基于农民认知筛选的陕西优异作物种质资源特征分析
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作者单位:

1.陕西省种子工作总站;2.西北农林科技大学;3.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所

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基金项目:

陕西省物种品种资源保护费项目(111821301354052199)


Analysis Characteristics of Excellent Crop Germplasm Resources in Shaanxi Based on the Farmers’ Cognition
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Shaanxi Seed Work Station,Xi’an;2.Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University;3.Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Beijing

Fund Project:

Foundation project: Shaanxi Conservation of Crop Germplasm Resources Program (111821301354052199)

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    摘要:

    摘要:本文基于第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动陕西调查中获得的农民认知和普查数据,对本次收集筛选的优异资源进行了分析,发现陕西优异资源作物类型以蔬菜、果树为主,粮食作物次之,作物种类以常见大宗作物为主;主要特点以品质优、外观好、适应性强为主,优异性状中口味性状是农民最为关注的方面,其次是外观和抗性;分布情况为蔬菜、果树关中地区较多,粮食作物陕南地区较多,其作物种类分布受自然和人文环境双重影响。农民认知能真实反应农民主观需求、选择结果以及选择驯化策略或经验,研究中发现优质是农民留存资源的主因即主要需求,其次是外观和适应性因素,且选择方向可能是以解决突出问题为主要方向,在此基础上兼顾其他需求,优先考虑优质、外观和适应性需求,使得主要需求及对应的主要优异性状和次要需求及其优异性状产生较大相关性,人工选择作用明显。因此,陕西资源形成受到自然和人工双重选择作用,受自然环境影响,使人工选择结果丰富多彩,但在人工选择的主导作用下最终形成了陕西特色的优异种质资源。陕西优异资源保护利用工作应充分考虑资源分布特点,以资源价值发掘为重心,通过建立合理的利益机制和管理机制,逐步完善资源保护利用体系。

    Abstract:

    Abstract: Based on the farmers'' cognition and survey data, this article analyzed the Shaanxi excellent resources, which from the third national-wide agricultural germplasm survey. It was found that the crop types were mainly vegetables crops and fruit, followed by food crops, and the crop species were mainly common bulk crops. The mainly characteristics are excellent quality, good appearance and strong adaptability. Among the excellent traits, taste traits are the most concerned by farmers, followed by appearance and resistance. The distribution of fruit crops and vegetables is more in Guanzhong region, and food crops is more in southern Shaanxi region. The distribution of crop species is influenced by both natural and human environment. Farmers'' cognition can truly reflect farmers'' subjective needs, selection results, and selection strategies or experiences. It is found that high quality is the main demand for farmers'' preserving resources, followed by appearance and adaptability factors. The direction of selection may be to solve prominent problems, and on this basis, other needs should be taken into account.Priority is give to quality, appearance and adaptability needs, which makes the main needs and corresponding main excellent traits and secondary needs and their excellent traits have a greater correlation. The role of artificial selection is obvious.Therefore, the formation of Shaanxi resources is influenced by both natural and artificial selection, and the natural environment makes the result of artificial selection results rich and colorful, but under the leading role of artificial selection, excellent germplasm resources with Shaanxi characteristics are finally formed. The protection and utilization of Shaanxi excellent resource should fully consider the characteristics of resource distribution,focus on exploitation of resource value,and gradually improve the resource protection and utilization system through establishing reasonable benefit mechanisms and management mechanisms.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-20
  • 最后修改日期:2024-05-31
  • 录用日期:2024-09-19
  • 在线发布日期: 2024-09-23
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