The physiological indices of Aegilops in different phosphorus treatments were studied to select species of tolerance to low phosphorus stress. Biologic and plant nutrient characteristics of Aegilops were investigated under two P levels , with 9 Aegilops at seedling stage. The correlation analysis results showed that root length could not be treated as the Aegilops resistance index of low phosphorus screening. By principal components analysis, 6 single indexes could be classified into 2 dependent comprehensive components. The adaptability of Aegilops under low-P condition is closely tied with the Plant root dry weight, stem dry weight. The study indicates the Aegilops Stem dry weight, root dry weight, biomass can be treated as the rapidly screening index of low phosphorus. Both of the Agronomic characters observation results and the comprehensive evaluation results showed that Aegilops umbellate contained genes which can resist the low phosphorus condition. The comprehensive evaluation and principal component analysis provide a useful way for selecting species of tolerance to lowphosphorus stress in wheat.