathways. Nine genes related to cold resistance in yellow-fleshed kiwifruit， including PYL， PSR， TPS， GH3， SAUR， and PP2C， were tentatively identified. The results of this study can provide theoretical references for further studies on the response mechanism of tetraploid yellow-fleshed kiwifruit to low temperature stress.