Sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] is one of the globally most important crops that can be used for grain, feed, fiber and energy. Because of its developed root system, thick leaf waxy layer, strong osmotic adjustment ability and high photosynthetic efficiency, sorghum showed strong adaptability particularly under drought conditions, in order to meet the global climate change, water scarcity and world food demand. As drought is one of the major adverse factors that restrict the agricultural production in the world, how to solve the problem of sorghum yield under drought is still a great challenge for the breeders. In order to provide reference for the selection of new varieties of sorghum drought resistance, here we review the methods for drought resistance, drought indexes and excellent germplasm resources of sorghum, as well as the research progress on QTL mapping of drought resistance and drought resistance related charactering sorghum. Finally, we provide the prospective in studies for sorghum drought resistance, including: (1) Large-scale tests for drought resistance in sorghum germplasm resources for entire growth period, (2) Gene mining using next-generation sequencing technology, (3) updated breeding methodologies using genetic modification and gene editing.