In order to take full advantage of common wheat from CIMMYT, the genetic diversity of 405 wheat lines was analyzed by 62 SSR polymorphic markers with clear SSR products, selected from 420 SSR markers evenly distributed in wheat genome. A total of 198 alleles were identified and 2~8 alleles were identified by each marker, with an average of 3.19. The PIC value of each marker ranged from 0.03 to 0.79, with an average of 0.48. Among the 405 CIMMYT lines, both the polymorphic site number and average allele number of A, B and D genome were close. The mean PIC value of B genome was the highest while the D genome was the lowest. These lines were clustered into 24 groups when genetic distance was 0.1285. Significant differences of the major agronomic and quality traits were observed among groups.