Taro ［Colocasia esculenta （L.） Schott］ ranks as the fifth most important cultivated tuber crop worldwide. Its germplasm resources consist predominantly of local landraces， which are frequently exchanged across regions and primarily propagated through clonal reproduction via cormels. These practices have resulted in high degree of genetic diversity coupled with often minimal morphological differentiation. Accurate identification and efficient management using conventional phenotypic descriptors alone remain challenging. To improve the precision and efficiency of germplasm management， we developed a molecular system based on genome-wide SNP markers. Based on previous resequencing data， we designed 695 primer pairs covering the entire genome for targeted resequencing. Using the primer set， 2317 high-confidence SNPs were identified across 193 taro germplasm accessions. Genetic clustering analysis grouped the accessions into six distinct clusters. Pairwise comparisons of SNP differences revealed that 79.57% of accession pairs exhibited genetic similarity values between 0.45 and 0.65， whereas eight pairs exhibited very high similarity （0.98）， suggesting the presence of putative duplicates or materials with highly similar genetic backgrounds. Furthermore， a core set of 17 informative SNP markers was selected to generate molecular fingerprints for all 193 accessions. These fingerprints， integrated with geographical origin and varietal type， were used to create unique molecular IDs for each accession. This study provides a robust and efficient approach for the accurate discrimination， precise identification， and digital management of taro germplasm， offering significant theoretical insights and practical applications for its conservation and utilization.