From 2017 to 2018, the Fujian team of the “Third National Crop Germplasm Resources Census and Collection Action” carried out a comprehensive survey and collection of crop germplasm resources in 74 cities/counties in the Fujian province, P.R. China. A total of 148 rice landraces were collected, followed by the characterization of phenotypic traits and rice blast resistance. The rice resources collected from western and northern was far more than that in the southeastern coastal areas of Fujian. Rice landraces have been collected in areas from 4 meters to 1000 meters altitude. Phenotypic character identification showed that indica rice and japonica rice, the non-glutinous rice and glutinous rice were found with similar amount. Most germplasms showed the characters such as white brown, green leaf sheath, yellow apiculus and yellow glume, and wide ovum or oval grain shape. The collected rice landraces were rich in genetic variation of quantitative traits and have great potential for mining. Nine landraces including Xiayangjingdao, Luoyangjingdao, Danyangnuodao, Xiangchunyouzhong, Gongzhantong’anben, Hongmi, Hongkenuo, Heimi and Hongmizi, were identified with rice blast resistance. Based on the phenotype, we screened out six superior varieties of Xiangchunyouzhong, Hongmi, Hongmizai, 428, K28, Changlongshigu. Collectively, this study would provide a scientific basis for the effective protection of Fujian rice landraces.