中国一级保护野生兰科植物杂交育种进展
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贵州大学

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贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般014);贵州省粮油作物分子育种重点实验室(黔科合中引地[2023]008);贵州省高等学校功能农业重点实验室(黔教技[2023]007)


Progress in hybrid breeding of wild orchids listed in the national first-class plant protection catalog
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Guizhou University

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Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Support Plan Project (Qiankehezhicheng(2023) general); Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province (Qiankehezhongyindi(2023)008); Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions (Qianjiaoji(2023)007)

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    摘要:

    中国一级保护野生兰科植物共33种,包括兜兰属、杓兰属、兰属、石斛属、蝴蝶兰属和虾脊兰属等种类,具有重要的观赏和药用价值。本文对这些种类的杂种登录情况、亲本选择、授粉及播种时期选择、属间杂交进展、杂交育种存在的问题等进行综述,并结合育种现状提出了未来育种方向。研究表明,以中国一级保护野生兰科植物为亲本已有3611个杂交组合在RHS上登录,杂交组合数最多的前十名均为兜兰属植物,其次为美花兰,而红花兜兰、广东兜兰、紫斑兜兰和暖地杓兰未见杂交组合登录。绿叶兜兰、曲茎石斛、霍山石斛、文山红柱兰等为极具潜力的优秀种质资源,但以其为亲本的杂交组合较少。建议未来开展杂交育种工作时,应当充分利用上述野生种质资源、加强属间杂交,并利用分子标记辅助育种加速新品种培育,以提高野生兰科种质资源的利用水平。本文可以为中国一级保护野生兰科植物的杂交育种工作提供参考,为兰科植物种质资源创新和兰花产业持续发展提供支撑。

    Abstract:

    There are 33 wild orchids listed in the national first-class plant protection catalog, belonging to several genera including Paphiopedilum, Cypripedium, Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Phalaenopsis, and Calanthe, which have important ornamental and medicinal value. The registration status of hybrids, their parents selection, pollination and sowing time selection, intergeneric hybridization progress and problems in hybrid breeding of these species have been reviewed. Based on the current breeding situation, future breeding directions are proposed. It shown that 3611 hybrid combinations with the national first-class wild orchids as parents have been registered in RHS. The top ten species of hybrid combinations are Paphiopedilum spp., followed by Cymbidium insigne. However, no hybrid combinations have been registered with Paphiopedilum erythroanthum, Paphiopedilum guangdongense, Paphiopedilum notatisepalum, and Cypripedium subtropicum as parents. There are few hybrid combinations with Paphiopedilum hangianum, Dendrobium flexicaule, Dendrobium huoshanense, Cymbidium wenshanense as parents, although they are all excellent germplasm resources with great potential. It suggested that we should make full use of the above wild germplasm resources, strengthen intergeneric hybridization, and use molecular marker assisted breeding to accelerate the cultivation of new varieties in the future, so as to improve the utilization level of wild orchid germplasm resources. This article can provide reference for the hybrid breeding of the national first-class wild orchids, and provide support for the innovation of orchid germplasm resources and the sustainable development of the orchid industry.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-09
  • 最后修改日期:2023-10-02
  • 录用日期:2023-10-26
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