Eleven quality indexes of sugarcane from thirty-six sugarcane varieties and lines were performed by path and factor analysis in this study.Sucrose content in cane was significantly associated with the nine quality indexes except loss of water in boiling liquid of bagasse by simple correlation analysis.Fiber percent cane was extremely significantly related with juice extraction percentage,brix in juice,polarimeter reading(PR) of juice,PR by sodium chloride solution,PR by hydrochloric acid and water content in bagassse,however,it was not significantly associated with loss of water,brix and polarimeter reading of boiling liquid of bagass.The results of path analysis suggested that sucrose content in cane were primarily controlled by juice extraction percentage,PR by sodium chloride solution,PR by hydrochloric acid,loss of water in boiling liquid of bagasse and PR of boiling liquid of bagass.Fiber percent cane was mainly influenced by juice extraction percentage,water content in bagasse,loss of water in boiling liquid of bagasse and brix of boiling liquid of bagass.The nine quality indexes of sugarcane could be divided into four factors and cumulative variance contribution of the four factor reached 94.30% by factor analysis.The former three factors were sugar indexes of juice,sugar indexes of bagasse and water index of bagasse,respectively.The cumulative variance contribution of them reached 83.06%.Only loss of water in boiling liquid of bagasse had significant load in the fourth factor.