The study utilized 76 wild sour jujube (Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa) germplasm resources from Qingjian, northern Shaanxi, as experimental materials. Fruit external phenotypes, nutritional quality traits and kernel medicinal components were analyzed for genetic diversity, correlation, principal components and Grey Relational Analysis(GRA), aiming to select superior individuals and provide a reference for the conservation of wild sour jujube germplasm and the mining of exceptional accessions.The results showed that the 15 quantitative fruit phenotypic traits were highly variable, with coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 7.04 % to 47.86 %. Single-fruit mass and single-stone mass displayed the greatest variation, whereas the coefficients of variation for edible-rate was the lowest (7.04 %). Stone width and stone length exhibited the highest Shannon–Weaver diversity indices(H′), reaching 1.867 and 1.838, respectively. Among the five fruit nutritional traits, the sugar-acid ratio showed the highest CV to 89.70 %, and the H′ indices of titratable acid, soluble solids and vitamin C all exceeded 1.50, indicating a high level of genetic diversity. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints of kernel Pharmacodynamic components were successfully established for 61 Qingjian sour jujube resources. Four pharmacodynamic compounds were quantified, revealing significant differences among individual plants. Jujuboside B exhibited the greatest variation (CV=68.16 %), whereas jujuboside A registered the highest H′ index (1.374). These findings demonstrate that both fruit nutritional quality and kernel medicinal composition in the tested wild sour jujube vary widely and display abundant diversity. Principal-component analysis condensed the 24 fruit related traits into seven factors that collectively explained 72.59 % of the total variance, representing core aspects of fruit morphology, nutritional quality, kernel morphology and medicinal constituents. Using a combination of the entropy weight method and grey relational analysis（GRA） for comprehensive evaluation, three wild jujube germplasm resources with excellent comprehensive traits were screened for fresh consumption and three for seed kernel medicinal use, respectively. This provides high-quality germplasm for fresh-fruit breeding programmes and the development of kernel pharmacodynamic sour jujube resources.