Oil-bearing roses refer to a gourp of Rosa genus plants that can extract essential oils from their petals, including Rosa Hybrids Rosa spp and Rosa rugosa according classic plant taxonomy. They are all called in international application of roses industry. Cultivation and application of oil-bearing rose has a long history, it is an important woody spice resource in worldwide, and it is also an important medicinal and edible plant in China.Rose essential oils estracted from roes petals are widely used as a supplementary material in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food filed. The market demand for rose essential oils is high, but the production is extremely low, so the price is expensive as gold, which making it known as "liquid gold". There are significant differences in the yield and quality of rose essential oils due to various factors, such as resource types, cultivation sites, cultivation conditions, extraction processes and so on. What’s more, the lack of evaluation and identification principles is seriously affecting the development and application of rose essential oil industry in China. In addition, the Rosa genus plant resources are abundant in China, but their excavation and utilization are not enough. Based on the characteristics and current application status of oil-bearing rose, this study elaborates and summarizes the cultivation types and current situation of oil-bearing roses, the extraction technology of rose essential oils, relevant industry standards, chemical composition, and pharmacological effects. Our aim is to provide reference for the development of China"s rose industry and provide theoretical guidance for the innovative utilization of Rosa genus plant resources in China..