The genetic diversity of landraces is crucial for wheat breeding. In this study， a genome-wide analysis of 292 winter wheat germplasm resources from Xizang， Hubei， Yunnan and Sichuan， China， was conducted using a 120K SNP array to analyze the evolutionary patterns and modes of their genetic diversity. Genotyping yielded 86129 high-quality SNPs， with an average of 4104 markers per chromosome. SNP distribution across subgenomes was B>A>D， and chromosome 4D contained the fewest SNPs （only 1582）. The Shannon index across all germplasm resources ranged from 0.1734 to 0.3678 （mean=0.2431）， and the polymorphism information （PI） ranged from 0.0952 to 0.5010 （mean=0.3146）， with the highest frequency observed in the range of 0.3001 to 0.4000. Furthermore， the overall mean expected heterozygosity （0.8835） was higher than the mean observed heterozygosity （0.8809）， indicating a certain degree of genetic diversity and differentiation within the population. The 292 winter wheat landraces were classified into three subgroups， with an average genetic distance of 0.31344 between populations， ranging from 0.00196 to 0.56513. In summary， this study reveals the genetic variation patterns of winter wheat landrace germplasm resources， providing valuable insights for future genetic improvement and breeding.