分子标记辅助选择改良水稻不育系臻达A及其杂交种的稻瘟病抗性
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福建省科技厅省属公益类科研专项(2015R1021-12、2016R1020-3);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201403002-7);福建省科技重大专项(2015NZ0002-3)


Improving the Rice Blast Resistance for a CMS Line of Rice Zhenda A and its Hybrids Using Molecular Marker-assistant Selection
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    摘要:

    水稻抗稻瘟病基因Pi25是一个遗传传递能力强的广谱抗性基因。本研究以携带抗稻瘟病基因Pi25的BL27为抗源供体,与优质、配合力强、感稻瘟病的水稻保持系臻达B的受体亲本进行杂交、回交创制水稻保持系新种质,再与臻达A测交和回交进行不育系转育,结合分子标记辅助选择和农艺性状筛选,获得3个抗性基因纯合、农艺性状和开花习性均与臻达A相似的改良不育系株系。利用福建省近年来致病性代表的22个稻瘟病菌株对3个改良不育系及其15个杂交种进行抗性鉴定,3个改良不育系的抗性频率为95.45%~100%,15个杂交种的抗性频率均达75%以上,而原始对照臻达A及其杂交种的抗性频率仅为54.55%和40.91%~63.64%。自然病圃诱发鉴定表明,3个改良不育系的叶瘟和穗颈瘟均为0级,表现高抗,而对照臻达A的叶瘟为5级,穗颈瘟为7级,表现感病;15个杂交种均表现良好的稻瘟病抗性。进一步分析比较15个杂交种的产量、农艺性状和稻米品质表现,结果表明臻达A-Pi25-3改良不育系的综合性状表现最优,继续回交转育,于2015年育成了稻瘟病抗性强、配合力好、群体整齐和性状稳定的不育系,命名为157A。研究表明,抗稻瘟病基因Pi25不仅在水稻不育系臻达A的遗传背景下的抗性表达完全,且在不同水稻恢复系测交种的背景下同样表现出较高水平的抗性,说明抗性基因Pi25对不育系稻瘟病改良的效果明显。创制的新不育系157A的稻瘟病抗性显著提高,还基本保留了原来不育系高配合力等的优良特性,为选育高产、优质、抗病杂交稻新品种提供了不育系新种质。

    Abstract:

    Pi25, rice blast resistance gene, is a broad-spectrum resistance gene with high genetic transmission capacity. In this paper, the indica rice parent BL 27 with Pi25 was as the gene donor and was introgressed into Zhenda B, the maintainer line of the CMS line ZhengdaZhenda A, and then improved new maintainer lines with homozygous gene of Pi25 and agronomic traits similar to the ZhengdaZhenda B was successfully developed. The improved maintainer lines were crossed and backcrossed with CMS line ZhengdaZhenda A for transformation of CMS line. By molecular marker-assisted selection combined with phenotype-based visual selection, three improved CMS lines were developed with homozygous geno-type of Pi25, overall agronomic traits and flowering habit similar to the ZhengdaZhenda A. By artificially inoculating 22 representative blast isolates collected in Fujian province, the resistance frequency of 3 improved CMS lines and 15 hybirds were found to be 95.45% to 100% and more than 75%, respectively, whereas that of original control, Zhenda A and its hybrid combinations derived from the original control, ZhengdaZhenda A was only 54.55% and its hybirds were 40.91% to 63.64% respectively. Three improved CMS lines also displayed high resistance to leaf blast ( level 0 ) and panicle neck blast ( level 0 ) when grown in the epidemic areas field, whereas the original control was susceptible to leaf blast (level 5) and panicle neck blast (level 7) . Those 15 hybrid combinations displayed high resistance to rice blast. Furtherly, the results of comparison of yield, agronomic characters and quality among 15 hybrid combinations showed that Zhenda A-Pi25-3 improved CMS line showed best comprehensive characteristics and was backcrossed with improved maintainer line ZhengdaZhenda B-Pi25-3. Thus a new CMS line was bred with strong blast resistance, good combining ability, population uniformity and the stability characteristics, named for the 157A. The results indicated that the Pi25 gene could completely express its dominant resistance in background of CMS line Zhenda A during different growth stages, and also showed higher levels of resistance in backgrounds of the hybrid combinations derived from different restorer lines, suggesting its immense breeding value in blast resistance improvement for hybrid rice. Compared with Zhenda A, the 157 A showed blast resistance increased significantly, but also fundamentally retained excellent properties of high combining ability of CMS line, and provided a new male sterile germplasm for breeding of hybrid rice with high yield, high quality and disease resistance.

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董瑞霞,王洪飞,董练飞,等.分子标记辅助选择改良水稻不育系臻达A及其杂交种的稻瘟病抗性[J].植物遗传资源学报,2017,18(3):573-586.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-08-09
  • 最后修改日期:2017-02-24
  • 录用日期:2016-10-26
  • 在线发布日期: 2017-05-19
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