Identifying genetic loci associated with flowering time in adzuki bean （Vigna angularis L.） is critical for breeding and agricultural production. This study investigated flowering time variations across 220 cultivated adzuki bean accessions through biennial field trials conducted in Ma'anshan city， Anhui province， China. Population structure analysis was performed using SNPs obtained from whole-genome resequencing， followed by genome-wide association analysis （GWAS） of flowering time employing a mixed linear model. The population structure analysis revealed three distinct subpopulations （G1， G2， G3）， which correlated with geographical origins and variety type. Substantial phenotypic variation in flowering time was observed across adzuki bean accessions， ranging from 40 to 81 days， with significant differences observed among subpopulations. GWAS identified eight quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for flowering time distributed across chromosomes 2， 3， 4， 5， 10， and 11. Functional annotation of genes within these QTL intervals prioritized nine candidate genes potentially regulating flowering time. Haplotype analysis was performed on four candidate genes， Vigan02g270300 （Clp1 family protein in precursor mRNA splicing complex II）， Vigan10g218300 （CDF transcription factor）， Vigan11g079500 （CONSTANS-like zinc finger protein）， and Vigan11g080900 （vernalization insensitive protein VIL1）， whose homologous genes in model plants directly regulate flowering time. Among these， the haplotype Hap2 of Vigan10g218300 was associated with early flowering. These findings provide a theoretical basis for further analyzing the genetic mechanism of flowering regulation in adzuki bean and breeding cultivars with optimized growth periods.