To clarify the structural characteristics of the JAZ gene family in rubber trees （Hevea brasiliensis） and their negative regulatory role in anthracnose resistance. This study conducted systematic resistance identification research on the HbJAZ gene family and its key member HbJAZ1 through bioinformatics analysis， expression profiling， and functional validation. Through homologous sequence alignment and conserved domain search， 10 HbJAZ genes were identified from the rubber tree genome， with all HbJAZ proteins containing typical Tify and Jas_motif domains， demonstrating high structural conservation. Chromosomal mapping analysis revealed that the 10 HbJAZ genes were unevenly distributed across seven chromosomes， with HbJAZ1 and HbJAZ5 clustered on chromosome 4， exhibiting distinct gene cluster distribution patterns. Analysis of the promoter cis-acting elements revealed that the HbJAZ gene promoter region is rich in light-responsive， hormone-responsive， and stress-related elements. Notably， HbJAZ1 contains a methyl jasmonate （MeJA）-responsive element， suggesting its potential role as a key regulatory node in the jasmonic acid （JA） signaling pathway. Transcriptome analysis combined with qRT-PCR results demonstrated that multiple HbJAZ genes exhibited significant responses to anthracnose infection in rubber tree anthracnose-resistant germplasm， with HbJAZ1 showing markedly upregulated expression to pBin308， implying its potential as a key negative regulatory factor. Further functional validation revealed that under methyl jasmonate induction， tobacco plants overexpressing HbJAZ1 exhibited significantly weaker disease resistance than the wild-type control pBin308， and the expression of JA signaling marker genes NbDEF1 and NbLOX1 was suppressed， indicating that HbJAZ1 plays a critical negative regulatory role in the JA signaling pathway. Subcellular localization studies demonstrated that HbJAZ1 was primarily localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane. Yeast two-hybrid experiments reveales direct interaction between HbJAZ1 and HbPP2C， a key protein in the ABA signaling pathway， suggesting its potential involvement in JA-ABA cross-regulation. This study elucidates the systematic characteristics and chromosomal distribution patterns of the JAZ gene family in rubber trees， clarifies HbJAZ1′s negative regulatory function in anthracnose resistance， and provides crucial theoretical insights into the JA signal-mediated immune regulatory network in rubber trees.