The applied core collection is the optimal set of elite germplasm constructed to solve breeding problems, which greatly embody the tight connections between germplasm research and crop breeding. Its effective construction and utilization can significantly improve the usage efficiency of germplasm in crop breeding. Considering the present research status of core collection, we clarified the basic category and characteristics of maize applied core collection, and proposed that on the basis of core collection, the construction of maize applied core collection by integrating elite alleles of important breeding traits will be the focus of maize germplasm research. The constructed applied core collection would be suitable for the maize breeding of various ecological regions, with clear heterosis groups, clear elite alleles, but without obvious genetic burden. At last, the key issues of the construction of maize applied core collection are discussed, by which to promote the development of maize applied core collection and also to provide permanent supports for the research of breeding in China.