Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） is one of the most important food crops worldwide， essential for ensuring food security and sustainable agricultural development worldwide. With the continuous growth of the global population and the increasing impact of climate change， improving wheat yield and quality has become increasingly urgent. In recent years， CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing technology has been widely applied to functional gene research and trait improvement in major crops such as rice and maize， achieving remarkable progress due to its simplicity， high targeting specificity， and editing efficiency. However， applying and advancing CRISPR/Cas9 technology in wheat remains challenging due to the polyploidy and structural complexity of its genome， coupled with its relatively low genetic transformation efficiency. In response to this situation， this review systematically summarizes the discovery and underlying mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas9 system， outlines the four main types of edits it can induce-including short fragment insertions， fragment deletions， base substitutions and large fragment insertions， and further highlights recent advances in applying this technology to improve disease resistance， stress tolerance， and yield related traits in wheat. Additionally， considering the current challenges in wheat CRISPR/Cas9 applications， such as limited editing efficiency， off-target effects， and imperfect transformation systems， potential optimization strategies and actionable solutions are proposed in this review. Overall， this review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and technical reference for future molecular breeding research in wheat， thereby promoting the efficient application of genome-editing technologies in wheat.