Fruit cracking was the most serious physiological disease for yield and quality of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), it was also the most difficultly problem for prevent. The objective of this study was to reveal the mechanism of the cultivars with highly resistance, and provide scientific basis for prevention of the disease and relevant breeding. Cultivars with different resistance to fruit cracking were used as materials. During immersed in water, the water potential, water retaining rate, water absorption, fruit cracking rate and fruit cracking index were determined, and then the correlations between them were analyzed by SPSS software. Meanwhile, microscopic technology was used to observe the pericarp microstructure. Water potential of fruit did not reflect inherent resistance of jujube fruit to cracking; there was no significant correlation between water retaining rate and fruit cracking rate or fruit cracking index; however, water absorption was extremely significantly correlated with fruit cracking rate and fruit cracking index at fruit crisp-mature stage. The water absorption rate at the water absorption threshold was negatively correlated with the resistance to fruit cracking. The cultivar ‘Changhongzao’ with highly resistance to fruit cracking had the lowest water absorption rate (0.20 %?h-1) and that of the highly susceptible cultivar ‘Junzao’ had the highest rate (0.52 %?h-1). Compared with other cultivars, the wax layer of highly resistant cultivar ‘Changhongzao’ was the thickest, and its pericarp cells arranged much more regular and closer. No significant correlation was found between cracking resistance and the thickness of epidermis. The upper part of fruit was more sensitive to cracking.