The karyological analysis on 25 populations of L. pumilum was studied by conventional pressed slice method. The results showed that: The karyological type on 25 populations of L. pumilum was various.every populations of Lilium pumilum DC were diploid, x=12. In root tip cells, Chromosome numbers was mostly 2n=2x=24. Chromosome types of L. pumilum DC included st，sm，t, m and T. The ratio of the longest chromosome/the shortest chromosome was from 1.73 to 5.90, mostly in the range from 2 to 4; asymmetry coefficient was between 75.6%to 89.6%; Six types were: 3A, 4A, 3B, 4B, 3C, 4C, and 3B was the most type, which was 60%.