Based on “the Third National Campaign of Crop Germplasm Census and Collection”, soybean germplasm resources were collected from different cities in Sichuan province. 192 soybean germplasm resources were identified the morphological features and major agronomic traits in the field. These soybean germplasm resources were collected from sixteen cities and forty-one counties, with enrichments at five cities including Ya"an, Leshan, Guangyuan, Bazhong, and Luzhou. This study indicated that the coefficient of variation for 12 morphological traits ranged from 10.109% (SPAD value) to 57.623% (seed number per plant), with the highest coefficient of variation for seed number per plant and the lowest coefficient of variation for SPAD value. Correlation analysis indicated that significant associations between growth period, number of branches, plant height and 100-seed weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant. The results suggested that three principal components that showed a cumulative contribution rate of 76.290%, reflecting most of the morphological features by principal component analysis. 192 soybean germplasm resources were divided into four groups by cluster analysis, which had the characteristics of big 100-seed weight, high pod number, high SPAD value and long petiole length, respectively. Additionally, soybean germplasm resources with good genetic diversity in terms of seed color and seed types in Sichuan province. In summary, this study revealed the genetic diversity of soybean germplasm resources in Sichuan province, Seven elite soybean germplasm resources were selected, which has great potential in breeding of new soybean varieties and thus offering a theoretical basis for selecting appropriate parental lines in future breeding programs.