The investigation, collection of main crops Landrace resources of the Dai,Hani,Lahu and Yi national minorities were carried out in Menghai and Mengla Counties in Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province. The survey collected landrace and Wild types of food crops,vegetables,fruit trees and economic crops totally 353 which belong to 40 families，71 genuses and 87 species.Analysis of characteristic and distribution for these collected resources revealed the current situation of main crops landrace in Xishuangbanna and that preferences，religion belief and ecological environment of different minorities play important roles in protection. Some protection strategies were made to landraces by their features.