In the present study, 113 peanut varieties in Northern China and 40 key breeding parental lines were subjected for molecular genotyping, by using 57 SSR markers and 6 AhTEtransposable element markers which come from 3964 candidate primers. Out of 267 detected alleles, 209 alleles showed polymorphisms with the polymorphic ratio of 78.28% . The PIC of all the primers ranged from 0.0754 to 0.9217 with an average of 0.713 4. Subsequently, when GS (genetic similarity coefficient) = 0.62, the cluster analysis partitioned two groups including I (including 2 sub-groups, GS=0.6786) and II (including 13 sub-groups, GS=0.7674). When GS was 0.98 9, a total of 153 peanut cultivars were separated by 63 core primer pairs, and a DNA fingerprint database was established. By tracing the source of varieties, Fuhuasheng, Shitouqi, and Muyangdazhanyang as main backbone parents of peanut cultivars in Northern China, were dissected by calculating the genetic contribution value and the number of derived varieties of the backbone parents. Among them, the genetic contribution of Fuhuasheng was the largest (18.26% ), and the most derivative species (75 cultivars), while the ratio of derivatives in Henan, Hebei and Shandong provinces were 65.12 %, 70.83 %, and 72.73 %, respectively. The ratio of derivatives was positively correlated with the genetic contribution value. Thus, this study will provide a theoretical basis on the molecular identification of peanut cultivars (lines) in Northern China, which might be valuable on the guidance of classifying peanut pedigree.