The Rosaceae family includes many important economic and ornamental species. Thesomatic embryogenesis (SE) regeneration technology provides an efficient platform for plant variety improvement and molecular breeding. It also serves as a valuable system for studying cellular totipotency and embryo development mechanisms. This review summarizes recent advancesin Rosaceae SE research. We summarize the key factors influencing SE induction, including genotype, explant type, plant growth regulator combinations, basal medium composition, exogenous additives, and culture conditions. Molecular studies show that SERK, WUS, and AP2/ERF family genes regulate SE by controlling cell reprogramming, hormone signaling, and epigenetic dynamics. Nevertheless, Rosaceae SE still faces majorchallenges, including strong genotype dependence, low induction efficiency, and unstable regeneration systems. Future perspectives highlight the integration of multi?omics analyses, gene?editing, and epigenetic regulation techniques. Researchers need to dissect the SE molecular network further, optimize induction strategies, and develop novel inducers. These advances will overcome genetic transformation limits and promote molecular design breeding and germplasm innovation in Rosaceae plants.