Abiotic stresses, such as drought, high salt, and low temperature, have a strong impact on crop growth and development and yield production. Plants gradually formed special capacity to rapidly perceive and adapt to external stimuli in the long-term evolution process, in which plant protein kinases play very important roles. Protein kinase and protein phosphatase catalyzing phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are ones of the most common and most important ways in signal transduction regulation in plants. And, the main effect of protein kinase is phosphorylating proteins by transferring γ-groups from ATP or GTP to a specific substrate protein, and then phosphorylated proteins play the corresponding physiological function. In recent years, research on mechanism of protein kinases by using biotechnology and genetic engineering resistance of plants via silencing or over-expressing genes has become a hot spot in molecular biology and molecular breeding. This article mainly summarizes the role of plant protein kinases in mediating abiotic stress and hormones, and will provide useful information for further research on plant protein kinase.