Coordinating with the Third National Survey and Collection Action on Crop Germplasm Resources, we collected 110 peanut landraces in Guangdong province, P.R. China. Fourteen phenotypic traits in the collection were recorded, followed by diversity analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the coefficient of variation at 14 phenotypic traits ranged from 5.18% (crude fat content) to 37.34% (pod number per plant). By correlation analysis, the pod number per plant was significantly negatively correlated with main stem height, and extremely significantly positively correlated with branch number. Fourteen phenotypic traits were classified into six principal components by principal component analysis, with a cumulative contribution rate of 71.074%, which can represent a large proportion of the phenotypic variation. 110 peanut landraces were divided into four groups by cluster analysis when applying the euclidean distance of 15, which had the characteristics of high crude fat, high linoleic acid, high yield, high resistance to rust and leaf spot respectively. This study provides a reference for the utilization of newly collected peanut germplasm resources.