1南京林业大学林草学院、水土保持学院/南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京 210037;2中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所, 南京 210042;3金陵科技学院园艺园林学院,南京 210038
研究方向为森林培育林木种苗,E-mail: liuyuxin@njfu.edu.cn
江苏省观赏海棠品种创新与应用长期科研基地项目(LYKJ[2024]03);江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目(kycx25_1359);国家自然科学基金(32201622);国家留学基金委项目(202508680003)
1College of Forestry and Grassland, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University/Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037;2Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042;3College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210038
Project of the Long-Term Scientific Research Base for Innovation and Application of Ornamental Crabapple Varieties of Jiangsu Province(LYKJ[2024]03);Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (kycx25_1359); National Natural Science Foundation of China (32201622); China Scholarship Council Program (202508680003)
通过探究观赏海棠新品种花器官表型性状的多样性,为海棠的定向培育、种质评价和园林应用提供理论依据。以76个海棠新品种为研究对象,对其6个花器官数量性状与14个质量性状进行测定,开展多样性分析、相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析和综合评价。结果表明,6个数量性状多样性指数为1.04~2.05;14个质量性状共检测到65个变异类型,质量性状的多样性指数为0.75~1.92,其中小蕾颜色、大蕾颜色和盛花外侧颜色的多样性指数较大,表现出丰富的遗传多样性。相关性分析结果表明,数量性状间相关系数较高,花期天数与花瓣数呈极显著正相关(r=0.74)。Q型聚类将供试海棠新品种划分为4大类群,类群Ⅰ可用来选育单瓣浅色且抗性强的品种;类群Ⅱ可用来选育大花型、重瓣、花期长的品种;类群Ⅲ可用来选育花色鲜明的品种;类群Ⅳ可用来选育雌蕊数量多、丰产性强的品种。主成分分析将20个花器官性状转化为7个主成分,累计贡献率为78.13%,可以反映海棠新品种花器官表型性状的大部分特征信息。综合评价筛选出忆红莲、状元红、紫蝶儿、昌红等10份综合性状优良的重要育种及观赏材料。本研究可为高效开发利用海棠资源、花器官观赏性状育种提供参考。
Investigating the diversity of floral organ phenotypic traits in ornamental crabapple cultivars provides theoretical support for targeted breeding, germplasm evaluation, and landscape applications. Seventy-six new crabapple cultivars were studied. Six quantitative floral traits and 14 qualitative floral traits were measured, followed by diversity analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and comprehensive evaluation. The Shannon-Wiener diversity indices of six quantitative traits were between 1.04 and 2.05. A total of 65 variation types were detected across the 14 qualitative traits, with diversity indices ranging from 0.75 to 1.92. Small bud color, large bud color, and outer petal color exhibited higher diversity indices, indicating rich genetic diversity. Correlation analysis revealed high coefficients between quantitative traits, with flowering duration showing a highly significant positive correlation with petal number (r=0.74). Q-type clustering divided the tested crabapples into four major groups: Group I is suitable for breeding single-petaled, light-colored varieties with strong resistance; Group II is suitable for breeding varieties with large, double flowers and a long blooming period; Group III is suitable for breeding varieties with vivid flower colors; and Group IV is suitable for breeding varieties with a high number of pistils and strong productivity. Principal component analysis transformed 20 floral traits into seven principal components, cumulatively explaining 78.13% of variance and capturing the most characteristic information of floral phenotype traits in ornamental crabapple cultivars. Comprehensive evaluation identified 10 key breeding and ornamental materials with outstanding overall traits, including Malus‘Yi Honglian’, M.‘Zhuangyuan Hong’, M.‘Zi Die'er’, M.‘Chang Hong’. This study provides valuable references for the efficient development and utilization of crabapple resources and for breeding ornamental floral traits.
刘雨欣,马敬泽,黄芷珺,等.
