One hundred and forty-three wheat-Thinopyrum progenies were evaluated based on agronomic traits, high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Analysis of main agronomic traits indicated that there was an abundant genetic variation in these germplasms, and most of them were superior in spike length, spikelets and spikes per plant than main wheat cultivars. One hundred and forty-two (99.3%), 125 (87.4%) and 62（43.4%）of the wheat-Thinopyrum progenies were above the average of main wheat cultivars for the three traits, respectively. At Glu-1 locus, a total of 12 different glutenin alleles were observed. They resulted in 15 different HMW subunit combinations, and the combination (2*，7 8，5 10) was the major type with the frequency of 25.7%. Desirable HMW subunits, 1 and 2* in Glu-A1, 7 8 in Glu-B1 and 5 10 in Glu-D1, were found in this study with the frequency of 68.4%, 68.4% and 52.0%, respectively. One hundred and two wheat-Thinopyrum progenies had desirable HMW subunits at two or three locus of Glu-1, which occupied 71.3% of all accessions. The combinations of HMW-GS were（2*, 7 8, 5 10）or（1, 7 8, 5 10）in seventeen of the wheat-Thinopyrum progenies, and all of them were superior in spike length, spikelets and spikes per plant than main wheat cultivars. Furthermore, thirty representative wheat-Thinopyrum progenies were tested with GISH, and the result showed that most of the accessions were octoploid or hexaploid trititrigias. These results obtained indicated that these wheat-Thinopyrum progenies were important genome resources in wheat improvement.