Totally，72 sweet sorghum germplasm in XinJiang were used to analyze their genetic diversity and genetic relationship using 50 SSR primers. The result indicated that a total of 20 SSR primers performed polymorphism and 91 alleles loci were detected. The average number of alleles per SSR was 3.45 with a range from 2 to 5.The value of allelic polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.2859 to 0.6652,on an average of 0.5057 per SSR marker. The genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.2001 to 1.000 with a average of 0.5599. The cluster analysis grouped the 72 sweet sorghum cultivars and lines into 2 main groups.Group A included 69 accessions and group B included only 3 accessions. Group A was again sub-divided into sub-groups I through XI. The accessions of sweet sorghum with similar agronomic trait was mostly clustered one group.