To identify and evaluate the genetic diversity of phenotypic traits in 200 ancient tea tree germplasm resources from Lincang， 42 phenotypic traits were studied by means of correlation analysis， principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results indicated that the 28 qualitative traits exhibited a rich degree of variation in the tested germplasm. There were significant differences in the genetic diversity indices of each trait， ranging from 0.056 to 1.106， with an average genetic diversity index of 0.670. The coefficient of variation of the 14 quantitative traits ranged from 5.03% to 34.30%， with an average of 20.97%. Correlation analysis revealed that most phenotypic traits were significantly or extremely significantly correlated. A total of 14 principal components were extracted through principal component analysis， with a cumulative contribution rate of 70.97%. They respectively focused on reflecting the characteristics of tea plants such as the number of ovary， corolla diameter， main vein downy hairs， leaf area， leaf length， leaf width， leaf size， length-to-width ratio and leaf shape. Based on phenotypic traits， cluster analysis was conducted. When the Euclidean distance was 20，200 ancient tea tree germplasm resources could be classified into four major groups. The main traits among each group were significantly different， and the cluster analysis did not completely rely on geographical distribution for classification. The research results show that the phenotypic variations of the ancient tea tree germplasm resources in the eight counties （districts） of Lincang city are rich， and the level of genetic diversity is relatively high， demonstrating good potential for the selection and breeding of high-quality tea tree varieties， providing a basis for the protection and sustainable utilization of ancient tea tree resources in Lincang.