In order to investigate and clarify the developmental mechanisms and the high survival rate of Dioscorea zingiberensis PLB (Protocorm-like body) transplant, morphological and anatomical characterizations of PLB and adventitious buds in vitro were studied using paraffin section techniques. Results showed that the PLB bud primordia and scale leaves were able to regenerate from the elliptical compact embryogenic cell masses, subsequently to form the PTM (primary thicking meristem) and procambium with the occurrence of the PLB morphogenesis. The high survival rate of PLB plantlets is largely due to the fact that the root primordium was inner-genetic and connected with the buds through the vascular system in PLB. Results also revealed that the adventitious buds could be stemmed from the meristematic cell masses derived from embryogenic cells on the surface of callus, while the adventitious roots regenerated from the surface of callus formed at the lowest stem, resulting in the low survival rate of plantlets cultured in vitro.