Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth largest food crop in the world. To explore and identify the biological basis of drought resistance genes is an important way to cultivate new varieties of drought-resistant potato. Potato StAVP1 gene is involved in material transport across the vacuolar membrane and plays an important role in plant response to material transport and abiotic stress. In this study, the StAVP1 gene with the full length of 2301 bp coding region was cloned from the leaves of "Atlantic" potato. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the StAVP1 gene contained typical H+ pyrophosphatase domain and 13 transmembrane domains, which had high sequence similarity with AVP1 protein of related species, and was predicted to be located on the vesicular membrane. Tissue expression pattern analysis showed that StAVP1 gene expression was the highest in flowers and the lowest in tubers. The biomass and root length of Arabidopsis Thaliana plants overexpressed in StAVP1 were significantly higher than those of receptors, and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves of Arabidopsis Thaliana plants overexpressed in StAVP1 were significantly lower than those of receptors under water-controlled drought stress, while the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and proline (Pro) were significantly higher than those of receptors. Stress response genes such as DREB were significantly up-regulated. The results of CoIP test showed that StAVP1 directly interacted with StRAB, and StRAB gene expression was significantly up-regulated in Arabidopsis Thaliana strains overexpressed in StAVP1 under drought stress. In this study, through biological information analysis, heterologous expression phenotype, physiological, functional verification of gene expression, CoIP interaction protein analysis, potato StAVP1 gene is an important gene source for potato genetic improvement.