The establishment and improvement of an efficient genetic transformation system for common bean is crucial for the exploration and utilization of its genetic resources， as well as for advancing the progress of molecular breeding. In the present study， the high-regeneration common bean germplasm small white common bean was selected as the experimental material. By conducting single-factor experiments， the optimal transformation conditions for three critical procedures， namely Agrobacterium infection， differentiation and regeneration， and resistance screening， were identified， which lays a foundation for developing a high-efficiency genetic transformation system for common bean.The results demonstrated that during explant preparation， removal of cotyledons， apical buds and radicles while preserving the connecting region between hypocotyls and cotyledons yielded the best effect. In addition， 30-second ultrasonic treatment of explants markedly enhanced the infection capacity and transformation efficiency of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Supplementing the medium with asparagine and glutamine also greatly improved the genetic transformation success rate. To further improve the regeneration performance of explants， the optimal concentrations of plant growth regulators and additives in the regeneration medium were determined： 8 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine （6-BA）， 60 mg/L adenine， 200 mg/L inositol， 20 mg/L allantoin， and 90 g/L sucrose. Under this optimal combination， the explants exhibited the highest regeneration rate， the longest regenerated shoot length and the best overall growth status. Moreover， 5.0 mg/L glufosinate was confirmed as the optimal screening concentration to effectively separate positive transgenic seedlings from negative ones.This study provides reliable technical guidance and a practical theoretical basis for constructing an efficient and stable genetic transformation system for common bean， and also offers an important reference for the establishment of transformation systems in other edible legume species.