In this study, we analyzed the phenotypic differences between Hunan peasant households preserved in situ (hereinafter referred to as farmer households) and their hypothermic counterparts in Hunan germplasm pool (hereinafter referred to as cryogenics preservation), and the genetic similarity of SSR markers comparative analysis,A total of ninty two accessions of rice( Oryza sativa L．) landraces divided into 7 groups(the same name and similar names of the material for the 6 groups),the purpose is to identify the genetic distance with the resources of the same name, to provide a theoretical basis for effective conservation, targeted supply and efficient use.The results showed that there were significant differences in the phenotypic traits of the same name for the test materials, and there was significant difference in the phenotypic traits between the farmer"s preserved and the cryogenic preserved materials.Comparison of SSR markers between farmer and low-temperature preservation of Hunan with the same name material, found that in addition to the E group of materials, other groups of materials are farmer preservation of allelic variation is less than cold preservation.It shows that the farmers" preservation is natural and artificial selection in the process of planting and harvesting year after year.In the group with the same name of similar SSR markers similar coefficient, except for Group C, farmer conserved materials > materials stored in low temperature > farmer conserved materials and low temperature preservative materials.It is suggested that the farmers" retention of the same name rice resources is worth collecting and evaluating.