Profiting from the development in the past nearly hundred years，the national integrated conservation system for crop germplasm resources has been well established based on ex situ and in situ conservation strategies，which important points：（1）for each type of crop germplasm，it is necessary to develop suitable conservation methods/technologies according to its biological characteristics，and conservation and utilization needs，to achieve preservation the genetic integrity or potential evolutionary ability，（2）each crop germplasm needs to be combined with a variety of preservation methods，to achieve integrated conservation of its gene pool，（3）at the national（regional）level，it is necessary to adopt in situ and ex situ conservation methods，as well as medium-term，long-term and backup preservation mechanisms to conservation the diversity， integrity and security of germplasm resources for sustainable use. By the end of 2021，China has built 55 ex situ conservation facilities，including long-term，medium-term，duplicate，field，in vitro，and cryo genebanks，and 214 in situ conservation sites，which has ability to achieve the integrated conservation of crop germplasm resources at the national level，and the total amount of conservation has reached 528000 accessions，providing a solid material foundation for crop breeding，seed industry development and agricultural innovation. This article reviewed the development history，scientific basis，and application practices in China and abroad of the integrated conservation system，in order to promote the conservation and utilization of crop germplasm resources.