Arogenate dehydratase(ADT) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the phenylalanine biosynthetic pathway and plays essential roles in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stresses.However, the ADT gene family has not been systematically characterized in peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.). Here, eight ADT genes were identified for the first time at the whole-genome level in cultivated peanut and found to be unevenly distributed across six chromosomes. The encoded proteins range from 369 to 504 amino acids in length, with molecular weights of 40.93–55.19 kDa and isoelectric points between 4.37 and 8.29. All the peanut ADT proteins were predicted to localize to the chloroplast, and their promoter regions harbor numerous cis-acting elements responsive to phytohormones(e.g., ABA, MJ) and abiotic stresses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the peanut ADT family is highly conserved across plant species and clusters into three orthologous groups with Arabidopsis thaliana ADTs. Expression profiling demonstrated marked spatiotemporal divergence among family members: arahy.A5D6C6 was highly expressed during pod shell development, arahy.Z36GDV showed sustained activity throughout seed filling, and arahy.71EM27 exhibited perianth-specific expression. This precise expression partitioning aligns with critical developmental processes in peanut—including flowering, geocarpy, and seed maturation—and likely provides metabolic support for its unique underground fruiting habit. Furthermore, distinct stress-responsive patterns were observed among ADT members. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that arahy.YB5YRA was significantly upregulated under salt stress, while arahy.Z36GDV was significantly induced by drought stress, suggesting that they may serve as key positive regulators in response to salt and drought stresses, respectively. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the peanut ADT gene family and establishes a foundation for functional validation and molecular breeding aimed at improving abiotic stress resilience and seed quality in peanut.