Anthocyanins， a type of flavonoid polyphenolic compounds， are widely found in various plant organs and play a crucial role in maintaining programmed physiological activities. As natural edible pigments， anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants that can boost the human immune system and provide benefits such as vision protection and beauty promotion. bHLH transcription factors， as the second largest transcription factor superfamily in plants after MYB， play a significant role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. bHLH proteins not only directly interact with structural genes in anthocyanin synthesis but also form complexes with MYB and WD40 proteins to regulate the process. Their functions are influenced by environmental factors and hormonal signals. This article reviews the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways and their regulatory mechanisms， including summarization of their structural characteristics， their regulatory mechanisms， and the impact of external environmental factors and hormone signals on bHLH regulation during anthocyanin accumulation. We expect to provide a foundation for further research on anthocyanin regulation， color formulation， and horticultural plant breeding.