Sixteen agronomic traits of 274 genotypes of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) have been comprehensive evaluated of genetic diversity by using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that the genetic diversity index of all the 11 quantitative traits was greater than 2.000，and test materials showed a wide range of genetic diversity in Xinjiang. Two hundreds and seventy four foxtail millet germplasm resources were clustered and classified into 6 groups based on the genetic differences of morphology markers among them. Group I contains 105 materials, has a shorter growth period, belongs to early maturity type, but the other traits perform poorly: Group II, which includes 19 materials, the growth period of is shortest, so is the duration between emergence and heading stage, and the uppermost internode length of it is longer than other groups: Group III had shorter growth stage, which consists of 10 materials, the main spike length of it is relatively long, but the other traits are all at low level: Group Ⅳ, including 58 materials, is superior to other groups in main spike length and single panicle weight, and the growth stage of it is shorter: Group Ⅴ had the longest growth stage, which contains 26 materials, belongs to late-maturing type, all the traits of it is better than other groups, except main spike length: Group VI includes 56 materials, has a longer growth stage, belongs to mid-late type, the plant height is low. The result of principal component analysis of 9 quantitative traits shows that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components is 70.41%. The load values of each principal component trait reflect the selection potential and direction of each trait in breeding. The comprehensive analysis of agronomic traits of germplasm resources provided some scientific basis for the collection, evaluation and utilization of Xinjiang foxtail millet resources.