In this study, eight roses with different flower colours were selected as research materials according phenotypic observation. The CIELab colour measurement system was used for the determination of flower colour phenotypes, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) techniques were used for detection of anthocyanins, and multifaceted analyse were carried out to explore the relationship between flower colours and anthocyanins in the roses. The results showed that a total of eight anthocyanins components were first detected in the eight roses, they were Cyanidin-3-（caffeoyl)-glucoside (Cy3CafG), Cyanidin-3-O-galactopyranoside (Cy3Gal), Peonidin-3-(caffeoyl)-glucoside (Pn3CafG), Cyanidin-3-(cis-caffeoyl)-dimethyl-glucoside (Cy3(cisCaf)DmG), Cyanidin-3-(trans-caffeoyl)-dimethyl-glucoside (Cy3(transCaf)DmG), Cyanidin-3-dimethyl-glucoside (Cy3DmG), Peonidin-3-(cis-caffeoyl)-rutinoside (Pn3(cisCaf)Ru), Peonidin-3-(trans-caffeoyl)-rutinoside (Pn3(transCaf)Ru)）, respectively. Eight new anthocyanins had three modification types , Galactosylation modification, methylation modification and coffee acylation modification were all first reported in Rosa genus. The correlation analysis between anthocyanins and CIElab parameters showed that Cy3CafG and Cy3(cisCaf）DmG were positively correlated with petal redness (a*), Cy3Gal and Cy3(transCaf)DmG were significantly positively correlated with petal yellowness (b*) and luminance (L*), and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.5. This study provides a theoretical reference for the precise identification of anthocyanins in Rosa plants and the study of the mechanism of flower color formation, and provides a theoretical basis for molecular breeding of Rosa plants