Abstract:Abstract: Floral fragrance and flower color are important ornamental traits of flower crops, which are key factors that determine flower quality and affect flower economic values. Therefore, cultivating new flower varieties with rich floral colors and pleasant flowers has long been the main breeding goal of horticulturists. As a representative of bulb cut flower varieties, Freesia hybrida has bright flowers and pleasant aroma. This paper reviews the metabolic pathways and transcriptional regulation networks of the floral pigments and volatile organic compounds, and the potential applications of anthocyanin and terpenoids synthesis is also prospected.

Abstract:In this study, eight roses with different flower colours were selected as research materials according phenotypic observation. The CIELab colour measurement system was used for the determination of flower colour phenotypes, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) techniques were used for detection of anthocyanins, and multifaceted analyse were carried out to explore the relationship between flower colours and anthocyanins in the roses. The results showed that a total of eight anthocyanins components were first detected in the eight roses, they were Cyanidin-3-（caffeoyl)-glucoside (Cy3CafG), Cyanidin-3-O-galactopyranoside (Cy3Gal), Peonidin-3-(caffeoyl)-glucoside (Pn3CafG), Cyanidin-3-(cis-caffeoyl)-dimethyl-glucoside (Cy3(cisCaf)DmG), Cyanidin-3-(trans-caffeoyl)-dimethyl-glucoside (Cy3(transCaf)DmG), Cyanidin-3-dimethyl-glucoside (Cy3DmG), Peonidin-3-(cis-caffeoyl)-rutinoside (Pn3(cisCaf)Ru), Peonidin-3-(trans-caffeoyl)-rutinoside (Pn3(transCaf)Ru)）, respectively. Eight new anthocyanins had three modification types , Galactosylation modification, methylation modification and coffee acylation modification were all first reported in Rosa genus. The correlation analysis between anthocyanins and CIElab parameters showed that Cy3CafG and Cy3(cisCaf）DmG were positively correlated with petal redness (a*), Cy3Gal and Cy3(transCaf)DmG were significantly positively correlated with petal yellowness (b*) and luminance (L*), and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.5. This study provides a theoretical reference for the precise identification of anthocyanins in Rosa plants and the study of the mechanism of flower color formation, and provides a theoretical basis for molecular breeding of Rosa plants

Abstract:As an important woody spice resource in the world and medicinal edible plant in China, oil-bearing Rose has a long history in cultivation and industrial application. Rose essential oil extracted from rose petals are widely used as supplementary in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food processing fields. Its yield and quality rely on various factors, such as varieties, cultivation area, cultivation condition, extraction methods. The Rosa genus plant resources are abundant in China, but the deep processing technology of rose essential oil lagged behind. There is a need of summary on the characteristics of domestic oil-bearing roses and the current application status of rose essential oil. This study summarized the cultivation types and current situation of oil-bearing roses, the extraction technology of rose essential oils, relevant industry standards, chemical composition, and pharmacological effects. We also proposed recommendations on exploration and utilization of oil rose resources, establishment and optimization of extraction methodologies, improvement of relevant standards, expansion of production application field, and establishment of bioactivity research system. We aim to provide reference for the future development of China''s rose industry and provide theoretical guidance for the innovative utilization of Rosa genus plant resources in China.

Abstract:Non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) play a crucial role in the transport and secretion of lipids in plants. In this study, two type II nsLTP genes were cloned, namely nsLTP2-1 and nsLTP2-2, from Lavandula angustifolia. The analysis of sequence characteristics revealed that the nsLTP2-1 and nsLTP2-2 genes encode 119 and 117 amino acids, respectively, which exhibit conserved lipid transfer proteins (LTP) domains and 8 highly conserved cysteine residues. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that these genes are located in separate branches and share the closest genetic relationship with Perilla frutescens, a member of the Labiatae family. The analysis of gene expression showed that both genes exhibit high expression levels in flower buds, while exhibiting comparatively reduced levels. However, notable disparities in expression were observed in the calyx, with nsLTP2-1 and nsLTP2-2 demonstrating higher expression levels in mature and young calyxes, respectively. The expression of two genes in flower buds and leaves was significantly inhibited by the treatment involving gibberellin and methyl jasmonate. Specifically,Dark treatment and gibberellin treatment significantly inhibited the expression of the two genes in bud and leaf. In the buds, abscisic acid and light treatment induced their expression, In the leaf, methyl jasmonate and ethylene induced the expression of nsLTP2-1 and nsLTP2-2, respectively. The subcellular localization of the yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) fusion protein demonstrated that both nsLTPs were localized on the cell membrane and cell wall, indicating they may be related to the transport of secondary metabolites. These findings provide a fundamental basis for elucidating the role of lavender lipid transfer protein in lipid and terpenoid transportation.

Abstract:Soybean grains are rich in amino acids and are important components of soybean quality, with high nutritional value and physiological functions. Therefore, breeding soybean varieties with high levels of free amino acids can assist in high-quality soybean breeding and is of significant practical importance for innovative development of the soybean industry. In this study, 264 soybean varieties were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the levels of four free amino acids: arginine, glycine, glutamic acid, and lysine in dried soybean grains. The results showed that arginine had the highest content among the free amino acids, followed by glutamic acid, and glycine had the lowest content. Three soybean varieties with high levels of these four free amino acids were selected: Haimen Yang 104, Liaoxian Bean 12, and Guanyun Dasiyu. Whole-genome association analysis was performed combining the phenotype and genotype data of the natural soybean population for the four amino acids, and significant SNP loci associated with the four amino acids in soybean were identified. This provides a basis for subsequent identification of candidate genes related to high levels of amino acids in soybeans, thereby accelerating soybean variety improvement and facilitating molecular breeding of soybeans.

Abstract:The vast diversity of secondary metabolic compounds in plants arises from the myriad of molecular modifications they undergo. One such modification that is vital for plant growth and development is glycosylation. Glycosyltransferase (GT), as the enzyme central to catalyzing the synthesis of glycosylation products, includes the UGT family, which primarily utilizes Uridine diphosphate (UDP) as the glycosyl donor. Plant glycosylation reactions play a pivotal role in regulating the solubility, stability and bioactivity of various plant metabolisms. They are closely associated with plant quality traits and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Glycosyltransferases, the key enzymes that facilitate glycosylation product biosynthesis, have garnered significate attention in recent years as a trending topic. In this paper, we review the structural and catalytic features, reaction types, functional classifications of glycosyltransferases in ornamental plants. Additionally, we also summarize current research progress on modifying hormones, terpenoids, and flavonoids in ornamental plants using UDP-glycosyltransferases. This modification affects. flower color, leaf color, leaf shape, and plant adversity as well as functional compound composition. This summary can serve as a reference for further investigation into the metabolic regulation of ornamental plants. It also provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing the floral quality of ornamental plants, strengthening their ability to cope with stress . Additionally, it will aid in the cultivation of new plant varieties with special functions and the development of functional plant-based compounds from the same source of food and medicine.

Abstract:Soybean male sterile lines play vital value for developing soybean heterosis, but the three-line hybridization has some problems such as limited source of restorer lines, while environmental sensitive genic males sterile (EGMS) can change fertility under different conditions, which is a good solution to this problem. Based on previous reports that ms3 may be an EGMS material, the phenotypes and mutation sites of three independent mutants of ms3 (Washington), ms3 (Flanagan) and ms3 (Plainview) were further studied in this paper. The results showed that only sporadic black pollen grains with irregular shape were stained by I₂-KI dye in the anthers of these three mutants. High-through sequencing results showed that the mutated site of ms3 (Washington) and ms3 (Flanagan) were consistent with previous reports named ms3-1, with a large fragment insertion occurred in the PHD coding region of the third exon of MS3, leading to the destruction of the PHD domain of MS3 protein. ms3 (Plainview) is missing an A in the first exon of MS3, resulting in frameshift mutation with an open read frame encoding only 40 amino acids, complete loss of protein function, this allele is named ms3-2. semi-thin section analysis also showed that the tapetum layer and pollen development of ms3 (Plainview) were abnormal in the middle and late anther development. In addition, we designed molecular markers for the detection of ms3-1 and ms3-2 genotypes. In summary, the results of this study provide tools and materials for the application and transformation of ms3.

Abstract:Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) occurs in nearly all soybean-growing areas worldwide and it causes severe yield loss and seed quality reduction in soybean. This review summarizes the progress of recent studies regarding molecular markers discovery for SMV resistance, and discusses how the pyramiding of multiple molecular markers has been utilized to facilitate breeding of soybean varieties resistant to SMV. Many recent studies focus the identification of physical position of SMV resistance genes, and further propose many candidate genes based on sequence variation, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats) /Cas9 etc. In addition, this study highlights the understanding of the molecular mechanism of SMV–soybean interactions and the genes conferring SMV resistance, and further provides perspectives for future studies, which will be helpful for applying the markers or mechanism for SMV resistance breeding.

Abstract:Heterosis utilization is the main way to improve crop yield, which helps to solve the contradiction between the increasing population and limited arable land.The "three line" hybrid breeding system based on cytoplasmic male sterility is the main way to utilize crop heterosis.The "three line" hybrid breeding system has been carried out in soybean for nearly 30 years, and more than 40 hybrid soybean varieties have been approved and applied in production. This paper systematically elaborates the discovery and utilization of soybean cytoplasmic male sterility line, the genetic and molecular mechanisms of sterility and fertility recovery.Based on the analysis of the current situation, the problems and solutions in the "three line" hybrid soybean breeding are put forward, aiming to provide new ideas for the research and application of soybean heterosis.

Abstract:Wild soybean (G. soja Sieb. Zucc.) is a close ancestor species of cultivated soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), which has lost a large number of genes or allelic variants in the process of domestication, leading to genetic bottlenecks in variety selection and improvement in current cultivated soybean. Wild soybean is widely distributed in China and rich in germplasm resources, harboring potential genes for high protein, resistance to diseases and pests, drought resistance, salt and alkali resistance, etc. Reintroducing these excellent allelic variants into modern cultivated soybean varieties using molecular design breeding techniques, can not only promote human understanding of soybean evolution and development history, but also effectively broaden soybean genetic diversity. In recent years, a large number of scientists have invested in the research of exploring excellent allelic variants in wild soybean. This paper reviews the favorable traits of wild soybean resources and the progress of research on the discovery of the corresponding genes, and discusses the potential application of these genes in future cultivated soybean breeding, and provide a new breeding idea and strategy for breeding and improving new varieties in soybean.