Native peach is the popular name for the local varieties （lines， plants） in South Xinjiang， China. From 2014 to 2024， we conducted 15 systematic surveys of peach germplasm resources at 24 counties encircling the Tarim Basin， with a focus on Kashgar and Wada prefectures in Xinxiang. The largest population of native peach was found in Yarkant County （Kashgar）. A total of 313 peach germplasm resources were characterized， including 223 accessions belonging to Prunus persica L.， 76 accessions belonging to P. ferganensis Kost.et Riab， and 13 interspecies hybrids between Prunus persica and P. communis， or between P. ferganensis× P. communis. Ripen date ranges from early July to early November， and fruit types include common peach （262 accessions）， nectarine （50 accessions） and flat peach （one accession）. A rich diversity on the color of the skin and flesh was found， and the color of skin are pure green， pure yellow， pure white and so on. We identified several rare and endangered germplasm resources， comprising Xiu Zhen You Tao， Hetian Lv Pi Tao， Hetian Bai Tao， Shache Lv Pi You Tao 2， Pishan Huang Ai Xi 1， Moyu Huang 1， Huang Leng Tao， and Bai Leng Tao. Our surveys have documented the distribution patterns and diversity levels of native peach germplasm resources in the Tarim Basin region， and have clarified their current utilization status. This study has demonstrated that the Tarim Basin region harbors the most abundant diversity of local peach varieties in China， and has identified promising varieties for commercial production， thus laying a foundation for the protection and utilization of native peach in this area.