1.湖南农业大学农学院;2.湖南农业大学农学院,作物基因工程湖南省重点实验室,水稻油菜抗病育种湖南省重点实验室
湖南省科技计划项目(2021NK1001)
Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project (2021NK1001)
为改良水稻温敏核不育系伦1S的稻瘟病抗性,本研究以携带广谱持久抗稻瘟病基因Pigm的水稻品种谷梅4号为供体亲本,利用Pigm基因的共显性功能标记M143104开展分子标记辅助选择育种。M143104从谷梅4号基因组中扩增出一条215 bp的条带,而从伦1S基因组中的扩增产物为288 bp,多态性稳定且明显。经过连续多年的回交育种实践,培育出5份抗病不育系伦1S-Pigm。田间自然病圃和室内人工接种苗瘟抗性鉴定表明,伦1S高感苗瘟,而谷梅4号、伦1S-Pigm高抗苗瘟。2024~2025年田间不育特性和农艺产量性状试验结果表明:改良不育系伦1S-Pigm-5综合农艺性状优良,播始历期81 d、株高74.2~77.7 cm、单株有效穗数7.9~10.4个、主穗长22.1~22.5 cm、单穗颖花数407.6~420.0粒、总柱头外露率为36.7~38.2% 、包颈粒率12.6~14.1%,不育性稳定,不育起点温度约23℃,为选配高抗稻瘟病超级杂交稻提供了优异不育系亲本。
To enhance the blast resistance of the thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice line(TGMS)Lun1S, the rice cultivar Gumei4, which carrying the broad?spectrum and durable blast resistance gene Pigm, was employed as the donor parent, and the co?dominant functional marker M143104 of the Pigm gene was used for molecular marker?assisted selection breeding. M143104 amplified a 215?bp fragment from Gumei4 genome, while a 288?bp product was amplified from the genome of Lun1S, showing stable and clear polymorphism. Through successive backcross breeding, five blast-resistant TGMS lines, Lun1S?Pigm, was developed. Field nursery and indoor inoculation assays demonstrated that Lun1S was highly susceptible to seedling blast, whereas Gumei4 and Lun1S?Pigm exhibited high resistance. Investigations of field sterility traits and agronomic yield characteristics were implemented in 2024 and 2025, and one of these improved TGMS lines,Lun1S?Pigm?5, showed excellent comprehensive agronomic and sterile traits: the sowing to heading duration was 81?days, plant height was 74.2–77.7?cm, single plant effective panicles was 7.9–10.4, main panicle length was 22.1–22.5?cm, single panicle spikelets was 407.6–420.0, total stigma exsertion rate was 36.7–38.2%, and neck?panicle enclosure rate was 12.6–14.1%. And Lun1S?Pigm?5 showed stable sterility trait with an approximately 23?°C fertility?transfer critical temperature. This work lays a foundation for breeding super hybrid rice with high-level blast resistance.
