This study aims to explore the correlations among quantitative traits of Perilla germplasm resources in different regions of Guizhou, providing a theoretical basis for identifying superior Perilla germplasm resources. Analysis and evaluation of 348 Perilla germplasm resources with respect to 15 major quantitative traits were conducted using five methods: genetic diversity, correlation, principal component, cluster analysis, and comprehensive scoring. The results show that the coefficients of variation for 15 traits ranged from 4.44% to 56.70%, among which the coefficients of variation for single-plant grain weight and total spike number per plant were relatively high, at 56.70% and 53.30%, respectively. The range of the genetic diversity index is 0.99 to 2.01, among which the genetic diversity index of single grain weight, plant height, and main stem node number is relatively high, being 2.01, 1.85, and 1.77, respectively. Correlation analysis indicates that there are 52 significant or highly significant correlations among the 15 traits. The single grain weight per plant is significantly positively correlated with plant height, stem thickness, number of main stem nodes, total number of ears per plant, and stearic acid and is extremely significantly positively correlated with oil content and growth period. Principal component analysis extracted six principal components, with contribution rates of 19.14%, 14.03%, 11.10%, 9.24%, 8.53%, and 7.46%, respectively, and a cumulative contribution rate of 69.50%. Cluster analysis classified 348 perilla germplasm samples into four groups, each with distinct characteristics. Among them, Group II showed excellent overall performance and can be considered a candidate material for high-quality parent selection in perilla breeding. Based on the comprehensive F-value evaluation, 15 perilla germplasm resources with F values ≥1 and excellent comprehensive traits were selected. This study revealed that 348 Perilla germplasm resources from Guizhou have rich phenotypic genetic variation and diversity, and 13 specific germplasm resources were selected, which can provide a basis for precise and efficient breeding of Perilla and in-depth exploration of excellent genes.