In order to provide a theoretical basis for further improvement of quality and breeding promotion, and to excavate excellented germplasm resources, quality traits and high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) composition of wheat cultivars in Shanxi Province were investigated. wheat cultivars HMW-GS subunits composition and quality traits were detected. Results showed that the medium-strong gluten wheat varieties dominate in Shanxi, with the hardness index decrease annually, and other quality traits increaseSfirst, andSthen decrease. Wheat cultivars of Shanxi have rich alleles in Glu-1 locus which code HMW-GS. There had three types of subunit (Null,1and 2*)at the Glu-A1, seven types of subunit (7+8、7+9、6+8、13+16、14+15、17+18、20)at Glu-B1 locus, and six types of subunits(2+12、2+10、5+12、5+10、4+12 and 2.2+12) at Glu-D1 locus. The change trend of the quality subunits was consistent with the trend of quality traits evolution. It was discovered that Glu-D1 locus has the greatest effect on protein content, hardness, Test weight, wet gluten content, extensibility and absorption, which 4+12 and 2+10 have positive effect on protein content and wet gluten content, Glu-B1 locus has the greatest effect on Zeleny sedimentation, development time, stability time, Stretch area and Max Resistance, which 7+8 and 7+9 subunits have positive effect on stretch area. 2* of Glu-A1 locus has positive effect on Zeleny sedimentation, development time, stability time, Stretch area and Max Resistance. And Thirty-two different subunit combination were discovered, and “Null,7+8,2+12”had the highest frequency. “2*, 7+8, 4+12”and “1, 7+9, 2+10”had a greater positive effect on quality traits.