With the completion of genome sequencing on wheat and its related species, the molecular biology techniques are becoming important and widely used in wheat quality related gene. The discovery of new proteins and genes provides more spaces on genetic improvement of wheat quality. Here, we summarized the research progresses on traditional storage proteins, and in particular focused on newly discovered genes. Meanwhile, the problems existing in the studies related to wheat quality and their solutions in long term view were also addressed. We believe that the information discussed in the study will facilitate the wheat quality studies to make further progresses in both theory and practice.