Vigna, a genus belonging to the tribe Phaseoleae (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae), consists of over 100 species, in which about 10 species have been domesticated. Previous studies showed that elite genes for tolerance of adverse conditions and resistance to pests and diseases are rich in the wild relatives of Vigna, which would be important sources for breeding of Vinga crops. In the present paper, we review the research progress in geographical distribution, characterization, cross-compatibility with cultivated species, genetics and its application in breeding of the wild relatives in Vigna, to provide useful information for people working with plant germplasm collection and breeding.