Based on the genome and transcriptome data of Salsola abrotanoides, we identified and analysed the GPAT gene family of Salsola abrotanoides and explored its expression pattern under drought stress using bioinformatics and qRT-PCR methods. The results showed that a total of 35 GPAT members were identified in this study, named Sa_GPAT1-35. Physicochemical analysis showed that most Sa_GPAT proteins belonged to the basic proteins; the prediction of the subcellular localization showed that Sa_GPATs were mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum; Spatial structure prediction showed that the secondary structure of Sa_GPAT protein was mainly dominated by α-helix and the tertiary structure was more stable. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this family were divided into four subfamilies, of which Group 4 was the unique subfamily of Salsola abrotanoides. Signal peptide prediction showed that no signal peptides were present in Salsola abrotanoides GPAT family members, and transmembrane structure analysis indicated that transmembrane structures were present in approximately 63% of Salsola abrotanoides GPAT family members. Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that the Salsola abrotanoides GPATs genes showed tissue-specific expression characteristics, with Sa_GPAT003 was highly expressed in seedlings. Combined with transcriptome results of drought stress, it was found that most members of the Sa_GPAT family were found to be responsive to drought stress, among them, Sa_GPAT032 showed significantly higher expression after drought stress. The comprehensive analysis results indicate that members of the GPAT gene family of Salsola abrotanoides may play an important role in drought stress response.